CN112683186A - Three-dimensional deformation non-contact high-frequency monitoring device for physical model test - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional deformation non-contact high-frequency monitoring device for a physical model test. The model box is fixed on the vibrating table, the two wave suppression plate supports are fixed on two sides of the model box, porous fluid is arranged in the model box, a physical model is arranged at the bottom inside the model box between the two wave suppression plate supports, and mark points are arranged on the physical model; the wave suppression plate is transversely erected between the two wave suppression plate supports, the multiple groups of high-speed cameras are installed on the wave suppression plate through camera supports, the multiple groups of high-speed cameras are arranged on the wave suppression plate at intervals along a connecting line between the two wave suppression plate supports, and the high-speed cameras shoot towards a lower physical model. The measuring device is not in contact with the monitoring model, avoids disturbance to the model, overcomes the defect that the deformation of the slope model is inconsistent with the deformation of the sensor in the traditional contact type measuring technology, can obtain the three-dimensional deformation of the physical model under the action of high-frequency seismic wave load, and has the advantages of simple device, high measuring precision and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of physical model test monitoring, and relates to a three-dimensional deformation state monitoring device, in particular to a three-dimensional deformation non-contact high-frequency monitoring device for a physical model test.
Background
China is at the junction of the Pacific earthquake zone and the Eurasian earthquake zone, and is one of the most serious countries in the world. The earthquake damage survey of the global destructive earthquake shows that the slope instability sliding caused by the earthquake is one of the main disaster causing forms of the earthquake. The earthquake induces a large amount of side slope unstable sliding, so that not only can a lot of buildings be damaged, but also more importantly, the side slope unstable accumulation blocks road traffic, and timely arrival of rescue goods and materials is interrupted, so that great inconvenience is brought to rescue and relief work. The more serious disaster causing mode is that the large side slope unstability sliding can block the river to form a barrier lake; once the blockage is damaged, the lake overflows and falls down to form flood disasters which are extremely dangerous and seriously threaten the life and property safety of people. If the unstable slopes are not timely and scientifically and correctly processed, loose rock-soil bodies stacked on the unstable slopes can be subjected to secondary disasters such as landslide, collapse and rockfall again under the influence of aftershocks or other natural forces (such as rainfall). Therefore, the problem of earthquake slope stability needs to be solved.
The scientific method for analyzing the instability of the earthquake-induced soil slope comprises a quasi-static method, a Newmark method, a probability analysis method, a numerical simulation method and a physical model test method. The physical model test method is to simplify the slope in practical existence, to make the physical model of the reduced slope with similar material, to research the property of the model on the vibration table, and to convert the model into the prototype via the similarity relation according to the test result. The physical model test can truly reflect the damage condition of the rock-soil earthquake slope, and two types of normal gravity physical model tests and centrifuge physical model tests are widely adopted at present.
In the physical model test, the surface displacement monitoring before the instability of the side slope and the displacement deformation monitoring of the side slope after the instability damage are particularly important. At present, displacement deformation monitoring means commonly used in physical model tests mainly comprise an LVDT displacement meter and an LDT laser displacement meter. The LVDT displacement meter has the principle that an object to be measured is in contact with a metal rod of the LVDT, the metal rod is driven to move by the displacement deformation of the object, and the displacement is monitored according to the change of magnetic flux caused by the metal induction movement. There are two problems with applying LVDT displacement meters to slope displacement monitoring: firstly, the LVDT is a contact type sensor, and the coordination of the displacement deformation of the metal feeler lever and the surface of the side slope cannot be ensured; secondly, the LVDT displacement meter can only monitor the displacement in the direction perpendicular to the contact surface, and cannot monitor the problem of three-dimensional deformation like a side slope. The principle of LDT is that a beam of laser is transmitted to a monitoring point, and the displacement is calculated by monitoring the time difference of the received reflected laser. Although the monitoring precision of the LDT is high and the LDT is a contactless measurement, the LDT is applied to slope displacement monitoring and has the following problems: firstly, like the problems of the LVDT, the LDT cannot monitor the three-dimensional deformation like a slope; secondly, if the physical model contains water, the presence of water will cause laser reflection and refraction, making the LDT unable to work normally.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the three-dimensional displacement monitoring technology in the physical model test in the background technology, the invention discloses a three-dimensional deformation non-contact high-frequency monitoring device for the physical model test, which can solve the technical problem of three-dimensional displacement monitoring in the physical model test and is a device for simultaneously realizing underwater monitoring, high-frequency dynamic measurement and three-dimensional (three-dimensional) measurement for the first time.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the model box is fixed on a vibrating table, two wave suppression plate supports are respectively fixed on two sides of the interior of the model box through bolts, porous fluid is arranged in the model box, a physical model is arranged at the bottom of the interior of the model box between the two wave suppression plate supports, and mark points for observing deformation are arranged on the surface of the physical model; the transparent wave suppression plate is transversely erected between the two wave suppression plate supports, the multiple groups of high-speed cameras are installed on the wave suppression plate through camera supports, the multiple groups of high-speed cameras are arranged on the wave suppression plate at intervals along a connecting line between the two wave suppression plate supports, and the high-speed cameras face to the lower physical model to perform high-frequency shooting.
