CN111528050B - Irrigation system is collected to municipal administration rainwater - Google Patents
Irrigation system is collected to municipal administration rainwater Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
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Abstract
The invention discloses a municipal rainwater collecting and irrigating system which comprises an infrared sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil humidity sensor, a solenoid valve, a variable frequency driver and a water level sensor, wherein the infrared sensor, the soil temperature sensor, the soil humidity sensor, the solenoid valve, the variable frequency driver and the water level sensor are all connected with a central controller; compared with the prior art, the intelligent irrigation system improves the traditional artificial irrigation into an intelligent irrigation system, saves water resources, saves a large amount of manpower and material resources, improves the working efficiency and reduces various operation costs. Meanwhile, under the condition of saving water resources to the maximum extent, the optimal water source condition is provided for the plants, and the healthy growth of the plants is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water resource saving and recycling, and particularly relates to a municipal rainwater collecting and irrigating system.
Background
Water resources are very precious in China, and the consumption of irrigation water is very large, so that the water resource conservation from the irrigation water is very necessary. Along with the acceleration of the urbanization process, the urban greening area of China is further increased, the irrigation water consumption of the green belt is continuously increased, and the problem of saving and recycling the irrigation water is urgent. And the road green belt is irrigated through regularly arranging the watering lorry to current technique, neither can the water economy resource, still consuming time is hard, also can not irrigate according to the accurate control water consumption of actual conditions. In fact, the difficulty of realizing intelligent irrigation in the prior art is that whether the irrigation conditions suitable for plants, such as temperature and humidity, can be judged, irrigation is regulated in a type-mode manner according to the irrigation conditions suitable for plants and according to different conditions, and the work of the whole irrigation system is accurately controlled in a plant coverage range, such as various indexes and parameters needing coordinated and coordinated control, such as irrigation opportunity, duration, interval time, coverage range, segmented irrigation and the like.
Therefore, how to better save and recycle the water resource on the basis of ensuring the water consumption for normal irrigation, and the problem that the water consumption is required to be solved urgently at present can be irrigated by accurately controlling the water consumption according to actual conditions in a type and mode division manner.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in order to better save and recycle water resources, on one hand, the water resources can be saved from the water taking source, and on the other hand, the utilization rate of water needs to be improved, according to the principle, the invention provides a system for collecting and recycling water resources, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a water resource collecting device, a water storage device water quantity sensor, a water using device and a water using state acquisition sensor which are all connected with a controller, wherein the water resource collecting device, the water storage device and the water using device are connected by pipelines;
the controller is used for receiving the acquisition information of the water quantity sensor and the water using state acquisition sensor of the water storage device and respectively controlling the water resource collection device and the water using device to be opened and closed;
the water resource collecting device is used for collecting water resources, such as rainwater;
the water storage device is used for storing water resources;
the water storage device water quantity sensor is used for detecting the residual water storage space of the water storage device;
the water using device is used for using water resources;
the water use state acquisition sensor is used for detecting whether a water resource using object needs to use water or not;
the connecting pipeline is used for transporting water resources.
The working principle of the system for collecting and reusing water resources is as follows: if water storage device still has the space can the water storage, open water resource collection device and collect, then, when judging according to the information acquisition of water state acquisition sensor and need the water, open water using device to put through water storage device and water using device's connecting tube, for water using device supplies water, when need not the water, close water using device and connecting tube.
Description of the drawings: each part in the water resource collection and reuse system can be transformed or structurally replaced to different degrees according to specific use scenes, but the use function and the solved technical problem are not changed.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: compared with the regular arrangement of water supply operation for water supply units, the system for collecting and recycling water resources has two advantages, one is saving of various costs of various resources, including water resources, labor cost, purchase and lease costs of operating vehicles and equipment, operation cost of the water supply units and the like, the other is supplying water accurately for the water supply units, supplying water according to needs, supplying water by the system when the water supply units need water, and supplying water in fixed water quantity mode without time for water supply operation, so that the water demand time and the water demand quantity of water supply objects can not be matched, and the system for collecting and recycling water resources is another form of artificial water resource waste, and the defects are overcome, and the greatest advantage is achieved.
An irrigation system is collected to municipal rainwater which characterized in that: the rainwater irrigation system comprises an infrared sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil humidity sensor, a solenoid valve, a variable frequency driver and a water level sensor which are all connected with a central controller, wherein the solenoid valve is connected with a rainwater collecting opening, the variable frequency driver is connected with an irrigation water pump, and the rainwater collecting opening, a water storage tank and an irrigation spray head are connected through pipelines;
the central controller is used for receiving real-time monitoring data of the infrared sensor, the soil temperature sensor, the soil humidity sensor and the water level sensor, performing calculation and analysis through a specific internal algorithm, sending an instruction to the electromagnetic valve and the variable frequency driver according to a preset control strategy, and respectively controlling the opening and closing of the rainwater collecting port and the switching and power of the irrigation water pump;
the infrared sensor is arranged right above the horizontal section of the municipal road drainage pipe in front of the rainwater collecting port and is used for detecting the rainwater level of the municipal road drainage pipe;
the soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor are buried under the soil surface layer at proper depths and are respectively used for detecting the current temperature and humidity of the soil;
the water level sensor is used for detecting the water level of the current water storage tank;
the electromagnetic valve is used for receiving an instruction of the central controller to control the opening and closing of the rainwater collecting port;
the variable frequency driver is used for receiving an instruction of the central controller to control the on-off and the power of the irrigation water pump;
the rainwater collecting port is used for collecting rainwater in the municipal road drainage pipeline and is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal section of the municipal road drainage pipeline;
the irrigation water pump is used for pumping out water in the water storage tank, and conveying the water to an irrigation spray head through a pipeline for irrigation;
the irrigation spray heads are arranged at a certain height right above the half width of the municipal road green belt, and are arranged in a plurality according to the length of the green belt, and are used for spraying and irrigating the green belt.
