CN111521362A

CN111521362A - Slope vibration table model test device and method considering degradation of hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass

Info

Publication number: CN111521362A
Application number: CN202010383319.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘新荣; 许彬; 黄俊辉; 蔺广义; 王继文; 周小涵; 韩亚峰; 王林枫; 熊飞; 缪露莉; 邓志云; 尹志明; 杜立兵
Original assignee: Chongqing University
Current assignee: Chongqing University
Priority date: 2020-05-08
Filing date: 2020-05-08
Publication date: 2020-08-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-08
Also published as: CN111521362B

Abstract

The invention relates to a slope vibration table model test device and method considering the degradation of a hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass, and belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering. The device includes mold box system, water circulating system and survey position frame system, and wherein, the mold box system includes mold box bottom steel sheet, mold box middle part frame case, mold box upper portion steelframe, the transparent toughened glass in mold box upper portion and mold box back steel sheet, and water circulating system includes small-size storage water tank, inlet tube, large-scale storage water tank, outlet pipe and water pump, and the position frame system includes steel grudging post, portable steel span beam and portable rod iron. The method comprises the steps of assembling a model box system, building a slope model, hoisting the model box system, assembling a water circulation system, assembling a position measuring frame system, debugging equipment, starting the water circulation system and loading seismic waves. The invention can be matched with the existing equipment without obstacles, and has the design advantages of visualization, disassembly, compact structure, wide application range and the like.

Description

Slope vibration table model test device and method considering degradation of hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering, and relates to a slope vibration table model test device and method considering the degradation of a hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass.

Background

Generally speaking, an indoor vibration table model test is an effective way for exploring the damage and damage evolution process of the slope rock mass in the reservoir area under the action of earthquake load, and meanwhile, the slope rock mass is subjected to degradation phenomena with different degrees in reservoir water level amplitude variation zones (fluctuation zones) due to the influence of periodic fluctuation of reservoir water, so that the long-term stability of the slope is threatened potentially. Therefore, the influence of the degradation of the rock mass of the side slope hydro-fluctuation belt on the dynamic stability of the side slope is fully considered, and the method has important theoretical and practical significance on the construction of the reservoir side slope engineering. At present, indoor vibration table model tests considering reservoir area hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass degradation are rarely developed, the box walls of a traditional model box system are mostly formed by mutually welding non-transparent metal plates, and meanwhile, a displacement measurement matching device is immature; on one hand, the method is not beneficial to observing, monitoring and recording the damage evolution process of the slope rock mass in the earthquake load application process in real time, and restrains visual evaluation and further deep analysis of the damage evolution characteristics of the slope rock mass to a certain extent, and on the other hand, the method is difficult to accurately measure the slope displacement of the specified position of the slope due to poor activity of the displacement measurement matching device. In view of this, there is a need for a novel visual and movable model box system with reasonable design and simple operation, and a corresponding water circulation system matching device and a displacement measurement system matching device, so as to facilitate carrying, disassembling the model box system and building a slope model, and simultaneously simulate the flowing state of river water in a reservoir area to consider the degradation of the rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt, and accurately measure the displacement of the slope mass at the designated position of the slope, thereby further perfecting the slope vibration table model test device and method in the existing geotechnical engineering field, which consider the degradation of the rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a slope vibration table model test apparatus and method considering the degradation of a hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a slope vibration table model test device considering the degradation of a hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass comprises a model box system C1, a water circulation system C2 and a position measuring frame system C3;

the model box system C1 is formed by combining a model box bottom steel plate C4, a model box middle frame box C5, a model box upper steel frame C6, model box upper transparent toughened glass C7 and a model box back steel plate C8, the water circulation system C2 is formed by combining a small-sized water storage tank C9, a water inlet pipe C10, a large-sized water storage tank C11, a water outlet pipe C12 and a water pump C13, and the positioning frame system C3 is formed by combining a steel vertical frame C14, a movable steel span beam C15 and a movable steel bar C16.

Optionally, the model box bottom steel plate C4 is a rectangular long steel plate welded to the bottom of the model box, and the steel plate is provided with equal-diameter screw holes at certain intervals around the steel plate; the steel plate C4 at the bottom of the model box and the table top of the vibration table are tightly connected into a whole through high-strength bolts so as to ensure that the model box system C1 and the table top of the vibration table vibrate synchronously;

the middle frame box C5 of the model box is a hollow cuboid frame structure formed by welding and combining rectangular steel plates, the upper surface and the lower surface of the middle frame box are open, long rectangular steel plates are welded on two sides of the long edge of the top surface of the middle frame box, and screw holes with equal diameters are arranged at certain intervals; tightly fixing the middle box C5 and the bottom steel plate C4 of the model box into a whole by welding; in addition, the lower parts of the strip rectangular steel plates at the two sides of the long edge of the top surface, which are close to the right end, are respectively provided with three hollow cylindrical connectors, and the total six connectors at the two sides extend out for a certain length to be respectively used for connecting a water inlet pipe C10 and a water outlet pipe C12;

the upper steel frame C6 of the model box is a trapezoidal frame structure formed by welding and combining equal-edge angle steel, and the left side and the right side of the model box are connected into a whole by welding the equal-edge angle steel to play a role in reinforcement; equal-diameter screw holes are arranged at two sides of the left side angle steel, one side of the right side angle steel and one side of the lower side angle steel at certain intervals; one side of the lower side angle steel of the upper steel frame C6 of the model box is tightly connected with the long rectangular steel plates on the two sides of the long side of the top surface of the middle frame box C5 of the model box into a whole through high-strength bolts;

the transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box is a trapezoidal visual toughened glass plate connected to the inner side of a steel frame C6 on the upper part of the model box, and screw holes with equal diameter are arranged at the left side and the right side of the visible toughened glass plate at certain intervals; the left and right sides of transparent toughened glass C7 at the upper part of the model box are tightly connected with one side of angle steel at the left and right sides of a steel frame C6 at the upper part of the model box into a whole through high-strength bolts;

the model box back steel plate C8 is a rectangular long steel plate connected to the back of the model box system, and screw holes with equal diameter are arranged at both sides of the long side of the rectangular long steel plate at certain intervals; and the steel plate C8 at the back of the model box and the left side angle iron edge of the steel frame C6 at the upper part of the model box are tightly connected into a whole through high-strength bolts.