The wave suppression plate is supported to be a columnar structure. The physical model is made of soil material.
And waterproof materials are filled in the gap between the wave suppression plate support and the inner wall of the model box.
The bottom surface of the wave suppression plate is lower than the liquid level of the pore fluid by about 2cm, so that the bottom position of the wave suppression plate is immersed into the pore fluid by about 2cm, and a gap is formed between each side of the two sides of the wave suppression plate and the side wall of the model box and is about 5 cm.
The wave suppression plate is made of transparent materials.
The mark points are arrayed and arranged at intervals in a row-column mode, and at least two rows of mark points can be shot and covered under each high-speed camera by adjusting the height of the camera support.
The lowest frame rate of the high-speed camera shooting is more than 4 times of the frequency of the experimental input seismic wave.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a non-contact displacement measurement technology, and can overcome the defect that the displacement deformation of a model and the displacement deformation of a monitoring instrument are inconsistent in the traditional displacement measurement technology;
compared with the traditional monitoring instrument, the device of the invention only needs to store image information, does not need a data collector, and only needs a camera memory card to store the three-dimensional displacement deformation information of the model, thereby simplifying the monitoring system and increasing the reliability of the monitoring system;
the invention adopts the image processing technology, can monitor the three-dimensional dynamic displacement of the physical model under the action of high-frequency earthquake load in the test, and the traditional measurement technology is difficult to realize the monitoring of the three-dimensional dynamic displacement of the physical model under the action of high-frequency earthquake wave load;
the monitoring system disclosed by the invention is simple in composition, and can monitor the high-frequency three-dimensional dynamic displacement field of the whole model in a test by only needing a plurality of high-speed cameras, so that a large number of displacement sensors are avoided being installed, and the test monitoring difficulty and the test cost are greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic view of the device as installed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the marker placement and wave suppression plate installation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of a high speed camera and camera rig;
FIG. 4 is a graph of dynamic displacement time course of the slope model obtained in the embodiment;
fig. 5 is a diagram of the final three-dimensional displacement deformation result of the slope model obtained in the embodiment.
In the figure: 1, a model box; 2, supporting a wave suppression plate; 3, a bolt; 4, a slope model; marking points; 6, pore fluid; 7, wave suppression plate; 8, a high-speed camera; 9, a camera frame; 10, a vibration table.
Detailed Description
The device of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes and modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a mold box 1 is fixed on a vibrating table 10, two wave suppression plate supports 2 are respectively fixed on two sides of the interior of the mold box 1 through bolts 3, the wave suppression plate supports 2 are connected with the mold box 1 through bolt installation, a pore fluid 6 is arranged in the mold box 1, and a waterproof material is filled in a gap between the wave suppression plate supports 2 and the inner wall of the mold box 1 to prevent the pore fluid 6 from penetrating into the gap. A side slope model 4 is arranged at the bottom inside a model box 1 between two wave suppression plate supports 2, the liquid level of pore fluid 6 is higher than that of the side slope model 4, and a mark point 5 for observing deformation is arranged on the surface of the side slope model 4.
The transparent wave suppression plate 7 is spanned between the two wave suppression plate supports 2, a plurality of groups of high-speed cameras 8 are arranged on the wave suppression plate 7 through camera supports 9, the plurality of groups of high-speed cameras 8 are arranged on the wave suppression plate 7 at intervals along a connecting line between the two wave suppression plate supports 2, and the high-speed cameras 8 shoot the slope model 4 facing downwards.
