CN111528031A - Method for planting triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of urban road - Google Patents
Method for planting triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of urban road Download PDFInfo
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- CN111528031A CN111528031A CN202010404410.8A CN202010404410A CN111528031A CN 111528031 A CN111528031 A CN 111528031A CN 202010404410 A CN202010404410 A CN 202010404410A CN 111528031 A CN111528031 A CN 111528031A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting a triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of an urban road, and relates to a method for planting a triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of an urban road. The invention aims to solve the problems that the current phytoremediation is slightly weak in remediation result and does not combine with urban garden landscapes, the invention selects the combination planting of the colored rape of Brassicaceae of different flower varieties, the February of Brassicaceae and the grass flower of the lupine of Leguminosae of different flower varieties with the characteristic of highly enriching heavy metals, forms colorful flower strips with landscape and beautification values in the polluted zones at two sides of the urban road, obtains ecological and social benefits, and can promote the tourism industry to increase economic benefits. The invention is applied to the fields of urban ecological restoration and landscape plant landscape construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method of a triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of an urban road.
Background
The rapid development of urban highway traffic, the highway network of the four-way and eight-reach provides solid infrastructure for people flow, traffic flow and logistics of cities, becomes the main artery of urban ecological vitality, and provides key facility support for improving the living standard of people. However, the pollution on both sides of the highway caused by the operation of a large number of motor vehicles also becomes an important component of urban environmental pollution, damages natural landscapes and urban landscaping, hinders the construction of urban appearance and harms the health of residents. The current situation of heavy metal pollution caused by automobile exhaust emission and pavement asphalt or weathering of building materials is not easy to be treated, and the closer to a highway, the higher the content of soil pollutants.
The most preferred technology for soil pollution treatment is remediation by plants. The method is a simple, quick and low-cost technology by absorbing, degrading and fixing pollutants in the growth process of plants, and most importantly, the method is beneficial and harmless to the environment and is beneficial to the protection of urban ecosystems. Many scholars around the world have gained great experience and success in this regard. However, researches show that the mechanism of action of plants on pollutants is different, so that screening of plants with the functions of stably repairing pollutants such as different heavy metals and the like and reasonable cultivation and utilization are crucial to soil remediation, and particularly for the requirement of urban garden landscape construction, garden plants which have ornamental values and can repair soil are selected for application, so that considerable ecological benefits and social benefits can be brought, the international competitiveness of modern cities can be improved, the development of tourism is promoted, the foreign exchange income of the countries is increased, and the economic benefits are increased.
However, most of the plant restoration reported by the existing research and invention adopts a single plant, the restoration result is weak, and the problem of soil pollution on two sides of a road is not comprehensively considered by combining with the urban garden landscape.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of visual fatigue and poor repairing effect of people caused by single color or improper matching when a single plant repairs polluted soil, and provides a planting method of a three-effect type flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of an urban road.
The invention relates to a planting method of a triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of an urban road, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting grass and flower plant varieties: selecting and planting colored rape flower of Cruciferae, February of Cruciferae and Lupinus Majorana of Leguminosae;
step two: selecting a repairing site: the pH value of soil in the restoration site is 5.5-7.5, and the water content of the 20cm part of the surface layer of the soil is 25-35%;
step three: and (3) the flower zone is built with a planting soil bed: ploughing and restoring soil of the field, then raking the soil, removing impurities and compacting to obtain a flower belt planting soil bed;
step four: and (3) planting and designing a flower belt: the seeds of the colored rape flower and the orychophragmus violaceus are mixed in equal amount, and then the colored rape flower and the orychophragmus violaceus are sowed in the open field on a planting soil bed of the flower zone by adopting a broadcast sowing method; then sowing lupinus comatus by adopting a hole sowing method;
step five: managing the established planting soil bed of the flower belt sowed in the fourth step;
step six: harvesting the fallen flowers in time for safe treatment.