Optionally, the small-sized water storage tank C9 is an internal hollow rectangular box structure formed by welding and combining rectangular steel plates, and the top surface of the internal hollow rectangular box structure is open; the small-sized water storage tank C9 is provided with three hollow cylindrical connectors at the position close to the top surface and a hollow cylindrical connector at the position close to the top corresponding to the small-sized water storage tank C9, and the four connectors at the front and the rear extend out for a certain length to be respectively used for connecting the water inlet pipe C10 and the water outlet of the water pump C13;

the water inlet pipe C10 is a water circulation flow channel formed by a PVC soft plastic pipe, one end of the water inlet pipe C10 is connected with three hollow cylindrical connectors at one side of the small-sized water storage tank C9 close to the top surface, and the other end of the water inlet pipe C10 is connected with three hollow cylindrical connectors at the lower part close to the right end of a long strip rectangular steel plate at one side of the long side of the top surface of the middle frame box C5 of the;

the large-scale water storage tank C11 is an internal hollow rectangular box-type structure formed by welding and combining rectangular steel plates, the top surface of the internal hollow rectangular box-type structure is open, and the water pump C13 is placed at the bottom of the large-scale water storage tank; in addition, one side of the large-scale water storage tank C11 is provided with three hollow cylindrical connectors close to the top surface, and the three hollow cylindrical connectors all extend out for a certain length to be used for connecting a water outlet pipe C12;

the water outlet pipe C12 is a water circulation flow channel formed by a PVC soft plastic pipe, one end of the water outlet pipe C12 is connected to one side of the large water storage tank C11 and is provided with three hollow cylindrical connectors close to the top surface, and the other end of the water outlet pipe C12 is connected to the three hollow cylindrical connectors close to the right end below the long strip rectangular steel plate on one side of the long edge of the top surface of the middle frame box C5 of the model box;

the water pump C13 is a water circulation power device arranged at the bottom of the large water storage tank C11, water in the large water storage tank C11 flows from a water inlet of the water pump C13 to a water outlet and then enters the small water storage tank C9, then flows into the middle frame box C5 of the model box through a water inlet pipe C10 at one side of the small water storage tank C9, and finally flows back to the large water storage tank C11 through a water outlet pipe C12 at one side of the middle frame box C5 of the model box.

Optionally, the steel stand C14 is a trapezoidal frame structure formed by welding and combining a cylindrical steel bar, a long rectangular steel plate and a square steel plate, and equal-diameter screw holes are arranged at certain intervals on one side of the long rectangular steel plate in the middle of the trapezoidal frame;

the movable steel span beam C15 is a movable long rectangular steel plate with a screw hole at the center and two ends respectively, and the movable steel span beam C15 and the steel stand C14 are tightly connected into a whole through the respective screw hole and a series screw according to the actual arrangement requirement;

the movable steel bar C16 is a movable cylindrical steel bar for fixing the displacement sensor, one end of the movable cylindrical steel bar contains a thread with a certain length and penetrates through a central screw hole of a movable steel span beam C15; the movable steel bar C16 and the movable steel span beam C15 are tightly connected into a whole through respective threads and screw holes according to actual arrangement requirements; the first movable steel bar at the top is L-shaped, and one end of the first movable steel bar extending out vertically is used for installing a displacement sensor for measuring vertical deformation.

The slope vibrating table model test method based on the device and considering the degradation of the rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation in the early stage of the test: according to the test background, carrying out on-site investigation and carrying out an indoor conventional physical and mechanical property test; further designing the working condition and loading scheme of the slope model; selecting a test site, and cleaning up impurities on the table top of the vibration table; determining that test systems such as a vibration table loading system, a data acquisition system, a computer system and the like work normally; independently designing a model box system C1, a water circulation system C2 and a position measuring frame system C3, and processing and forming by depending on manufacturers;

(2) assembly mold box system C1: firstly, stably placing a model box bottom steel plate C4 and a model box middle frame box C5 which are welded into a whole on the ground; then, mounting the upper steel frame C6 of the model box on long rectangular steel plates at two sides of a middle frame box C5 of the model box through bolt connection; then installing transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box on the inner side of a steel frame C6 on the upper part of the model box through bolt connection; finally, mounting a steel plate C8 at the back of the model box on one side of a steel frame C6 at the upper part of the model box through bolt connection;

(3) processing a model box boundary effect;

(4) building a slope model;

(5) embedding an acceleration sensor and a soil pressure sensor;

(6) hoisting the model box system C1: after the built and molded side slope model is kept stand for 24 hours in a natural state, a portal frame is adopted, the portal frame is provided with a steel wire rope with enough strength, a model box system C1 with the built-in side slope model is slowly hoisted to the table top of a vibration table, and a steel plate C4 at the bottom of the model box is in stable contact with the table top of the vibration table; the high-strength bolts are adopted to tightly connect the model box system C1 and the vibration table top into a whole, and synchronous motion of the model box system C1 and the vibration table top is ensured in the test process; then, a layer of color stripe cloth is laid on the table top of the vibrating table in front of the slope surface of the slope model, and the block slag which is collapsed in the vibrating process of the slope model is prevented from falling into a hydraulic frame pit groove below the table top of the vibrating table;

(7) assembled water circulation system C2: placing a small water storage tank C9 and a large water storage tank C11 on the ground at the rear side of a model box system C1 and keeping a proper distance, and connecting the small water storage tank C9, a water inlet pipe C10, a middle frame box C5 of the model box, a water outlet pipe C12, the large water storage tank C11 and a water pump C13 placed at the bottom of the water storage tank into a whole, wherein a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) soft plastic pipe does not touch other devices;

(8) assembling a position measuring frame system C3 and installing a displacement sensor;

(9) data acquisition line connection and acquisition system debugging: connecting the lead wires of the acceleration sensor, the soil pressure sensor and the displacement sensor with a channel port of a data acquisition instrument, and debugging the data acquisition system, including setting and inputting parameters, so as to meet the test requirements of the test;

(10) starting a water circulation system C2: injecting water into the small-sized water storage tank C9, the large-sized water storage tank C11 and the middle frame box C5 of the model box until the water level reaches the cylindrical interface holes of the small-sized water storage tank C11 and the middle frame box C5 of the model box, and then starting the water pump C13 to enable the water circulation system C2 to start running so as to simulate the flowing state of river water;

(11) seismic wave loading: after the water circulation system C2 runs for a period of time and the water surface flow in the middle frame box C5 of the model box is in a stable state, exciting the slope model according to a seismic wave loading scheme and collecting test data; taking the loading times of 50 times or 20 times as a seismic wave loading sequence from the micro-seismic action stage to the strong seismic action stage, and loading the next seismic wave at an interval of 1-2 min after each loading sequence is finished; in the process, the position, the number, the length, the depth, the development direction, the extension direction and the through starting and stopping direction of cracks/seams generated by the slope model are observed, shot, measured and recorded in a close range, and the information of damage, instability and destruction of the dislocation amount, bending, breaking, collapse, falling blocks and slippage between rock strata is obtained;

(12) after the slope model of a test working condition is completely destroyed, terminating the earthquake wave loading, closing each system switch and disconnecting the power supply; observing, shooting, measuring and recording the final damage form and deformation information of the slope model in a close range, storing and copying test data in a data acquisition system and collecting related data shot and recorded in the whole test process; detaching the lead wires of the displacement sensor on the position finding rack system C3, the lead wires of the acceleration sensor and the soil pressure sensor at the passage opening of the data acquisition instrument, and moving the position finding rack system C3 to a spacious position; detaching a water inlet pipe C10 and a water outlet pipe C12 at the interfaces at the two sides of the middle frame box C5 of the model box, and pumping water in the middle frame box C5 of the model box; after the transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box and the steel plate C8 on the back part of the model box are disassembled, the slope model masonry in the model box is cleaned, the acceleration sensor and the soil pressure sensor are taken out, and finally rock and soil mass slag falling on the color stripe cloth is cleaned and a test site is cleaned;

(13) and (5) repeating the steps (2) to (12), continuing to carry out the vibration table model test under other test working conditions until all test working conditions are completed, and integrating relevant test data of all test working conditions so as to carry out deep analysis on the test working conditions at a later stage.