The wave suppression plate 7 can prevent waves generated in the vibration process from disturbing the imaging of the high-speed camera 8, and is generally made of transparent materials, so that the high-speed camera 8 can image through the wave suppression plate 7. In order to ensure that the wave suppression plate 7 has higher strength and rigidity, an acrylic plate or an organic glass plate with the thickness of more than 20cm is generally selected. The width of the wave suppression plate 7 is 10cm smaller than that of the model box.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the bottom surface of the wave suppression plate 7 is lower than the liquid level of the pore fluid 6 by about 2cm, so that the bottom position of the wave suppression plate 7 is immersed in the pore fluid 6 by about 2cm, and a gap is formed between each side of the wave suppression plate 7 and the side wall of the model box 1 along the connecting line between the two wave suppression plate supports 2, wherein the gap is about 5cm, so that the wave suppression plate 7 can suppress the generation of water waves and can ensure that bubbles in the pore fluid 6 at the bottom of the wave suppression plate 7 escape from the side surface. Therefore, the wave suppression plate 7 can be used for suppressing the water waves generated by the pore fluid 6 during the vibration of the vibration table from interfering the imaging of the mark point 5 by the high-speed camera 8.
The wave suppression plate 7 is made of transparent materials, and in order to ensure that the wave suppression plate 7 has high strength and rigidity, an acrylic plate or an organic glass plate with the thickness of more than 20cm is generally selected. The length and width of the wave suppressing plate 7 are 10cm less than those of the mold box.
The embodied camera bracket 9 is made of high-strength alloy and can be adjusted in height. The camera support 9 is used for fixing the high-speed camera 8 and adjusting the installation height of the camera, and can be made of high-strength aluminum alloy in a welding mode generally, and in order to adapt to the installation height of the camera required by different tests, the height of the camera support 9 is designed to be adjustable generally.
The marking points 5 are arranged on the surface of the model at equal intervals, and are usually made into a disc shape by using a material such as polyethylene. As shown in fig. 2, the mark points 5 are arranged in a row-column manner at intervals, and the height of the camera support 9 is adjusted so that at least two rows of mark points 5 can be shot and covered under each high-speed camera 8, as shown in fig. 3, the mark points 5 can be imaged by at least two groups of high-speed cameras, thereby ensuring the full coverage of the monitoring area and the reliability of the monitoring result. The height of the camera support 9 should be as low as possible while ensuring full coverage of the monitoring area to reduce the refractive effect of the wave suppressing plate 7.
The high-speed camera 8 is a camera having a function of taking pictures at a high speed or taking videos at a high frame rate, the lowest frame rate of the shooting should be 4 times higher than the frequency of the input seismic waves, the unit of the lowest frame rate is frame/second, the unit of the vibration frequency is Hz, and a higher frame rate should be selected as much as possible to perform the test under the condition that the storage space is sufficient so as to improve the monitoring accuracy. In the specific implementation, the lowest frame rate of shooting by the high-speed camera 8 is 240 frames/second, and the seismic wave frequency is 30 Hz.
The installation and working process of the invention is as follows:
firstly, fixing wave suppression plate supports 2 on two sides of the interior of a model box 1 by using bolts 3;
then preparing a side slope model 4, arranging a mark point 5 for observing deformation on the surface of the model 4, and adding a pore fluid 6;
then fixing the transparent wave suppression plate 7 on the wave suppression plate support 2;
then 5 groups of high-speed cameras 8 are arranged on a camera bracket 9, and the camera bracket 9 is fixed on the wave suppression plate 7;
and finally, fixing the model box 1 on a vibration table 10, opening the high-speed camera 8 to record a high-frame-rate video, then performing a vibration table physical model test, and converting the recorded video into dynamic displacement of a side slope according to an image analysis technology after the test is completed.
In a particular embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-3. Firstly, a wave suppression plate is supported and fixed by bolts in a model box 1, and the size of the interior of the model box is as follows: the length is 77cm, the width is 40cm, the height is 30.8cm, and the size of the wave suppression plate support is 5.2cm, 39.8cm and 21.5 cm; and then preparing a physical model in the model box 1 by reducing the ruler, wherein the physical model is a slope model 4 with the inclination of 5 degrees, the left side of the slope is 16.25cm high, the right side of the slope is 10.41cm high, and the horizontal length of the slope is 66.6 cm. The surface marking points of the model 4 are arranged at a distance of 10cm × 10cm, and 18 marking points are arranged in 3 rows × 6 columns, wherein the 2 nd row is arranged along the center line of the slope.