The invention selects the varieties of the color rape of the Cruciferae, the February of the Cruciferae and the Lupinus mauritiana of the Leguminosae with different colors. The colored rape flower and the February belong to early spring flowers, the flowering period is finished before beginning summer, the colored rape flower has red, orange, pink, yellow, white and other colors, and the February is purple; the flowering phase of the lupine leaves is 6-10 months, the flower color is red, pink, blue, purple, yellow, white and the like, the leaf villus can reduce transpiration, the water input is saved, the drought resistance is strong, rhizobia is contained, the soil fertility can be effectively improved, and the fertilizer input is reduced. The three are matched and mixed to form the flower belt, so that the problems of pollution and urgent need to be solved in view can be effectively solved. The invention provides a method for planting cruciferous and leguminous ornamental flowers which can obviously enrich heavy metal in soil in a mixed way, forming a multifunctional flower zone which is bright in color and has seasonal space-time dynamics, and applying the multifunctional flower zone to two sides of an urban road, so that the heavy metal pollution of the soil is repaired while beautifying traffic space, enriching urban landscape and improving residential environment, and the visual fatigue of people caused by single color or improper matching when a single plant repairs the polluted soil is overcome; the selected plant lupin leaves not only has high ornamental value, but also can fix nitrogen and nourish the land, improve the soil fertility and reduce the economic investment; the invention has low input cost, quick effect, simple and extensive management, convenient landscape updating in time, wide application range of the selected material and capability of being widely applied to solving the problems of pollution and urgent need on landscape.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is a method for planting a triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of an urban road, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting grass and flower plant varieties: selecting and planting colored rape flower of Cruciferae, February of Cruciferae and Lupinus Majorana of Leguminosae;
step two: selecting a repairing site: the pH value of soil in the restoration site is 5.5-7.5, and the water content of the 20cm part of the surface layer of the soil is 25-35%;
step three: and (3) the flower zone is built with a planting soil bed: ploughing and restoring soil of the field, then raking the soil, removing impurities and compacting to obtain a flower belt planting soil bed;
step four: and (3) planting and designing a flower belt: the seeds of the colored rape flower and the orychophragmus violaceus are mixed in equal amount, and then the colored rape flower and the orychophragmus violaceus are sowed in the open field on a planting soil bed of the flower zone by adopting a broadcast sowing method; then sowing lupinus comatus by adopting a hole sowing method;
step five: managing the established planting soil bed of the flower belt sowed in the fourth step;
step six: harvesting the fallen flowers in time for safe treatment.
In this embodiment, the varieties of color rape of Brassicaceae, February of Brassicaceae, and Lupinus mauritiana of Leguminosae are selected. The colored rape flower and the February belong to early spring flowers, the flowering period is finished before beginning summer, the colored rape flower has red, orange, pink, yellow, white and other colors, and the February is purple; the flowering phase of the lupine leaves is 6-10 months, the flower color is red, pink, blue, purple, yellow, white and the like, the leaf villus can reduce transpiration, the water input is saved, the drought resistance is strong, rhizobia is contained, the soil fertility can be effectively improved, and the fertilizer input is reduced. The three are matched and mixed to form the flower belt, so that the problems of pollution and urgent need to be solved in view can be effectively solved. The invention provides a method for planting cruciferous and leguminous ornamental flowers which can obviously enrich heavy metal in soil in a mixed way, forming a multifunctional flower zone which is bright in color and has seasonal space-time dynamics, and applying the multifunctional flower zone to two sides of an urban road, so that the heavy metal pollution of the soil is repaired while beautifying traffic space, enriching urban landscape and improving residential environment, and the visual fatigue of people caused by single color or improper matching when a single plant repairs the polluted soil is overcome; the selected plant lupin leaves not only has high ornamental value, but also can fix nitrogen and nourish the land, improve the soil fertility and reduce the economic investment; the embodiment has the advantages of low input cost, quick response, simple and extensive management, convenience for timely landscape updating, wide application range of selected materials, and capability of being generally applied to solving the problems of pollution and urgent need on landscape.