Optionally, the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:

(3.1) the selected model box is a fixed-wall rigid box, the integral rigidity of the model box is higher, the boundary effect brought by the rigid box is more prominent, reflected waves existing in the rigid wall of the model box can have certain influence on the dynamic response change of a slope body, and certain measures are needed to be taken to treat the rigid wall of the model box so as to reduce the influence of the boundary effect;

(3.2) the method commonly used for processing the boundary effect of the rigid model box is to paste a certain thickness of wave-absorbing material on the surface of the rigid wall of the model box, and the wave-absorbing material generally requires a larger damping ratio and rigidity for preventing the generation of excessive deformation;

(3.3) selecting a polystyrene plastic foam plate with the thickness of 45mm as a wave absorbing material, closely attaching the polystyrene plastic foam plate to the surface of the rigid wall of a middle frame box C5 of the model box to reduce the boundary effect generated by the rigid wall of the model box, and meanwhile, sticking a smooth and clean polyvinyl chloride plastic film on the surface of the polystyrene plastic foam plate in contact with the side slope model, smearing lubricating oil on the surface of the polystyrene plastic foam plate to reduce the influence of the frictional resistance existing between the polystyrene plastic foam plate and the contact surface of the side slope model on the test;

(3.4) similarly, a smooth and clean polyvinyl chloride plastic film is stuck on the surface of the transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box, and lubricating oil is smeared on the surface.

Optionally, the step (4) specifically includes the following steps:

(4.1) building a slope model in a model box body, wherein the basic building principle is 'layering compaction from bottom to top';

(4.2) calculating the consumption of the similar materials required for building each layer of rock mass according to the geometric dimension of each rock stratum of the slope model and the optimal proportion and density value of the similar materials, so as to calculate the consumption of each similar material raw material required for preparing each layer of rock mass;

(4.3) weighing the weight of each similar material raw material required for preparing each layer of rock mass by using an electronic scale according to the calculation result; in the processes of weighing and stirring similar material raw materials and building slope rock masses, the weight of each raw material is increased during each weighing process, so that the weight of each raw material has enough surplus, the continuity and the uniformity of building each layer of rock mass are ensured, and the condition that similar materials are prepared for building each layer of slope rock mass for many times is avoided;

(4.4) mixing various similar material raw materials together according to the weighing result, and stirring the mixed dry materials to be in a uniform state by using a small-sized stirrer; firstly, adding glycerin and a gypsum retarder into tap water, stirring the mixture to be in a uniform state by using a glass rod, then adding the mixed solution into the mixed dry material for several times, and finally stirring the mixed solution and the mixed dry material to be in a uniform state by adopting a manual stirring mode;

(4.5) shoveling the prepared similar materials into a middle frame box C5 of the model box for a plurality of times, compacting the materials in layers by using a compaction hammer to a designed position and compactness, trimming the surface of the materials by using a manual spatula, and detecting the flatness by using a horizontal ruler; measuring the compacted thickness of each similar material by using a steel ruler and making a striking mark;

(4.6) compacting in layers to a design position and compactness by using compaction hammers, wherein the design position is a position for delineating the rock stratum outlines of hard rock and argillaceous soft rock on transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model before building; in order to ensure the compaction effect, the compaction thickness of the hard rock mass similar material is 50-100 mm each time, and the compaction thickness of the argillaceous soft rock mass similar material is 20-50 mm each time;

(4.7) before the similar material is initially solidified, cutting orthogonal secondary joints with equal depth and equal spacing in the direction perpendicular to the rock mass structural plane by adopting a thin steel sheet with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the thickness multiplied by 400mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 2 mm; 1/2 with equal spacing, wherein the cutting depth and the cutting spacing are structural plane spacing; the rock mass structural surface is in a sawtooth-shaped fluctuation form, and the surface of the rock mass structural surface is trimmed by a manual spatula to form a regular sawtooth-shaped fluctuation form;

(4.8) uniformly spreading a layer of dry quartz sand with a fine particle size and a thickness of about 1mm on a rock mass structure surface by adopting a steel wire mesh screen, then manually and uniformly spreading a layer of dry mica sheet with a thickness of about 1mm, and manually and smoothly finishing the plane where the quartz sand and the mica sheet are located;

and (4.9) after the building of each layer of rock mass is finished and basically reaches a stable state, repeating the steps (4.1) - (4.8), and continuing building the next layer of rock mass until the slope model reaches the design height.

Optionally, the step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:

(5.1) in order to obtain the acceleration response condition of the slope rock mass in each damage stage, embedding acceleration sensors in certain positions of the slope inside, the slope top, the slope shoulder, the slope surface and the slope foot of the slope model; in order to obtain the stress transmission condition of the slope rock mass at each damage stage, soil pressure sensors are buried in the slope, the top of the slope, the shoulder of the slope, the slope surface and the foot of the slope in the slope model at certain positions;

(5.2) embedding the acceleration sensor in the slope in the process of building the slope model; selecting a PVC plastic pipe with the inner diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the head part of the acceleration sensor, nesting the acceleration sensor in the PVC plastic pipe, and sticking the top surface of the head part of the acceleration sensor and the PVC plastic pipe on the surface of a square thin plastic sheet by using 502 glue to prevent the acceleration sensor from being damaged due to compression; sealing the interface of the acceleration sensor and the lead thereof by using a transparent adhesive tape to prevent the acceleration sensor from being damaged by water; the lead of the acceleration sensor is laid in a snake-shaped direction in a slope, and the lead is ensured to have enough margin so as to avoid the damage and failure of the acceleration sensor caused by over-limit pressure or pulling force caused by the sliding and collapsing damage of a slope rock body in the building process of a slope model or in the later period; embedding the slope top, the slope shoulder, the slope surface and the slope toe acceleration sensors after the side slope model is built and formed; when the slope top and the slope shoulder acceleration sensors are buried, 502 glue is used for adhering the top surface of the head of the acceleration sensor to the surface of the square thin steel sheet, the square thin steel sheet is vertically inserted into the designed positions of the slope top and the slope shoulder to a certain depth, and meanwhile gypsum is used for reinforcing the periphery of the square thin steel sheet so as to ensure the embedding stability of the square thin steel sheet; when the slope and toe acceleration sensors are buried, a PVC plastic pipe with the same diameter as the head of the acceleration sensor is adopted to be stably inserted into the slope and a certain depth of the slope angle design position in a continuous rotating and progressive mode, a regular circular hole (needing manual trimming) is formed after the PVC plastic pipe is slowly pulled out, the acceleration sensor is stably placed in, and the outlet of the hole is filled with gypsum to ensure the embedding stability of the acceleration sensor; in the same way, the lead of the acceleration sensor has enough redundancy;