The theory of operation of irrigation system is collected to aforementioned municipal rainwater: infrared sensor, soil temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor and level sensor with its data transmission to central controller of real-time monitoring, central controller calculates through specific internal algorithm and analyzes whether there is rainwater and rainfall, the greenbelt is whether need to irrigate, irrigate water pressure, irrigate time, irrigate frequency and irrigate behind the interval isoparametric, send instruction to solenoid valve and frequency conversion driver according to predetermined control strategy, the opening and closing of mouth is collected to the rainwater of controlling respectively, and irrigate the switch of water pump, power and operating frequency's change.
The water flow path from collection to irrigation of rainwater in the municipal rainwater collection and irrigation system is shown in fig. 2, and the working process is as follows: when rainwater exists, the water storage tank is not full, water enters the space, the rainwater collection port is opened, the rainwater enters the water storage tank through the collection port and the pipeline, when the temperature and the humidity of the soil exceed a set value, the water pump is started to pump water, and green belt irrigation is carried out through the spray head.
The specific internal algorithm and the control strategy applied to the municipal rainwater collection and irrigation system are combined to obtain a control mode according to the rainwater amount in the municipal road drainage pipeline, the soil state of the green belt, the total capacity of the water storage tank and the residual capacity, wherein the control mode comprises the following steps:
(1) rainwater collection mode
The formula of the current cross-sectional area of rainwater passing through the municipal road drainage pipeline is as follows:
firstly, when
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
② when
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
③ when
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-rainwater passes through the current cross-sectional area of the municipal road drainage pipeline;
the opening and closing conditions of the rainwater collecting port are as follows:
firstly, whenA 
And is and
when the rainwater collecting port is opened;
② whenA 
Or is or
When the rainwater collecting port is closed, the rainwater collecting port is closed;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-opening the cross-sectional area of the water flow corresponding to the lowest level of the rainwater collection port;
description of the drawings: here, a is an approximate estimation, since the current rainwater flow does not need to be detected very accurately, as long as the condition for opening the rainwater collection port can be detected;
and
the system is preset and adjustable, and the matching adjustment can be carried out according to the road sections laid by the system, the greening area and the water storage tank capacity;
(2) intelligent irrigation mode
Intelligent irrigation starting conditions are as follows:
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 1 is started, the intelligent irrigation mode is started;
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 2 is started;
the intelligent irrigation closing condition is as follows:
when the temperature is higher than the set temperature
When the intelligent irrigation mode 1 is closed, the intelligent irrigation mode is switched off;
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 2 is closed;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-the current measured relative humidity of the soil;
description of the drawings: the intelligent irrigation operation is judged to be started or not, the two parameters are soil temperature and soil humidity respectively, the soil humidity is used as a main judgment index and represents the physical quantity of the soil dryness and humidity degree of a soil layer with a certain depth, and the physical quantity is also called as soil moisture content. The relative humidity of soil is expressed by relative water content such as percentage of water content of soil to field capacity or percentage of water content relative to saturated water, and is mainly influenced by factors such as precipitation, air temperature, vegetation type and terrain conditions. The soil relative humidity is an important index for representing agricultural drought, and can comprehensively reflect most information of soil moisture conditions and surface hydrology processes. According to the relative humidity of the soil, the water content of the soil can be known, and the water content can be maintained, so that the method has a reference value in irrigation. The soil humidity influences the field climate, the soil air permeability and the nutrient decomposition, and is one of the important conditions for the soil microbial activity and the crop growth and development. The drought level index according to the soil relative humidity (R) can be 60 percent<R is 50 percent of no drought<The R is less than or equal to 60 percent and is mild drought, 40 percent<R is less than or equal to 50 percent, is moderate drought, and is 30 percent<The severe drought is defined as R less than or equal to 40%, and the particularly severe drought is defined as R less than or equal to 30%. The intelligent irrigation starting condition of the invention is that different plant growth conditions have different adaptive ranges of temperature and humidity
And
the determination of (2) is determined according to the appropriate soil relative humidity and soil temperature range of plants or vegetation in the green belt laid by the system, and the system can preset several groups of different types of plantsIs/are as follows
And
however, the user can also adjust the position according to the specific situation, and special attention is needed during the adjustment,
and
the value of (A) is within the range of the standard value with a certain margin, i.e.
Is larger than the lowest value of the actual soil relative humidity standard,
less than the highest value of the actual soil relative humidity standard,
is less than the highest value of the actual suitable soil temperature, so that most control errors can be offset. The intelligent irrigation mode 1 is a conventional mode, namely the water in the soil really reaches a lower value of a plant growth condition and needs to be irrigated in time; mode 2 is the special mode, and although the moisture does not reach the lower value of vegetation condition in soil promptly, nevertheless because soil temperature reaches vegetation's higher value, can influence the plant normal growth, need reach the effect of cooling through a small amount of irrigation.