After the above steps are completed, the pore fluid 6 is saturated with the pore fluid 6, which is the silicone oil with the viscosity of 30 Cst. Then, a transparent wave suppression plate 7 is fixed on the wave suppression plate support 2, and the bottom of the wave suppression plate 7 is immersed 2cm below the pore fluid 6. The wave suppression plate 7 has the dimensions of 56.6cm in length, 29.8cm in width and 20cm in thickness and is made of organic glass (polymethyl methacrylate). The high-speed camera 8 is mounted on the camera mount 9, and then the camera mount 9 is fixed on the wave suppressing plate 7. The position of the camera 8 is adjusted left and right and the height of the camera stand is adjusted up and down, the imaging area of the camera is observed, and the position of the camera and the height of the camera stand are recorded and fixed when the camera imaging satisfies the following conditions:
1) the imaging area of the high-speed camera can cover all the mark points 5, so that the full coverage of the monitoring area is ensured;
2) the mark points 5 can be imaged by two or more groups of high-speed cameras, so that the three-dimensional deformation of the model can be obtained according to the visual distance difference;
in the embodiment of the invention, the height of the camera frame is finally determined to be 14.3cm, and the horizontal distance between the cameras is 13.1 cm.
After the whole monitoring device is assembled, the model box is fixed on the vibration table. The high-speed camera is turned on, and the frame rate is set to 240 frames (i.e., 240 pictures are taken in 1 second) for video recording. The camera is set to be complete and normally work thick, and a hypergravity shaking table test is carried out. During the test, the centrifugal acceleration of the geotechnical centrifuge is 30g, the output of the vibration table is 30Hz sine wave, and the amplitude of the sine wave is 7.5 g. After the test is finished, video data recorded by the camera is derived, and the dynamic displacement of the side slope and the final three-dimensional displacement deformation result of the side slope are obtained by analyzing and processing the video data by using a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV).
Fig. 4 shows the dynamic displacement result of some marked points in the embodiment during vibration, and fig. 5 shows the final three-dimensional displacement deformation result of the slope model in the embodiment.
Compared with the existing physical model test dynamic displacement monitoring technology, the measurement device and the monitoring model are in no contact, disturbance to the model is avoided, the defect that physical model deformation and sensor deformation are inconsistent in the traditional contact measurement technology is overcome, the monitoring of a three-dimensional dynamic deformation field of the physical model under the action of high-frequency seismic wave load is realized, and the device has the advantages of simplicity, high measurement precision and the like.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional deformation non-contact high frequency monitoring devices of physical model test which characterized in that:
the model box (1) is fixed on a vibrating table (10), the two wave suppression plate supports (2) are respectively fixed on two sides of the interior of the model box (1) through bolts (3), a porous fluid (6) is arranged in the model box (1), a physical model (4) is arranged at the bottom of the interior of the model box (1) between the two wave suppression plate supports (2), and a mark point (5) for observing deformation is arranged on the surface of the physical model (4); the transparent wave suppression plate (7) is spanned between the two wave suppression plate supports (2), a plurality of groups of high-speed cameras (8) are arranged on the wave suppression plate (7) through camera supports (9), the plurality of groups of high-speed cameras (8) are arranged on the wave suppression plate (7) at intervals along a connecting line between the two wave suppression plate supports (2), and the high-speed cameras (8) shoot a physical model (4) facing downwards at a high frequency.
2. The non-contact high-frequency monitoring device for the three-dimensional deformation of the physical model test according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a waterproof material is filled in a gap between the wave suppression plate support (2) and the inner wall of the model box (1).
3. The non-contact high-frequency monitoring device for the three-dimensional deformation of the physical model test according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the wave suppression plate (7) is lower than the liquid level of the pore fluid (6) by about 2cm, so that the bottom position of the wave suppression plate (7) is immersed in the pore fluid (6) by about 2cm, a gap is reserved between each side of the two sides of the wave suppression plate (7) and the side wall of the model box (1), and the gap is about 5 cm.
4. The non-contact high-frequency monitoring device for the three-dimensional deformation of the physical model test according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wave suppression plate (7) is made of transparent materials.
5. The non-contact high-frequency monitoring device for the three-dimensional deformation of the physical model test according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mark points (5) are arrayed and arranged at intervals in a row-column mode, and at least two rows of mark points (5) can be shot and covered under each high-speed camera (8) by adjusting the height of the camera support (9).
6. The non-contact high-frequency monitoring device for the three-dimensional deformation of the physical model test according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lowest frame rate shot by the high-speed camera (8) is more than 4 times of the frequency of the experimental input seismic waves.
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| 刘凯: "振动作用下碎石桩复合地基渗流理论分析与物理模拟", 《岩土工程学报》 * |
| 孔令超: "液罐汽车罐内小型抑波板抑波结构试验研究", 《时代汽车》 * |
| 黄神伙: "循环水槽及其工作段自由液面波动及消波探讨", 《珠江水运》 * |
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