(5.3) burying soil pressure sensors in the slope, at the top of the slope, at the shoulders, at the slope surface and at the foot of the slope in the building process of the slope model; before embedding the soil pressure sensor, uniformly coating 703 silicon rubber on the outer ring surface of a pressure-bearing membrane in front of the soil pressure sensor and a lead joint thereof, standing for about 1 hour, and then wrapping and sealing the soil pressure sensor by using a polyvinyl chloride plastic film; when the soil pressure sensor is embedded, a polyvinyl chloride plastic film wrapping the sealed soil pressure sensor is disassembled, according to the arrangement condition of the soil pressure sensor, an annular groove with the diameter equal to that of the soil pressure sensor and the depth larger than the thickness of the soil pressure sensor is dug by a hole digging device at the position of the soil pressure sensor to be embedded, the bottom of the annular groove is flattened by fine-grain-diameter dry quartz sand and compacted by a small-sized rammer, then the soil pressure sensor is placed in the groove, the bearing membrane surface is upward, the fine-grain-diameter dry quartz sand is uniformly spread until the annular groove is completely filled, the fine-grain-diameter dry quartz sand on the top surface of the annular groove is compacted by the small-sized rammer, and the annular groove is manually flattened; the lead of the soil pressure sensor is laid in a snake-shaped direction in a slope, and the lead is ensured to have enough margin so as to avoid the damage and failure of the soil pressure sensor caused by over-limit pressure or pulling force caused by the sliding and collapsing damage of a slope rock body in the building process of a slope model or in the later period; particularly, in the whole process from the embedding completion of each soil pressure sensor to the building and forming of the slope model, the soil pressure sensors need to be protected, the compaction force of each layer of rock mass needs to be controlled in a proper range, and meanwhile, the leads of the soil pressure sensors do not need to be pulled randomly.

Optionally, the step (8) specifically includes the following steps:

(8.1) stably placing two steel stands C14 on the ground on two sides in front of a model box system C1, connecting the two steel stands into a whole through threads at two ends of a movable steel span beam C15 and screw holes in the steel stand C14 according to actual position requirements, and connecting the movable steel span beam C15 and the movable steel span beam C15 into a whole through threads at the end of a movable steel rod C16 and screw holes in the center of the movable steel span beam C15; the L-shaped movable steel bar C16 is arranged on the uppermost movable steel span beam C15, and the rest movable steel bars C16 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom according to the length;

(8.2) in order to obtain the deformation development condition of the slope rock mass at each damage stage, arranging displacement sensors at certain positions in the range of the top, shoulder, slope and toe of the slope model, and mounting the main structure of the displacement sensors at the end of the movable steel bar C16 without threads to enable the pointer of the displacement sensors to face corresponding displacement monitoring points arranged on the slope model;

(8.3) when the displacement sensor at the top of the slope is installed, horizontally inserting the square thin steel sheet into a certain depth of the designed position of the slope top inclined plane, reinforcing the contact position of the square thin steel sheet and the slope top inclined plane by using gypsum to ensure the embedding stability of the square thin steel sheet, and firmly installing the displacement sensor on a first movable steel bar C16 at the upper part of a position measuring frame system C3 in a direction perpendicular to the square thin steel sheet after the square thin steel sheet is stabilized; when the displacement sensors in the range of the slope shoulder, the slope surface and the slope toe are installed, the square thin steel sheet is vertically inserted into the slope shoulder, the slope surface and the slope toe at a certain depth of the designed position of the slope surface, and the other installation methods are consistent with those of the slope top; and finally, adjusting the position of the movable steel bar C16 by rotating the screw thread to ensure that the pointer needle of the displacement sensor is in close contact with the surface of the square thin steel sheet.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the slope vibration table model test device considering the degradation of the rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt has the advantages of visualization and adjustability, overcomes the defects of non-transparent all-metal of the traditional model box system to a certain extent, can visually and accurately observe, monitor and record the slope rock mass damage and damage evolution process in the vibration process through the transparent toughened glass window, overcomes the defect that the traditional model box system is not movable to a certain extent, and can more conveniently carry out the building and the disassembly of a slope model and the transportation of the model box system by adjusting all components of the model box system.

(2) The slope vibrating table model test device considering the degradation of the hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass has a water circulation system, can simulate the flowing state of river water more truly, overcomes the defect that the traditional model box system cannot introduce water flow to a certain extent, and fully considers the influence of the degradation of the rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir bank and the seismic coupling effect on the stability of the slope.

(3) The side slope vibration table model test device considering the degradation of the rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt is not only matched with a mature detachable displacement measurement system to accurately measure the deformation of a certain position of a side slope top, a slope shoulder, a slope surface and a slope foot in a certain range, but also has the design advantages of compact structure, convenience in carrying, simplicity in operation and the like.

(4) The slope vibration table model test device and method considering the degradation of the rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt can be matched with the existing test systems such as a vibration table loading system, a data acquisition system and a computer system without obstacles, and the slope vibration table model test device and method considering the degradation of the rock mass in the hydro-fluctuation belt in the field of geotechnical engineering are improved to a certain extent.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.

Drawings

For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a side slope vibration table model test device considering the degradation of a hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a slope vibration table model test device considering the degradation of a hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass in an embodiment of the invention, which is matched with the existing equipment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a mold box system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a water circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a position measuring rack system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a mold box bottom steel plate and its plan geometry according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a middle box and its plan geometry of a mold box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the upper steel frame of the mold box and its plan geometry according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the transparent tempered glass on the upper part of the mold box and its planar geometry according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a mold box back steel plate and its planar geometry according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a compact water storage tank and its planar geometry according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a large storage tank and its planar geometry according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic drawing of a steel stand and its plan geometry according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic drawing of a movable steel span beam and its planar geometry according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a movable steel bar and its planar geometry according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals: c1-model box system; C2-Water circulation System; c3-position finder rack system; c4-mold box bottom steel plate; c5-middle box of model box; c6-model box upper steel frame; c7-transparent toughened glass on the upper part of the model box; c8-mold box back steel plate; C9-Small Water storage tank; c10-water inlet pipe; C11-Large Water storage tank; c12-water outlet pipe; C13-Water Pump; C14-Steel Stand; c15-movable steel span beam; C16-Movable Steel Bar.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.

The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

The present embodiment provides a side slope vibration table model test apparatus (unit: mm) considering the degradation of the rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt as shown in fig. 1 to 15, comprising a model box system C1, a water circulation system C2 and a positioning frame system C3, wherein the model box system C1 is formed by combining a model box bottom steel plate C4, a model box middle frame C5, a model box upper steel frame C6, model box upper transparent tempered glass C7 and a model box back steel plate C8, the water circulation system C2 is formed by combining a small water storage tank C9, a water inlet pipe C10, a large water storage tank C11, a water outlet pipe C12 and a water pump C13, and the positioning frame system C3 is formed by combining a steel upright frame C14, a movable steel span C15 and a movable steel rod C16.