③ Intelligent irrigation mode 1
As shown in fig. 3, irrigation is performed in a manner that irrigation is performed alternately at equal time intervals of a whole area and a half area, and specific control parameters and output values are as follows:
a. the water pressure standard values required by the global irrigation form are as follows:
b. the standard water pressure value required by the semi-regional irrigation form is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-a global irrigation form required water pressure normalized value;
the output value of the corresponding variable-frequency driver for controlling the irrigation pump is as follows:
a. the output value of the frequency conversion driver control irrigation water pump corresponding to the global irrigation form is as follows:
b. the output value of the irrigation water pump controlled by the variable-frequency driver corresponding to the half-area irrigation form is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-controlling output theoretical values of a variable frequency drive corresponding to global irrigation;
the duration rules when irrigating the whole and half areas are: the global and the half-field alternate circulation irrigation satisfies the following relations:
therefore, the final central controller controls the output sequence of the variable frequency drive to be in the form of a group of waveforms, as shown in FIG. 4, according to the first output frequency
Signal persistence
Time, re-output frequency
Signal persistence
And time, alternately outputting the two signals until a stop signal is input.
Intelligent irrigation mode 2
Because intelligent mode 2 only goes to reach the effect of cooling through a small amount of irrigation, so the irrigation water yield a little can, adopt and divide the cubic, 5% of the standard irrigation water yield of irrigation at every turn, the cubic is totally carried out the mode of 15% standard irrigation water yield, still takes the form that global and half-field equal time interval go on in turn to irrigate, and satisfies following relation:
description of the drawings: the intelligent irrigation mode mainly controls the irrigation water quantity of the green belt, namely the water spraying quantity of the irrigation spray head, and aims to cover the area of the whole green belt and save the waterUnder the condition of water utilization, the water spraying amount is accurately controlled, and the lower the frequency of the water pump is, the lower the rotating speed of the irrigation water pump is, and the corresponding pressure and flow are naturally reduced, so that the working power of the irrigation water pump is controlled by adopting the variable-frequency driver, that is, the water pressure of the irrigation spray head can be controlled, the spraying distance and flow of the irrigation spray head can be controlled, and the system can adjust the output value of the variable-frequency driver according to the actual condition to finally control the spraying state of the irrigation spray head, namely the spraying distance and the spraying flow; conversion coefficient between control frequency of variable frequency driver and output pressure of irrigation water pump
The pressure-flow-rate-ratio water pump is obtained by a performance curve provided by a manufacturer, the relation is a natural law of the water pump in physics and is a relatively stable relation value, the flow rate is approximately in direct proportion to the frequency, and the pressure is approximately in direct proportion to the square of the frequency. Static error compensation coefficient of variable frequency driver
Adjusting within a given value range when a variable frequency driver manufacturer dispatches from a factory to adapt to different irrigation pumps; in order to uniformly irrigate the water to the whole green belt, a global and half-domain alternative irrigation mode is adopted, so that the condition that water is unevenly distributed due to the fact that only the outer ring of the green belt is irrigated is avoided, and the global and half-domain irrigation nozzles are specifically sprayed to the areas with the distance between the outermost boundary and the half distance between the outermost boundary of the green belt; the standard irrigation water amount of the primary irrigation of the green belt is the minimum irrigation water amount calculated according to the area of the green belt and the plant density, after the primary irrigation is finished, waiting for a period of time, and if the relative humidity of soil still does not reach the minimum standard, performing secondary irrigation until the relative humidity reaches the standard; because the duration of the whole domain and the half domain is a fixed value each time no matter preset or adjusted, the standard irrigation water quantity of the green belt for one-time irrigation is not necessarily completely equal to that of the green belt each time, so that the standard irrigation water quantity is expressed as approximately equal to that of the green belt, but the error of the whole domain and the half domain is +/-5%.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: this system improves traditional artifical irrigation into intelligent irrigation system, and the water economy resource saves a large amount of manpowers, material resources, improves work efficiency, reduces various operation costs. Meanwhile, under the condition of saving water resources to the maximum extent, the optimal water source condition is provided for the plants, and the healthy growth of the plants is ensured.
A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that: the steps of implementing the function of the municipal rainwater collection and irrigation system when the program is executed by the processor are as follows:
(1) detecting whether rainwater flows into municipal drainage pipelines or not;
(2) if rainwater flows into municipal drainage pipelines, whether the water storage tank has residual space is checked, if so, an opening command is sent to an electromagnetic valve, and a rainwater collecting port is opened;
(3) when the water storage pool has no residual space, sending a closing command to the electromagnetic valve, and closing the rainwater collection port;
(4) detecting whether the soil temperature and humidity data exceed a set value or not, if so, sending an opening instruction and a corresponding control instruction to an irrigation water pump, controlling the irrigation water pressure, the irrigation time, the irrigation frequency and the irrigation interval time of the irrigation water pump, and carrying out irrigation operation;
(5) and after the irrigation is finished, sending a 'closing' instruction to the irrigation water pump to finish the irrigation.
Compared with the prior art, the intelligent irrigation system improves the traditional artificial irrigation into an intelligent irrigation system, saves water resources, saves a large amount of manpower and material resources, improves the working efficiency and reduces various operation costs. For example, the irrigation of the expressway green isolation belt is generally carried out in the peak period of the road in the daytime, the road traffic capacity is seriously influenced by the irrigation of a water wheel, the road cannot play a normal transportation benefit equivalent to 1/36 years of time according to the fact that the expressway green isolation belt is irrigated 15 times a year and 2 shifts are irrigated every time, the road occupation time per kilometer is 240 hours, and thus the road cannot play a normal transportation benefit, so that the method brings about great economic loss, is only a simple conservative estimation of time cost, and has no calculation of various operation costs of other manpower and material resources.
Meanwhile, the invention provides the best water source condition for the plants under the condition of saving water resources to the maximum extent, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of the plants.
The following table is a statistical table of the optimal irrigation water volume (cubic meters per mu) of a certain plant under different temperature (DEG C) and humidity (RH) conditions.