The emergence of seedlings of the lupinus pilosus is later than that of the lupinus pilosus and the lupinus orychophragma, the growth speed of the lupinus fuliginosus and the lupinus orychophragma is higher than that of the lupinus pilosus, the mutual competition growth space is not influenced, and the loss of the lupinus pilosus with low density on the seeds of the lupinus pilosus and the lupinus orychophragma is slightly influenced and can be ignored. According to the classification standard of the second soil general survey in China, the organic matter content in the soil in the embodiment is higher than the fourth grade standard in the embodiment.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the colorful rape flower and the lupine are sown by selecting varieties with different colors. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: and in the second step, the width of the repair field is 1-2 m, and the length is more than 3 times of the width. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: and ploughing and restoring soil in the field in the third step, wherein the depth is 30-40 cm. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the planting density of the colored rape flower and the orychophragmus violaceus in the fourth step is 2.0g/m2. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: sowing is carried out in 4-5 months in the north and in 2 months in the south. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: in the fourth step, a hole sowing method is adopted to sow lupine with 2 seeds in each hole, and the sowing density is 30cm of plant-row spacing. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the management method of the fifth step is shading, covering and water spraying; thinning or replanting seedlings of the feather leaf lupin planted in the holes according to the emergence condition. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: sixthly, timely harvesting the stem and leaf parts rich in pollutants in the period of 5-6 months of the colored rape flowers and the February orchids for safe treatment; in the flowering period of 10 months, the whole plant is pulled out for safe treatment. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The following experiments were performed to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention:
example 1:
a planting method of a triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of an urban road, in particular to a technology integrating restoration of polluted soil on two sides of the urban road and landscaping, and the technical process comprises the following steps:
(1) the test site was located 30m (45 ° 44 '32 "N, 126 ° 43' 42" E) from the west of the chemical road in halbant, shogawa, black-dragon-Jiang province. The chemical engineering road is used as a main traffic road for urban and rural combination, and the flow of motor vehicles is large. Due to the migration of some chemical plants in this area in recent years, the left-over land including the soil on both sides of the road is heavily polluted. The climate type of the test point is moderate temperature zone continental monsoon climate, the winter is long and the summer is short, the annual average precipitation is 569.1mm, the winter is cold, the summer is hot, and the soil is typical northeast black loam.
(2) In 4-month middle ten days in 2018, selecting 3 (3 times of repetition) strip test areas with the length of 10m and the width of 1.5m along the parallelization working path direction, collecting 20cm soil layer mixed soil samples at multiple points, and measuring the content of heavy metal pollutants by adopting a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, wherein the test areas comprise: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr), and comparing with the background value of the Chinese soil elements to determine the pollution degree. The soil characteristics and the results of the heavy metal pollution measurements are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 soil characteristics and contamination status at test site
Note: reference is made to the book "national second soil general survey nutrient grading Standard" and "Chinese soil element background value", 1990.
(3) Preparing seeds of colored rape flowers, orychophragmus violaceus and lupin leaves, wherein the seeds are ripe, and the germination rate reaches 90%;
(4) and (3) establishing a planting flower belt soil bed: ploughing soil in a test field to a depth of 30-40 cm, finely raking the soil, removing impurities, and compacting to obtain a planting soil bed with 3 (3 times of repetition) flower zones with a length of 10m and a width of 1.5 m;
(5) sowing the flower strips in the open field in 2018 and 5 months, and sowing the flower seeds on a flower bed. Equal-amount mixed open field sowing of the colorful rape flowers and the orychophragmus violaceus seeds, wherein the sowing amount is 2g/m2The sowing depth is 1cm., and the sowing method is adopted for planting; then sowing lupinus lanuginosa in a mixed sowing land of the colored rape flowers and the orychophragmus violaceus by a hole sowing method, wherein 2 seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 2cm, and the sowing density is 30cm of row spacing;
(6) the planted flower belt is used for building a planting soil bed for daily management, and the management is simple and easy to operate. Sowing till the seedling emergence stage, and if seasonal short-term drought occurs, properly irrigating, preferably 5cm through a soil layer; during the period from seedling emergence to flowering, little watering or even no watering can be carried out, the residual flowers are cleaned regularly to keep the flowers bright, the flower strips are attractive, seasonal space-time dynamic is realized, different types of flowering phases are staggered, and the colors are bright.
(7) In 10 middle of the month in 2018, after flowers die after frost fall, harvesting the flower-falling plants in time for safety treatment. The soil sampling and detection method is the same as above and is used for detecting the soil remediation condition. Meanwhile, 3 kinds of plant stems are mixed and dried in the sun for determining the condition that the plant flower belt is rich in harmful pollutants.
Table 2. soil characteristics after remediation and enrichment of contaminants in flower stalks
Note: the letters a and b in table 2 represent the significance of the difference calculated using the SPSS software before and after the same index was repaired (P < 0.05).
According to the data in the table, the organic matter and total nitrogen content of the soil are obviously improved after the planting in the floral zone, which plays a role in the rhizosphere nitrogen fixation capacity of the lupinus majorana and the interaction between the soil. The content of various heavy metals in the soil is obviously reduced, and the soil basically reaches the standard of normal soil. The plant stalks have the capability of enriching heavy metals, and a method and guarantee can be provided for the migration of heavy metal pollution in soil.