The model box bottom steel plate C4 is a rectangular long steel plate welded to the bottom of the model box (as shown in fig. 6), the geometric dimensions of the plane are length × width × thickness of 1200mm × 600mm × 5mm, screw holes with equal diameter are arranged at certain intervals around the steel plate, the interval distance in the long side direction is 180mm, the interval distance in the short side direction is 160mm, and the aperture is 10 mm; the steel plate C4 at the bottom of the model box is tightly connected with the table top of the vibration table into a whole through high-strength bolts so as to ensure that the upper structure of the model box system and the table top of the vibration table vibrate synchronously.

The middle frame box C5 is a hollow cuboid frame structure (as shown in FIG. 7) formed by welding and combining rectangular steel plates, the geometric dimension of the outer frame plane is 1010mm × 310mm × 400mm, the geometric dimension of the inner frame plane is 1000mm × 300mm × 400mm, and the upper and lower surfaces of the middle frame box are open; long rectangular steel plates are welded on two sides of the long side of the top surface of a middle frame box C5 of the model box, the geometrical size of the plane of the long rectangular steel plates is that the length is multiplied by the width and multiplied by the thickness is 805mm multiplied by 27mm multiplied by 5mm, screw holes with equal diameter are arranged at certain intervals, the interval distance is 150mm, and the aperture is 10 mm; the lower parts, close to the right end, of the long rectangular steel plates on the two sides of the long side of the top surface of the middle frame box C5 of the model box respectively comprise three hollow cylindrical connectors, the inner diameter of the connectors is 18mm, the outer diameter of the connectors is 20mm, the total six connectors on the two sides extend out for a certain length to be respectively used for connecting a water inlet pipe C10 and a water outlet pipe C12, and the extending section length of the connectors is 25 mm; middle mold box C5 is tightly fixed to mold box bottom steel plate C4 by welding.

The upper steel frame C6 of the model box is a trapezoid frame structure (as shown in figure 8) formed by welding and combining equal-edge angle steels, the geometric dimensions of the outer frame plane are that the upper bottom length is 500mm, the lower bottom length is 800mm, the left side waist length is 1000mm, the right side waist length is 1044mm, and the geometric dimensions of the equal-edge angle steel plane are that the side length is multiplied by the side length by the thickness is 30mm multiplied by 3 mm; the left side and the right side of a steel frame C6 at the upper part of the model box are connected into a whole through welding equal-edge angle steel to play a role in reinforcement, and the distance between the position of the steel frame C6 and the upper side and the position of the steel frame C6 are 455 mm; equal-diameter screw holes are arranged at two sides of left side angle steel of a steel frame C6 at the upper part of the model box at certain intervals, wherein the interval distance of one side of the left side angle steel is 60mm (except the interval distance between the 8 th screw hole and the 9 th screw hole from top to bottom is 120 mm), the aperture is 10mm, and the interval distance of the other side of the left side angle steel is 250mm and the aperture is 5 mm; equal-diameter screw holes are arranged at one side of the right angle steel of the steel frame C6 at the upper part of the model box at certain intervals, the interval distance is 250mm, and the aperture is 5 mm; equal-diameter screw holes are arranged at one side of the lower side angle steel of the steel frame C6 at the upper part of the model box at certain intervals, the interval distance is 150mm, and the aperture is 10 mm; one side of the lower side angle steel of the model box upper steel frame C6 is tightly connected with the long rectangular steel plates on the two sides of the long side of the top surface of the model box middle frame box C5 into a whole through high-strength bolts.

The transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box is a trapezoidal visual toughened glass plate (shown in figure 9) connected to the inner side of a steel frame C6 on the upper part of the model box, and the upper bottom length, the lower bottom length, the left side waist length, the right side waist length and the thickness of the visible toughened glass plate are 500mm, 800mm, 1000mm and 2mm respectively in plane geometric dimension; the left side and the right side of transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box are provided with screw holes with equal diameter at certain intervals, the interval distance is 250mm, and the aperture is 5 mm; the left and right sides of transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box are tightly connected with one side of angle steel on the left and right sides of a steel frame C6 on the upper part of the model box into a whole through high-strength bolts.

The mold box back steel plate C8 is a rectangular long steel plate (as shown in fig. 10) connected to the mold box back, and its planar geometric dimensions are 1000mm × 364mm × 5 mm; equal-diameter screw holes are arranged at two sides of the long side of the steel plate at certain intervals, the interval distance is 60mm (except the interval distance between the 8 th screw hole and the 9 th screw hole from top to bottom is 120 mm), and the aperture is 10 mm; and a model box back steel plate C8 and one side of left angle steel of a model box upper steel frame C6 are tightly connected into a whole through a high-strength screw.

The small-sized water storage tank C9 is an internal hollow rectangular box-shaped structure (as shown in fig. 11) formed by welding and combining rectangular steel plates, the geometrical size of the plane of the small-sized water storage tank C9 is 400mm multiplied by 500mm, and the upper surface of the small-sized water storage tank C9 is open; the small-sized water storage tank C9 comprises three hollow cylindrical connectors at the position close to the top surface, wherein the inner diameter of the three hollow cylindrical connectors is 18mm, the outer diameter of the three hollow cylindrical connectors is 20mm, the center of the three hollow cylindrical connectors is 340mm away from the bottom surface, and the position close to the top surface and corresponding to the three hollow cylindrical connectors at the position close to the top surface have the inner diameter of 18mm, the outer diameter of 20mm and the center of the three hollow cylindrical connectors is; and the four joints of the front and the rear extend out for a certain length to be respectively used for connecting the water inlet pipe C10 and the water outlet of the water pump C13, and the length of the extending section is 30 mm.

The water inlet pipe C10 is a water circulation flow channel (as shown in figure 4) formed by PVC soft plastic pipes, the inner diameter of the water inlet pipe C10 is 18mm, and the length of the water inlet pipe C10 is selected according to actual use; one end of the water inlet pipe C10 is connected to three hollow cylindrical connectors at one side of the small-sized water storage tank C9 close to the top surface, and the other end is connected to three hollow cylindrical connectors at the lower part of the long rectangular steel plate at one side of the long side of the top surface of the middle frame box C5 of the model box close to the right end.

The large-scale water storage tank C11 is an internal hollow rectangular box-shaped structure (as shown in figure 12) formed by welding and combining rectangular steel plates, the geometrical size of the plane of the large-scale water storage tank C11 is that the length is multiplied by the width by the height is 600mm by 500mm, and the upper surface of the large-scale water storage tank C11 is open; the position of one side of the large-scale water storage tank C11, which is close to the top surface, is provided with three hollow cylindrical connectors, the inner diameter of the three hollow cylindrical connectors is 18mm, the outer diameter of the three hollow cylindrical connectors is 20mm, and the distance from the center to the bottom surface is 320 mm; and the three connectors all extend out for a certain length to be used for connecting a water outlet pipe C12, and the length of the extending section is 30 mm.