The above table also fully shows that the plants do not need irrigation at any time or need a fixed water amount forever, but the water requirements are different under different temperature and humidity conditions and are related to seasons and illumination, but the most direct influence condition is the temperature and humidity of soil, and the system intelligently adjusts irrigation in different types and modes according to different conditions according to the plant growth conditions, and accurately controls the work of the whole irrigation system in the plant coverage range, such as irrigation time, duration, interval time, coverage range, sectional irrigation and other various indexes and parameters needing coordinated and cooperative control, so that the optimal water source condition is provided for the plants under the condition of saving water resources to the maximum extent, and the purpose and good effect of ensuring the healthy growth of the plants are achieved.
Drawings
For ease of illustration, the invention is described in detail by the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the water flow path from collection to irrigation of rainwater according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention for both global and semi-global irrigation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the output form of the variable frequency drive controlled by the central controller according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-irrigation spray head, 2-connecting pipe with irrigation water pump, 3-green belt soil, 4-global irrigation water flow and 5-half-area irrigation water flow.
Detailed Description
In order to better save and reuse water resources, on the one hand, the water can be saved from the water taking source, and on the other hand, the utilization rate of water needs to be improved, according to the above principle, the following embodiments are provided for illustration:
example 1
A system for collecting and recycling water resources comprises a water resource collecting device, a water storage device water quantity sensor, a water using device and a water using state acquisition sensor which are all connected with a controller, wherein the water resource collecting device, the water storage device and the water using device are connected by pipelines;
the controller is used for receiving the acquisition information of the water quantity sensor and the water using state acquisition sensor of the water storage device and respectively controlling the water resource collection device and the water using device to be opened and closed;
the water resource collecting device is used for collecting water resources, such as rainwater;
the water storage device is used for storing water resources;
the water storage device water quantity sensor is used for detecting the residual water storage space of the water storage device;
the water using device is used for using water resources;
the water use state acquisition sensor is used for detecting whether a water resource using object needs to use water or not;
the connecting pipeline is used for transporting water resources.
The working principle of the system for collecting and reusing water resources is as follows: if water storage device still has the space can the water storage, open water resource collection device and collect, then, when judging according to the information acquisition of water state acquisition sensor and need the water, open water using device to put through water storage device and water using device's connecting tube, for water using device supplies water, when need not the water, close water using device and connecting tube.
Description of the drawings: each part in the water resource collection and reuse system can be transformed or structurally replaced to different degrees according to specific use scenes, but the use function and the solved technical problem are not changed.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: compared with the regular arrangement of water supply operation for water supply units, the system for collecting and recycling water resources has two advantages, one is saving of various costs of various resources, including water resources, labor cost, purchase and lease costs of operating vehicles and equipment, operation cost of the water supply units and the like, the other is supplying water accurately for the water supply units, supplying water according to needs, supplying water by the system when the water supply units need water, and supplying water in fixed water quantity mode without time for water supply operation, so that the water demand time and the water demand quantity of water supply objects can not be matched, and the system for collecting and recycling water resources is another form of artificial water resource waste, and the defects are overcome, and the greatest advantage is achieved.
Example 2
As shown in figure 1, a municipal rainwater collection and irrigation system is characterized in that: the rainwater irrigation system comprises an infrared sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil humidity sensor, a solenoid valve, a variable frequency driver and a water level sensor which are all connected with a central controller, wherein the solenoid valve is connected with a rainwater collecting opening, the variable frequency driver is connected with an irrigation water pump, and the rainwater collecting opening, a water storage tank and an irrigation spray head are connected through pipelines;
the central controller is used for receiving real-time monitoring data of the infrared sensor, the soil temperature sensor, the soil humidity sensor and the water level sensor, performing calculation and analysis through a specific internal algorithm, sending an instruction to the electromagnetic valve and the variable frequency driver according to a preset control strategy, and respectively controlling the opening and closing of the rainwater collecting port and the switching and power of the irrigation water pump;
the infrared sensor is arranged right above the horizontal section of the municipal road drainage pipe in front of the rainwater collecting port and is used for detecting the rainwater level of the municipal road drainage pipe;
the soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor are buried under the soil surface layer at proper depths and are respectively used for detecting the current temperature and humidity of the soil;
the water level sensor is used for detecting the water level of the current water storage tank;
the electromagnetic valve is used for receiving an instruction of the central controller to control the opening and closing of the rainwater collecting port;
the variable frequency driver is used for receiving an instruction of the central controller to control the on-off and the power of the irrigation water pump;
the rainwater collecting port is used for collecting rainwater in the municipal road drainage pipeline and is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal section of the municipal road drainage pipeline;
the irrigation water pump is used for pumping out water in the water storage tank, and conveying the water to an irrigation spray head through a pipeline for irrigation;
the irrigation spray heads are arranged at a certain height right above the half width of the municipal road green belt, and are arranged in a plurality according to the length of the green belt, and are used for spraying and irrigating the green belt.
The theory of operation of irrigation system is collected to aforementioned municipal rainwater: infrared sensor, soil temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor and level sensor with its data transmission to central controller of real-time monitoring, central controller calculates through specific internal algorithm and analyzes whether there is rainwater and rainfall, the greenbelt is whether need to irrigate, irrigate water pressure, irrigate time, irrigate frequency and irrigate behind the interval isoparametric, send instruction to solenoid valve and frequency conversion driver according to predetermined control strategy, the opening and closing of mouth is collected to the rainwater of controlling respectively, and irrigate the switch of water pump, power and operating frequency's change.