The invention provides a planting method of a triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of an urban road. And (3) selecting a flower combination which can stably repair pollutants such as different heavy metals to repair the soil. The colored rape flower and the February belong to early spring flowers, the flowering period is finished before beginning summer, the colored rape flower has red, orange, pink, yellow, white and other colors, and the February is purple; the flowering phase of the lupine leaves is 6-10 months, the flower color is red, pink, blue, purple, yellow, white and the like, the leaf villus can reduce transpiration, the water investment is saved, the drought resistance is strong, rhizobia is contained, the nitrogen content and organic matters in soil can be effectively improved, and the fertilizer investment is reduced. The three are matched and mixed to form the flower belt, so that the problems of pollution and urgent need to be solved in view can be effectively solved. The method has the advantages that the heavy metal pollution of the soil is repaired while the traffic space is beautified, the urban landscape is enriched and the residential environment is improved, and the visual fatigue of people caused by single color or improper matching when the polluted soil is repaired by a single plant is overcome; the invention has low input cost and quick effect, can obviously reduce the heavy metal polluted by the soil through plant enrichment and recover to the pollution-free standard, and meanwhile, the plant growth process is simple and extensive in management, easy to operate, wide in application range of the selected material, and capable of being widely applied to solving the problems which are urgently needed to be solved in the aspects of soil pollution and urban landscape.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting a triple-effect flower belt in polluted areas on two sides of an urban road is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting grass and flower plant varieties: selecting and planting colored rape flower of Cruciferae, February of Cruciferae and Lupinus Majorana of Leguminosae;
step two: selecting a repairing site: the pH value of soil in the restoration site is 5.5-7.5, and the water content of the 20cm part of the surface layer of the soil is 25-35%;
step three: and (3) the flower zone is built with a planting soil bed: ploughing and restoring soil of the field, then raking the soil, removing impurities and compacting to obtain a flower belt planting soil bed;
step four: and (3) planting and designing a flower belt: the seeds of the colored rape flower and the orychophragmus violaceus are mixed in equal amount, and then the colored rape flower and the orychophragmus violaceus are sowed in the open field on a planting soil bed of the flower zone by adopting a broadcast sowing method; then sowing lupinus comatus by adopting a hole sowing method;
step five: managing the established planting soil bed of the flower belt sowed in the fourth step;
step six: harvesting the fallen flowers in time for safe treatment.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the colored rape flower and lupin leaf are sown in different flower color.
3. The planting method of the triple-effect flower belt in the polluted areas on the two sides of the urban road according to claim 1, wherein the width of the repair field in the second step is 1-2 m, and the length of the repair field is more than 3 times of the width of the repair field.
4. The planting method of the triple-effect flower belt in the polluted areas on two sides of the urban road according to claim 1, wherein soil in the repair field is ploughed in the third step, and the depth is 30-40 cm.
5. The method for planting the triple-effect type flower belt in the polluted areas on two sides of the urban road as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting density of the colored rape flower and the orychophragmus violaceus in the fourth step is 2.0g/m2。
6. The planting method of the triple-effect flower belt in the polluted areas on two sides of the urban road as claimed in claim 1, wherein seeding is performed in 4-5 months in the north and in 2 months in the south.
7. The method for planting the triple-effect flower belt in the polluted areas on two sides of the urban road according to claim 1, wherein the lupine is sowed in holes in the fourth step by a hole sowing method, wherein 2 seeds are sowed in each hole, and the sowing density is 30cm of row spacing.
8. The planting method of the triple-effect type flower belt in the polluted areas at the two sides of the urban road according to claim 1, wherein the management method in the fifth step is shading covering and water spraying; thinning or replanting seedlings of the feather leaf lupin planted in the holes according to the emergence condition.
9. The planting method of the triple-effect type flower belt in the polluted areas on two sides of the urban road according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, in the period of 5-6 months of the colored rape flower and the february flower, stem and leaf parts rich in pollutants are harvested and subjected to safe treatment; in the flowering period of 10 months, the whole plant is pulled out for safe treatment.
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| CN102396329A (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-04-04 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Wild flower combined sowing and caring method |
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2020
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| CN102396329A (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-04-04 | 北京林大林业科技股份有限公司 | Wild flower combined sowing and caring method |
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Application publication date: 20200814 |