The water outlet pipe C12 is a water circulation flow channel (as shown in figure 4) formed by PVC soft plastic pipes, the inner diameter of the water outlet pipe C12 is 18mm, and the length of the water outlet pipe C12 is selected according to actual use; one end of a water outlet pipe C12 is connected to one side of the large-scale water storage tank C11 and is provided with three hollow cylindrical connectors close to the top surface, and the other end of the water outlet pipe C12 is connected to the three hollow cylindrical connectors close to the right end below the long strip rectangular steel plate on one side of the long side of the top surface of the middle frame box C5 of the model box.

The water pump C13 is a water circulation power device (as shown in figure 4) placed at the bottom of the large water storage tank C11, water in the large water storage tank C11 flows from a water inlet of the water pump C13 to a water outlet and then enters the small water storage tank C9, then flows into the middle frame box C5 of the model box through a water inlet pipe C10 at one side of the small water storage tank C9, finally flows back to the large water storage tank C11 through a water outlet pipe C12 at one side of the middle frame box C5 of the model box, and a water pump with proper power is selected according to actual use conditions.

The steel stand C14 is a trapezoidal frame structure (as shown in fig. 13) formed by combining a cylindrical steel bar, a long rectangular steel plate and a square steel plate through welding, the geometric dimensions of the square steel plate base plane are length × width × thickness ═ 150mm × 150mm × 30mm, the base connecting rod is a cylindrical steel bar, the length is 200mm, and the diameter is 20 mm; the top connecting rod of the steel stand C14 is a cylindrical steel bar with the length of 150mm and the diameter of 20mm, the inclined connecting rod is a cylindrical steel bar with the length of 1450mm and the diameter of 20mm, the middle part of the inclined connecting rod is a long rectangular steel plate, and the geometrical size of the plane of the inclined connecting rod is 1430mm x 30mm x 10mm, the length x the width x the thickness x; one side of a long rectangular steel plate in the middle of the steel stand C14 trapezoid frame is provided with 10 equal-diameter screw holes at certain intervals, the spacing distance is 100mm, and the aperture and the hole depth are both 10 mm.

The movable steel span beam C15 is a movable long rectangular steel plate (as shown in fig. 14) with a screw hole at the center and two ends, and its plane geometry is 1700mm × 80mm × 8mm, and its central aperture is 10mm, and its two ends aperture and hole depth are 5mm and 15mm, respectively; the movable steel span beam C15 and the steel upright C14 can be tightly connected into a whole through respective screw holes and series screws according to actual arrangement requirements, the length of each series screw is 25mm, the diameter of one end of a long rectangular steel plate inserted into the steel upright C14 is 10mm, and the diameter of one end of the movable steel span beam C15 is 5 mm; the movable steel span beam C15 and the steel upright frame C14 can be tightly connected into a whole through respective screw holes and tandem screws according to the actual arrangement requirement.

The movable steel bar C16 is a movable cylindrical steel bar (shown in figure 15) for fixing the displacement sensor, the total number of the movable cylindrical steel bar C16 is 5, one end of the movable steel bar C16 comprises a thread with a certain length and penetrates through a central screw hole of a movable steel span beam C15, the length of the movable steel bar C16 is 730mm, 530mm, 460mm and 400mm from top to bottom in sequence, the diameter of the movable steel bar C16 is 10mm, and the length of the end thread is 150 mm; the movable steel bar C16 and the movable steel span beam C15 can be tightly connected into a whole through respective threads and screw holes according to the actual arrangement requirement; the first movable steel bar C16 at the top is L-shaped, the length of the first movable steel bar C16 is 730mm, one end of the first movable steel bar C16 extending vertically is used for installing a displacement sensor for measuring vertical deformation, and the length of the extending section of the first movable steel bar C16 is 25 mm.

The method for testing by adopting the slope vibration table model testing device considering the degradation of the hydro-fluctuation belt rock mass comprises the following specific steps:

(1) and (4) preparing at the early stage of the test.

(2) Assembly mold box system C1: firstly, stably placing a model box bottom steel plate C4 and a model box middle frame box C5 which are welded into a whole on the ground; then, mounting the upper steel frame C6 of the model box on long rectangular steel plates at two sides of a middle frame box C5 of the model box through bolt connection; then installing transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box on the inner side of a steel frame C6 on the upper part of the model box through bolt connection; finally, a steel plate C8 at the back of the model box is installed at one side of a steel frame C6 at the upper part of the model box through bolt connection.

(3) And (5) processing a model box boundary effect.

(4) And (5) building a slope model.

(5) An acceleration sensor and a soil pressure sensor are embedded.

(6) Hoisting the model box system C1: after the built and molded side slope model is kept stand for 24 hours in a natural state, a model box system C1 (a built-in side slope model) is slowly hoisted to a table top of a vibration table by a small portal frame (provided with a steel wire rope with enough strength), so that a steel plate C4 at the bottom of the model box is stably contacted with the table top of the vibration table; the high-strength bolts are adopted to tightly connect the model box system C1 and the vibration table top into a whole, and synchronous motion of the model box system C1 and the vibration table top is ensured in the test process; and then, a layer of color stripe cloth is laid on the table top of the vibrating table in front of the slope surface of the slope model, so that the blocks and residues which are collapsed in the vibrating process of the slope model are prevented from falling into the hydraulic frame pit groove below the table top of the vibrating table.

(7) Assembled water circulation system C2: the small water storage tank C9 and the large water storage tank C11 are placed on the ground at the rear side of a model box system C1 and keep a proper distance, the small water storage tank C9, a water inlet pipe C10, a middle frame box C5 of the model box, a water outlet pipe C12, the large water storage tank C11 and a water pump C13 (placed at the bottom of the large water storage tank) are connected into a whole, and a PVC soft plastic pipe is not suitable for being too long and does not touch other devices as much as possible.

(8) Assembling the position measuring frame system C3 and installing the displacement sensor.

(9) Data acquisition line connection and acquisition system debugging: the lead wires of the acceleration sensor, the soil pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with a channel port of the data acquisition instrument, and a data acquisition system is debugged (parameter setting and inputting) so as to meet the test requirement of the test.

(10) Starting a water circulation system C2: water is filled into the small water storage tank C9, the large water storage tank C11 and the middle frame box C5 of the model box until the water level reaches the cylindrical interface holes of the small water storage tank C11 and the middle frame box C5 of the model box, and then a water pump C13 is started to enable a water circulation system C2 to start running so as to simulate the flowing state of river water.

(11) And (4) loading seismic waves.