The water flow path from collection to irrigation of rainwater in the municipal rainwater collection and irrigation system is shown in fig. 2, and the working process is as follows: when rainwater exists, the water storage tank is not full, water enters the space, the rainwater collection port is opened, the rainwater enters the water storage tank through the collection port and the pipeline, when the temperature and the humidity of the soil exceed a set value, the water pump is started to pump water, and green belt irrigation is carried out through the spray head.
The specific internal algorithm and the control strategy applied to the municipal rainwater collection and irrigation system are combined to obtain a control mode according to the rainwater amount in the municipal road drainage pipeline, the soil state of the green belt, the total capacity of the water storage tank and the residual capacity, wherein the control mode comprises the following steps:
(1) rainwater collection mode
The formula of the current cross-sectional area of rainwater passing through the municipal road drainage pipeline is as follows:
firstly, when
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
② when
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
③ when
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-rainwater passes through the current cross-sectional area of the municipal road drainage pipeline;
the opening and closing conditions of the rainwater collecting port are as follows:
firstly, whenA 
And is and
when the rainwater collecting port is opened;
② whenA 
Or is or
When the rainwater collecting port is closed, the rainwater collecting port is closed;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-opening the cross-sectional area of the water flow corresponding to the lowest level of the rainwater collection port;
description of the drawings: here, a is an approximate estimation, since the current rainwater flow does not need to be detected very accurately, as long as the condition for opening the rainwater collection port can be detected;
and
the system is preset and adjustable, and the matching adjustment can be carried out according to the road sections laid by the system, the greening area and the water storage tank capacity;
(2) intelligent irrigation mode
Intelligent irrigation starting conditions are as follows:
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 1 is started, the intelligent irrigation mode is started;
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 2 is started, the intelligent irrigation mode is started;
the intelligent irrigation closing condition is as follows:
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 1 is closed, the intelligent irrigation mode is switched off;
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 2 is closed;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-the current measured relative humidity of the soil;
description of the drawings: determine whether to turn onThe intelligent irrigation operation has two parameters, namely soil temperature and soil humidity, and the soil humidity is used as a main judgment index and represents the physical quantity of the soil dryness and humidity of a soil layer with a certain depth, namely the soil moisture content. The relative humidity of soil is expressed by relative water content such as percentage of water content of soil to field capacity or percentage of water content relative to saturated water, and is mainly influenced by factors such as precipitation, air temperature, vegetation type and terrain conditions. The soil relative humidity is an important index for representing agricultural drought, and can comprehensively reflect most information of soil moisture conditions and surface hydrology processes. According to the relative humidity of the soil, the water content of the soil can be known, and the water content can be maintained, so that the method has a reference value in irrigation. The soil humidity influences the field climate, the soil air permeability and the nutrient decomposition, and is one of the important conditions for the soil microbial activity and the crop growth and development. The drought level index according to the soil relative humidity (R) can be 60 percent<R is 50 percent of no drought<R is less than or equal to 60 percent and is mild drought, 40 percent<R is less than or equal to 50 percent, is moderate drought, and is 30 percent<The severe drought is defined as R less than or equal to 40%, and the particularly severe drought is defined as R less than or equal to 30%. Because different growing conditions of plants have different adaptive ranges of temperature and humidity, the intelligent irrigation system is applied to the intelligent irrigation starting condition
And
the determination of (2) is determined according to the appropriate soil relative humidity and soil temperature range of plants or vegetation in the green belt laid by the system, and the system can preset a plurality of groups of plants with different types
And
however, the user can adjust the position according to the specific situation, and the user needs to pay special attention during the adjustment,
and
the value of (A) is within the range of the standard value with a certain margin, i.e.
Is larger than the lowest value of the actual soil relative humidity standard,
less than the highest value of the actual soil relative humidity standard,
is less than the highest value of the actual suitable soil temperature, so that most control errors can be offset. The intelligent irrigation mode 1 is a conventional mode, namely the water in the soil really reaches a lower value of a plant growth condition and needs to be irrigated in time; mode 2 is special mode, and although moisture in the soil does not reach the lower value of vegetation condition promptly, nevertheless because soil temperature reaches vegetation's higher value, can influence the plant normal growth, need go to reach the effect of cooling through a small amount of irrigation.
③ Intelligent irrigation mode 1
As shown in fig. 3, irrigation is performed in a manner that irrigation is performed alternately at equal time intervals of a whole area and a half area, and specific control parameters and output values are as follows:
a. the water pressure standard values required by the global irrigation form are as follows:
b. the standard water pressure value required by the semi-regional irrigation form is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-a global irrigation form required water pressure normalized value;
the output value of the corresponding variable frequency driver for controlling the irrigation pump is as follows:
a. the output value of the frequency conversion driver control irrigation water pump corresponding to the global irrigation form is as follows:
b. the output value of the irrigation water pump controlled by the variable-frequency driver corresponding to the half-area irrigation form is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-controlling output theoretical values of a variable frequency drive corresponding to global irrigation;
the duration rules for global and semi-local irrigation are: the global and the half-field alternate circulation irrigation satisfies the following relations:
therefore, the final central controller controls the output sequence of the variable frequency drive to be in the form of a group of waveforms, as shown in FIG. 4, according to the first output frequency
Signal persistence
Time, re-output frequency
Signal persistence
And time, the two are alternately output until a stop signal is input.