(12) After the slope model of a test working condition is completely destroyed, terminating the earthquake wave loading, closing each system switch and disconnecting the power supply; observing (shooting) in a close range, measuring and recording the final damage form and deformation information of the slope model, storing and copying test data in a data acquisition system and collecting related data shot and recorded in the whole test process; detaching a displacement sensor (lead) on the position finding rack system C3, an acceleration sensor and a soil pressure sensor lead at a data acquisition instrument passage port, and moving the position finding rack system C3 to a spacious position; detaching a water inlet pipe C10 and a water outlet pipe C12 at the interfaces at the two sides of the middle frame box C5 of the model box, and pumping water in the middle frame box C5 of the model box; after the transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box and the steel plate C8 on the back part of the model box are disassembled, the slope model building body in the model box is cleaned, the acceleration sensor and the soil pressure sensor are taken out, and finally rock and soil mass slag falling on the color stripe cloth is cleaned and a test site is cleaned.

Optionally, the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:

(1.1) according to the test background, carrying out on-site investigation and developing an indoor conventional physical and mechanical property test;

(1.2) further designing the working condition and loading scheme of the slope model based on the step (1.1);

(1.3) selecting a test site, and cleaning up impurities on the table top of the vibration table;

(1.4) determining that test systems such as a vibration table loading system, a data acquisition system, a computer system and the like work normally;

(1.5) independently designing a model box system C1, a water circulation system C2 and a position-finding frame system C3 and processing and forming by depending on manufacturers.

Optionally, the step (3) specifically comprises the following steps:

(3.1) the selected model box is a solid-wall rigid box, the integral rigidity of the model box is higher, the boundary effect caused by the rigid box is more prominent, reflected waves existing in the rigid wall of the model box can have certain influence on the dynamic response change of a slope body, and certain measures are needed to be taken to treat the rigid wall of the model box so as to reduce the influence of the boundary effect;

(3.3) in view of the above, selecting a polystyrene plastic foam plate with the thickness of 45mm as a wave absorbing material, and tightly attaching the polystyrene plastic foam plate to the surface of the rigid wall of a middle frame box C5 of the model box to reduce the boundary effect generated by the rigid wall of the model box, and meanwhile, pasting a smooth and clean polyvinyl chloride plastic film on the surface of the polystyrene plastic foam plate in contact with the slope model, and smearing lubricating oil to reduce the influence of the frictional resistance existing between the polystyrene plastic foam plate and the contact surface of the slope model on the test;

(3.4) similarly, a smooth and clean polyvinyl chloride plastic film is required to be adhered to the surface of the transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model box, and lubricating oil is required to be coated on the surface of the transparent toughened glass C7.

Optionally, the step (4) specifically includes the following steps:

(4.2) according to the geometric dimension of each rock stratum of the slope model, the optimal proportion of similar materials and corresponding key physical mechanical parameter (density) values, calculating the consumption of the similar materials required for building each layer of rock mass (hard rock or argillaceous soft rock), and further calculating the consumption of each similar material raw material required for preparing each layer of rock mass;

(4.3) weighing the weight of each similar material raw material required for preparing each layer of rock mass as accurately as possible by adopting an electronic scale according to the calculation result; particularly, the waste of the mixed dry material and the reduction of the utilization rate of the mixed dry material are inevitably caused by accidental factors such as human factors and the like in the processes of weighing and stirring similar material raw materials and building slope rock masses, so that the weight of various raw materials is properly increased during each weighing, namely, the weight of the raw materials has enough margin, the continuity and the uniformity of building each layer of rock mass are ensured to the greatest extent, and the condition that similar materials are prepared for multiple times to build each layer of slope rock mass is avoided;

(4.4) mixing various similar material raw materials together according to the weighing result, and stirring the mixed dry materials to be in a uniform state by using a small-sized stirrer; firstly, adding glycerin and a gypsum retarder into tap water (for preparing hard rock) and stirring the mixture to be in a uniform state by using a glass rod, then adding a mixed solution (directly adding tap water when preparing argillaceous soft rock) into the mixed dry material for several times, and finally stirring the mixed solution and the mixed dry material to be in a uniform state by adopting a manual stirring mode;

(4.5) shoveling the prepared similar materials into a middle frame box C5 of the model box for multiple times (a small iron shovel), compacting the materials in layers to a designed position and compactness by using a small compaction hammer, trimming the surface of the materials by using tools such as a manual spatula and the like, and detecting the flatness of the materials by using a horizontal ruler; particularly, because the top surface of the middle frame box C5 of the model box is open, and the rest surfaces are welded and sealed by steel plates, the compacted thickness of similar materials is measured by a steel ruler every time and marked clearly;

(4.6) using a small compaction hammer to perform layered compaction to a designed position (the contours of hard rock and argillaceous soft rock strata are sketched on transparent toughened glass C7 on the upper part of the model before building) and the compactness; particularly, in order to ensure the compaction effect, the compaction thickness of the similar material of the hard rock and the soft rock is controlled to be 50-100 mm each time, and the compaction thickness of the similar material of the argillaceous soft rock and the soft rock is controlled to be 20-50 mm each time;

(4.7) before the similar material is initially solidified, cutting an orthogonal secondary joint with equal depth and equal spacing (the cutting depth and the cutting spacing are 1/2 of the spacing between the structural surfaces) by adopting a thin steel sheet with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the thickness multiplied by 400mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 2mm to be vertical to the direction of the structural surfaces of the rock body; particularly, the rock mass structural plane is in a sawtooth-shaped fluctuation form, and the surface of the rock mass structural plane needs to be trimmed by tools such as a manual spatula and the like, so that the rock mass structural plane forms a more regular sawtooth-shaped fluctuation form as much as possible;

(4.8) uniformly spreading a layer of dry quartz sand with a fine particle size and a thickness of about 1mm on a rock mass structure surface by adopting a steel wire mesh screen, then manually and uniformly spreading a layer of dry mica sheet with a thickness of about 1mm, and manually and maximally finishing and smoothing the plane where the quartz sand and the mica sheet are located;

Optionally, the step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:

(5.1) in order to obtain the acceleration response condition of the slope rock mass at each damage stage, embedding acceleration sensors in certain positions of the slope inside, the slope top, the slope shoulder, the slope surface and the slope foot of the slope model;

(5.2) embedding the acceleration sensor in the slope in the process of building the slope model; selecting a PVC plastic pipe with the inner diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the head part of the acceleration sensor, nesting the acceleration sensor in the PVC plastic pipe, and sticking the top surface of the head part of the acceleration sensor and the PVC plastic pipe on the surface of a square thin plastic sheet by using 502 glue to prevent the acceleration sensor from being damaged due to compression; sealing the interface of the acceleration sensor and the lead thereof by using a transparent adhesive tape to prevent the acceleration sensor from being damaged by water; the lead of the acceleration sensor is laid in a snake-shaped direction in a slope, and the lead is ensured to have enough margin so as to avoid the damage and failure of the acceleration sensor caused by over-limit pressure or pulling force caused by the sliding and collapsing damage of a slope rock body in the building process of a slope model or in the later period;