(intelligent irrigation mode 2)
Because intelligent mode 2 only goes to reach the effect of cooling through a small amount of irrigation, so the irrigation water yield a little can, adopt and divide the cubic, 5% of the standard irrigation water yield of irrigation at every turn, the cubic is totally carried out the mode of 15% standard irrigation water yield, still takes the form that global and half-field equal time interval go on in turn to irrigate, and satisfies following relation:
description of the drawings: the intelligent irrigation mode mainly controls the irrigation water quantity of the green belt, namely the water spraying quantity of the irrigation spray head, in order to accurately control the water spraying quantity under the conditions of covering the area of the whole green belt and saving water, because the lower the frequency of the water pump is, the lower the rotating speed of the irrigation water pump is, and the corresponding pressure and flow are naturally reduced, the working power of the irrigation water pump is controlled by adopting the variable-frequency driver, namely the water pressure of the irrigation spray head can be controlled, so that the spraying distance and the flow of the irrigation spray head can be controlled, and the system can adjust the output value of the variable-frequency driver according to the actual condition,to finally control the spraying state of the irrigation spray head, namely the spraying distance and the spraying flow; conversion coefficient between control frequency of variable frequency driver and output pressure of irrigation water pump
The pressure-flow-rate-ratio water pump is obtained by a performance curve provided by a manufacturer, the relation is a natural law of the water pump in physics and is a relatively stable relation value, the flow rate is approximately in direct proportion to the frequency, and the pressure is approximately in direct proportion to the square of the frequency. Static error compensation coefficient of variable frequency driver
Adjusting within a given value range when a variable frequency driver manufacturer dispatches from a factory to adapt to different irrigation pumps; in order to uniformly irrigate the water to the whole green belt, a global and half-domain alternative irrigation mode is adopted, so that the condition that water is unevenly distributed due to the fact that only the outer ring of the green belt is irrigated is avoided, and the global and half-domain irrigation nozzles are specifically sprayed to the areas with the distance between the outermost boundary and the half distance between the outermost boundary of the green belt; the standard irrigation water quantity of the primary irrigation of the green belt is the minimum irrigation water quantity calculated according to the area of the green belt and the density of the plants, after the primary irrigation is finished, waiting for a period of time, and if the relative humidity of soil still does not reach the minimum standard, performing secondary irrigation until the relative humidity of the soil reaches the minimum standard; because the duration of the whole domain and the half domain is a fixed value each time no matter preset or adjusted, the standard irrigation water quantity of the green belt for one-time irrigation is not necessarily completely equal to that of the green belt each time, so that the standard irrigation water quantity is expressed as approximately equal to that of the green belt, but the error of the whole domain and the half domain is +/-5%.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows: this system improves traditional artifical irrigation into intelligent irrigation system, and the water economy resource saves a large amount of manpowers, material resources, improves work efficiency, reduces various operation costs. Meanwhile, under the condition of saving water resources to the maximum extent, the optimal water source condition is provided for the plants, and the healthy growth of the plants is ensured.
Example 3
This embodiment is a simplified scheme based on the best standard scheme with the best control of the functions of embodiment 2, and aims to promote the scheme in a wide range and further reduce the matching cost.
The main simplifications are as follows:
(1) the opening and closing of the rainwater collecting port are controlled by the electromagnetic valve, and the control scheme of the part is replaced by a simplified version which also realizes the functions, namely: the principle of the automatic water drain valve adjusted by the spring tension or the balancing weight is that the valve is automatically opened after the gravity of water exceeds the closing acting force of the spring tension or the balancing weight on the valve, otherwise, the valve is automatically closed. Although the water drain valve is also installed at the bottom of the horizontal section of the drainage pipeline of the municipal road, the control link of an electromagnetic valve is omitted, the opening and the closing of the rainwater collection port are realized by adopting a pure mechanical structure, the control precision is poor, the stability and the durability of the mechanical structure are reduced, the wiring installation is simple and convenient, the later maintenance is convenient, and the like, and the water drain valve belongs to a feasible technical scheme after the balance among the cost, the later maintenance, the failure rate and the control precision.
(2) Because the control link of the electromagnetic valve is cancelled, the infrared sensor is also cancelled, the cost is further saved, and the integral failure rate of the system is reduced.
(3) The frequency conversion driver controls the irrigation water pump to be an actuator, the direct-current frequency conversion water pump in the existing mature technology is integrally replaced, but the control method and the strategy are not changed, the integral replacement has the advantages of cost saving, and more importantly, the advanced mature technology and the control advantage of the frequency conversion water pump and the later-stage additional expansion function are utilized.
The variable frequency control is performed based on a closed loop control concept. The closed-loop control is a control method of performing correction based on feedback of an output of a control target, and performs correction based on a fixed amount or a standard when a deviation between an actual value and a planned value is measured. In the closed-loop control, a control signal is taken out from the change of the output quantity and fed back to an input end as a comparison quantity to control the input quantity, and the phase of the taking-out quantity is generally opposite to that of the input quantity, so that the closed-loop control is called negative feedback control, and the industrial automatic control is generally based on a closed-loop control concept. In a simple way, the closed-loop control principle of the variable-frequency water pump is to compare an actual set target pressure value with a current actually detected pressure value, and change the difference value to approach zero through a series of function algorithms. In the variable frequency speed regulation process of the water pump equipment, when the water pressure is reduced quickly, the speed regulation process of the frequency converter is accelerated, otherwise, the speed is reduced. The variable frequency water pump has the advantages that:
the variable frequency pump is flexibly controlled: supplying water in sections, supplying water at regular time, and manually selecting a working mode;
secondly, the frequency conversion pump saves electricity: the optimized energy-saving control software enables the water pump to realize energy-saving operation to the maximum extent;
saving water by using a variable frequency pump: the pressure of the pipe network is set according to the actual water use condition, the water outlet quantity of the water pump is automatically controlled, and the water leakage and leakage phenomena are reduced;
fourthly, the variable frequency pump runs reliably: the frequency converter realizes the soft start of the pump, so that the water pump realizes the non-impact switching from power frequency to frequency conversion, thereby preventing the impact of a pipe network, avoiding the pressure of the pipe network from exceeding the limit and the breakage of a pipeline;
the self-protection function of the variable frequency pump is perfect: if a certain pump breaks down, the alarm information is actively sent to an upper computer, and meanwhile, a standby pump is started to maintain water supply balance. In case of failure of the automatic control system, the user can directly operate the manual system to protect water supply;
sixth, frequency conversion pump networking function: the frequency conversion pump adopts Chinese industrial control configuration software, and real-time each station, such as voltage, current, working frequency, pipe network pressure and flow and the like of the motor. And the power consumption of each station can be accumulated, the water output of each pump can be accumulated, and various printed reports can be provided for analysis and statistics.
(4) The soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor in the system are combined to adopt the special soil temperature and moisture sensor, so that system components and installation steps are simplified, the system cost is saved, the matching difficulty of the soil in a special working environment is reduced, the detection precision of the sensor is improved, and a foundation is laid for subsequent intelligent control.
The system adopts a professional soil temperature and moisture sensor with the model of RS-WS-N01-TR, the sensor is suitable for measuring the soil temperature and moisture, and three relation models with representative soil moisture content (theta _ v) and dielectric constant (K _ a) and the applicability of various models are analyzed by comparing various types of soil through researching the dielectric properties of several types of soil in China and analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the soil which possibly cause the difference. The test adopts the indoor filling of soil columns, different soils obtain a series of water contents from drying to saturation, and then TDR determination is carried out. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, a calibration formula of theta _ v and K _ a of eight kinds of soil is established according to the actual water content and the measured dielectric constant. The accuracy of the measured water content after correction is improved by 3-5 times compared with the accuracy of the traditional measuring method. The sensor has high precision, quick response, stable output and less influence by the salt content of the soil, and is suitable for various soil qualities. Can be buried in soil for a long time, is resistant to long-term electrolysis and corrosion, is vacuumized and encapsulated, and is waterproof and corrosion-resistant. The sensor adopts a 485 signal protocol, and the control chip adopts an imported processor 16-bit high-precision AD, so that the sampling precision and 64M master frequency are ensured, and the high-efficiency operation speed is ensured.
The buried measuring method of the soil temperature and moisture sensor comprises the following steps:
(1) vertically inserting the sensor steel needle into a pit of about 20cm, horizontally inserting the sensor steel needle into the pit, and burying and compacting;
(2) after the sensor is stable for a period of time, the long-time measurement and recording can be continued.
The key device models used in this embodiment are shown in the following table.
Compared with the prior art, the intelligent irrigation system improves the traditional artificial irrigation into an intelligent irrigation system, saves water resources, saves a large amount of manpower and material resources, improves the working efficiency and reduces various operation costs. For example, the irrigation of the expressway green isolation belt is generally carried out in the peak period of the road in the daytime, the water truck irrigation seriously influences the road traffic capacity, the road occupation time per kilometer year is 240h according to the calculation of irrigating 15 times per year and 2 shifts per time for the expressway green isolation belt at present, the road occupation time per kilometer year is equivalent to 1/36 per year, and thus the method brings great economic loss, which is only a simple conservative estimation of time cost, and various operation costs of other manpower and material resources are not calculated.
Meanwhile, the invention provides the best water source condition for the plants under the condition of saving water resources to the maximum extent, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of the plants.
The following table is a statistical table of the optimal irrigation water volume (cubic meters per mu) of a certain plant under different temperature (DEG C) and humidity (RH) conditions.
The above table also fully shows that the plants do not need irrigation at any time or need a fixed water quantity forever, but the water quantity needs are different under different temperature and humidity conditions and are related to seasons and illumination, but the most direct influence condition is the temperature and humidity of soil.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the fundamental principles of the invention and its essential features and advantages, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. An irrigation system is collected to municipal rainwater which characterized in that: the rainwater irrigation system comprises an infrared sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil humidity sensor, a solenoid valve, a variable frequency driver and a water level sensor which are all connected with a central controller, wherein the solenoid valve is connected with a rainwater collecting opening, the variable frequency driver is connected with an irrigation water pump, and the rainwater collecting opening, a water storage tank and an irrigation spray head are connected through pipelines;
the central controller is used for receiving real-time monitoring data of the infrared sensor, the soil temperature sensor, the soil humidity sensor and the water level sensor, performing calculation and analysis through a specific internal algorithm, sending an instruction to the electromagnetic valve and the variable frequency driver according to a preset control strategy, and respectively controlling the opening and closing of the rainwater collecting port and the switching and power of the irrigation water pump;
the infrared sensor is arranged right above the horizontal section of the municipal road drainage pipe in front of the rainwater collecting port and is used for detecting the rainwater level of the municipal road drainage pipe;
the soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor are buried under the soil surface layer at proper depths and are respectively used for detecting the current temperature and humidity of the soil;
the water level sensor is used for detecting the water level of the current water storage tank;
the electromagnetic valve is used for receiving an instruction of the central controller to control the opening and closing of the rainwater collecting port;
the variable frequency driver is used for receiving an instruction of the central controller to control the on-off and the power of the irrigation water pump;
the rainwater collecting port is used for collecting rainwater in the municipal road drainage pipeline and is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal section of the municipal road drainage pipeline;
the irrigation water pump is used for pumping out water in the water storage tank, and conveying the water to an irrigation spray head through a pipeline for irrigation;
the irrigation nozzles are distributed at a certain height above the half width of the municipal road green belt, and a plurality of irrigation nozzles are distributed according to the length of the green belt and are used for spraying and irrigating the green belt;
the specific internal algorithm and the preset control strategy are applied to a municipal rainwater collection and irrigation system and are controlled according to the rainwater amount in a municipal road drainage pipeline, the soil state of a green belt, the total capacity of a water storage tank and the residual capacity, and the specific control mode is as follows:
(1) rainwater collection mode
The formula of the current cross-sectional area of rainwater passing through the municipal road drainage pipeline is as follows:
firstly, when
When the utility model is used, the water is discharged,
② when
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
③ when
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-rainwater passes through the current cross-sectional area of the municipal road drainage pipeline;
the opening and closing conditions of the rainwater collecting port are as follows:
firstly, whenA 
And is and
when the rainwater collecting port is opened;
② whenA 
Or is or
When the rainwater collecting port is closed, the rainwater collecting port is closed;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-opening the cross-sectional area of the water flow corresponding to the lowest level of the rainwater collection port;
description of the drawings: where A is nearSimilar to estimation, as the current rainwater flow does not need to be accurately detected, only the condition of opening the rainwater collection port can be detected;
and
the system is preset and adjustable, and the matching adjustment can be carried out according to the road sections laid by the system, the greening area and the water storage tank capacity;
(2) intelligent irrigation mode
Intelligent irrigation starting conditions are as follows:
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 1 is started, the intelligent irrigation mode is started;
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 2 is started;
the intelligent irrigation closing condition is as follows:
when in use
When the intelligent irrigation mode 1 is closed, the intelligent irrigation mode is switched off;
when the temperature is higher than the set temperature
When the intelligent irrigation mode 2 is closed;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-the current measured relative humidity of the soil;
intelligent irrigation mode 1
The irrigation is carried out in a mode of alternately carrying out the irrigation at equal time intervals of a global area and a half area, and specific control parameters and output values are as follows:
a. the water pressure standard values required by the global irrigation form are as follows:
b. the standard water pressure value required by the semi-regional irrigation form is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-a global irrigation form required water pressure normalized value;
the output value of the corresponding variable frequency driver for controlling the irrigation pump is as follows:
a. the output value of the frequency conversion driver control irrigation water pump corresponding to the global irrigation form is as follows:
b. the output value of the irrigation water pump controlled by the variable-frequency driver corresponding to the half-area irrigation form is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
-controlling output theoretical values of a variable frequency drive corresponding to global irrigation;
the duration rules for global and semi-local irrigation are: the global and the half-field alternate circulation irrigation satisfies the following relations:
therefore, the output sequence of the variable frequency driver is controlled by the central controller to be in a group wave form according to the first output frequency
Signal persistence
Time, re-output frequency
Signal persistence
Time, the two are alternately output until a stop signal is input;
(intelligent irrigation mode 2)
Because intelligent mode 2 only goes to reach the effect of cooling through a small amount of irrigation, so the irrigation water yield a little can, adopt and divide the cubic, 5% of the standard irrigation water yield of irrigation at every turn, the cubic is totally carried out the mode of 15% standard irrigation water yield, still takes the form that global and half-field equal time interval go on in turn to irrigate, and satisfies following relation:
2. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that: the steps of the program when executed by the processor to implement the municipal rainwater collection and irrigation system of claim 1 are as follows:
(1) detecting whether rainwater flows into municipal drainage pipelines or not;
(2) if rainwater flows into municipal drainage pipelines, whether the water storage tank has residual space is checked, if so, an opening command is sent to an electromagnetic valve, and a rainwater collecting port is opened;
(3) when the water storage pool has no residual space, sending a closing command to the electromagnetic valve, and closing the rainwater collection port;
(4) detecting whether the soil temperature and humidity data exceed a set value or not, if so, sending an opening instruction and a corresponding control instruction to an irrigation water pump, controlling the irrigation water pressure, the irrigation time, the irrigation frequency and the irrigation interval time of the irrigation water pump, and carrying out irrigation operation;
(5) and after the irrigation is finished, sending a closing instruction to the irrigation water pump to finish the irrigation.
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| CN113615563A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-09 | 江苏浴普环境科技有限公司 | Urban rainwater collection, diversion and irrigation system |
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| CN104480994A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-04-01 | 陈磊 | Rainwater collecting and recycling system for urban green land and plaza |
| CN104864935A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2015-08-26 | 天津市市政工程设计研究院 | System and method for real-time monitoring of city drainage pipelines |
| KR101594280B1 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-02-17 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | Horticulture rainwater recycling system and controlling method thereof |
| KR101702599B1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-02-21 | 주식회사 헥코리아 | Supply system of sprinkle water and operating method thereof |
| CN105866005A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-08-17 | 河海大学 | Intelligent testing device for soil mass layered permeability characteristic analysis, measuring method and evaluation method |
| CN106815794A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-09 | 靳泓 | A kind of comprehensive sponge urban ecological planning managing device |
| CN107168140A (en) * | 2017-07-02 | 2017-09-15 | 武汉梦之蓝科技有限公司 | A kind of municipal highway greenbelt automatic irrigation management system based on internet-based control |
| CN207869154U (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-09-14 | 安徽新安古建园林建设股份有限公司 | A kind of Urban Parks's intelligent management system |
| CN208509794U (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-02-19 | 北京弘璟园林绿化有限公司 | It is a kind of to have hydraulic pressure intelligent irrigation device based on what landscape was irrigated |
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