(5.3) embedding the slope top, the slope shoulder, the slope surface and the slope toe acceleration sensors after the side slope model is built and formed; when the slope top and the slope shoulder acceleration sensors are buried, 502 glue is used for adhering the top surface of the head of the acceleration sensor to the surface of the square thin steel sheet, the square thin steel sheet is vertically inserted into the designed positions of the slope top and the slope shoulder to a certain depth, and meanwhile gypsum is used for reinforcing the periphery of the square thin steel sheet so as to ensure the embedding stability of the square thin steel sheet; when the slope and toe acceleration sensors are buried, a PVC plastic pipe with the same diameter as the head of the acceleration sensor is adopted to be stably inserted into the slope and a certain depth of the slope angle design position in a continuous rotating and progressive mode, a regular circular hole (needing manual trimming) is formed after the PVC plastic pipe is slowly pulled out, the acceleration sensor is stably placed in, and the outlet of the hole is filled with gypsum to ensure the embedding stability of the acceleration sensor; in the same way, the lead of the acceleration sensor has enough redundancy;

(5.4) in order to obtain the stress transmission condition of the slope rock mass at each damage stage, burying soil pressure sensors at certain positions in the slope, the slope top, the slope shoulder, the slope surface and the slope foot of the slope model;

(5.5) burying soil pressure sensors in the slope, at the top of the slope, at the shoulder of the slope, at the slope surface and at the foot of the slope in the building process of the slope model; before embedding the soil pressure sensor, uniformly coating 703 silicon rubber on the outer ring surface of a pressure-bearing membrane in front of the soil pressure sensor and a lead joint thereof, standing for about 1 hour, and then wrapping and sealing the soil pressure sensor by using a polyvinyl chloride plastic film; when the soil pressure sensor is embedded, a polyvinyl chloride plastic film wrapping the sealed soil pressure sensor is disassembled, according to the arrangement condition of the soil pressure sensor, an annular groove with the diameter equal to that of the soil pressure sensor and the depth larger than the thickness of the soil pressure sensor is dug by a hole digging device at the position of the soil pressure sensor to be embedded, the bottom of the annular groove is flattened by fine-grain-diameter dry quartz sand and compacted by a small-sized rammer, then the soil pressure sensor is placed in the groove, the bearing membrane surface is upward, the fine-grain-diameter dry quartz sand is uniformly spread until the annular groove is completely filled, the fine-grain-diameter dry quartz sand on the top surface of the annular groove is compacted by the small-sized rammer, and the annular groove is manually flattened; the lead of the soil pressure sensor is laid in a snake-shaped direction in a slope, and the lead is ensured to have enough margin so as to avoid the damage and failure of the soil pressure sensor caused by over-limit pressure or pulling force caused by the sliding and collapsing damage of a slope rock body in the building process of a slope model or in the later period; particularly, in the whole process from the embedding completion of each soil pressure sensor to the building and forming of the slope model, the soil pressure sensors need to be protected, the compaction force of each layer of rock mass needs to be controlled in a proper range, and meanwhile, the leads of the soil pressure sensors do not need to be pulled randomly.

Optionally, the step (8) specifically includes the following steps:

(8.3) when the displacement sensor at the top of the slope is installed, horizontally inserting the square thin steel sheet into a certain depth of the designed position of the slope top inclined plane, reinforcing the contact position of the square thin steel sheet and the slope top inclined plane by using gypsum to ensure the embedding stability of the square thin steel sheet, and firmly installing the displacement sensor on a first movable steel bar C16 at the upper part of a position measuring frame system C3 in a direction perpendicular to the square thin steel sheet after the square thin steel sheet is stabilized;

(8.4) when the displacement sensors in the slope shoulder, the slope surface and the slope toe range are installed, vertically inserting the square thin steel sheet into the slope shoulder, the slope surface and the slope toe range at a certain depth of the slope design position, and enabling the other installation methods to be consistent with the slope top; and finally, adjusting the position of the movable steel bar C16 by rotating the screw thread to ensure that the pointer needle of the displacement sensor is in close contact with the surface of the square thin steel sheet.

Optionally, the step (11) specifically includes the following steps:

(11.1) after the water circulation system C2 runs for a period of time and the water surface flow in the middle frame box C5 of the model box is basically in a stable state, exciting the slope model according to a seismic wave loading scheme and collecting test data;

(11.2) from the micro-seismic action stage to the strong seismic action stage, taking the loading times of 50 times or 20 times as a seismic wave loading sequence, and loading the next seismic wave at an interval of 1-2 min after each loading sequence is finished;

and (11.3) in the process, the position, the number, the length, the depth, the development direction, the extension direction and the through starting and stopping direction of cracks (seams) generated by the slope model, and damage, instability and destruction information such as dislocation quantity, bending, breaking, collapse, chipping, slippage and the like among strata need to be observed (shot) in a short distance and measured and recorded.

Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a consider side slope shaking table model test device of fall zone rock mass degradation which characterized in that: comprises a model box system C1, a water circulation system C2 and a position measuring frame system C3;

2. The slope vibration table model test device considering the rock mass degradation of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the model box bottom steel plate C4 is a rectangular long steel plate welded at the bottom of the model box, and screw holes with equal diameters are arranged at the periphery of the steel plate at certain intervals; the steel plate C4 at the bottom of the model box and the table top of the vibration table are tightly connected into a whole through high-strength bolts so as to ensure that the model box system C1 and the table top of the vibration table vibrate synchronously;

3. The slope vibration table model test device considering the rock mass degradation of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the small water storage tank C9 is an internal hollow rectangular box structure formed by welding and combining rectangular steel plates, and the top surface of the small water storage tank C9 is open; the small-sized water storage tank C9 is provided with three hollow cylindrical connectors at the position close to the top surface and a hollow cylindrical connector at the position close to the top corresponding to the small-sized water storage tank C9, and the four connectors at the front and the rear extend out for a certain length to be respectively used for connecting the water inlet pipe C10 and the water outlet of the water pump C13;

4. The slope vibration table model test device considering the rock mass degradation of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steel stand C14 is a trapezoidal frame structure formed by welding and combining a cylindrical steel bar, a long rectangular steel plate and a square steel plate, and uniform-diameter screw holes are arranged at one side of the long rectangular steel plate at the middle part of the trapezoidal frame at certain intervals;

5. A slope vibrating table model test method considering the rock mass degradation of the hydro-fluctuation belt based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(3) processing a model box boundary effect;

(4) building a slope model;

(5) embedding an acceleration sensor and a soil pressure sensor;

6. The slope vibrating table model test method considering the degradation of the rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 5, wherein: the step (3) comprises the following specific steps:

7. The slope vibrating table model test method considering the degradation of the rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 5, wherein: the step (4) comprises the following specific steps:

8. The slope vibrating table model test method considering the degradation of the rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 5, wherein: the step (5) comprises the following specific steps:

9. The slope vibrating table model test method considering the degradation of the rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 5, wherein: the step (8) comprises the following specific steps: