CN211401942U - Finite cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device behind foundation pit flexible retaining wall - Google Patents
Finite cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device behind foundation pit flexible retaining wall Download PDFInfo
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- CN211401942U CN211401942U CN201922125843.5U CN201922125843U CN211401942U CN 211401942 U CN211401942 U CN 211401942U CN 201922125843 U CN201922125843 U CN 201922125843U CN 211401942 U CN211401942 U CN 211401942U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a limited stickness soil owner passive soil pressure model test device behind flexible barricade wall of foundation ditch, include: the test bench unit comprises a fixed steel frame, a model box and a transparent movable baffle, wherein the model box is embedded in the fixed steel frame, and cohesive soil for the model, which is similar to the physical and mechanical property weighted average value of the prototype cohesive soil in equal proportion, is filled in the model box; the loading and unloading unit comprises at least five displacement control handles, a counterforce device and a connected model wall, wherein the displacement control handles are uniformly arranged in the burial depth direction of the model wall, a bracket on one side of each displacement control handle is fixed on the counterforce device, and the other side of each displacement control handle is fixedly connected with the model wall; contact and non-contact monitoring unit, contact monitoring unit includes: a micro soil pressure gauge, a micro displacement gauge; the non-contact monitoring unit comprises a PIV monitoring unit. The pressure and displacement rule and magnitude of the active and passive soil of the weak cohesive soil behind the flexible enclosure structure wall under the condition of various limited soil body widths can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an indoor model test technical field of limited soil body owner passive soil pressure of foundation ditch and displacement thereof especially relates to a limited stickness soil owner passive soil pressure model test device behind flexible barricade wall of foundation ditch.
Background
As is known, for deep and large foundation pit engineering, an indoor physical model test is used as a real and intuitive research means, and scaling research is carried out on specific engineering geological problems according to a certain similarity principle, so that the difficulty in mathematics and mechanics can be avoided, the stratum stress state and the deformation rule caused by foundation pit excavation can be intuitively reflected in a short time, and one of the main methods adopted by engineers for scientific research is provided. Based on the method of the indoor similar model test, the influence of various factors such as the engineering mechanical property of the foundation pit in the soft clay adjacent to the existing building (structure), the space effect of the enclosure structure, the width of the limited soil body behind the wall and the like on the engineering deformation, stress and instability damage of the deep foundation pit is researched, and the method has certain engineering application value and reference significance.
The existing foundation pit engineering indoor model test basically takes sandy soil as a main part, a baffle plate for simulating a foundation pit support structure is a rigid model wall provided with a rolling bearing at the bottom of a model test device, three plungers of an oil cylinder are used for simulating an inner support, and most of the existing foundation pit engineering indoor model test can only simulate the condition of passive soil pressure. After the model box and the loading device are prepared, the test is started, the oil cylinder accelerates to the required model rate N and then stabilizes the rotating speed, the electromagnetic valve is opened once to discharge oil, the oil pressure is reduced, the pressure of sandy soil forces the rigid model wall to push the plunger to move backwards for a section of micro displacement, and the displacement cannot be accurately controlled. And after the model is stabilized, photographing the model, and recording the readings of the displacement meter and the wall force measuring plate. Then discharging oil again, taking a picture and recording after stabilization. And (5) circulating in sequence, and continuously giving displacement until the model is damaged, and ending the test.
In the existing foundation pit engineering soil pressure chamber model test, the most main and key technical problems comprise:
(1) similar fill is not representative: in the existing soil pressure indoor model test, dry sandy soil is mostly researched. In most areas, the stratum weak cohesive soil layer has large thickness, high porosity ratio, high water content, high compressibility, low permeability and the like, and the soil body has low strength and large plasticity. The soft clay is influenced by construction disturbance, stress strain can be greatly changed, and the shearing strength is closely related to the excavation supporting opportunity and the soil saturation of the engineering. Along with the increase of shearing strain, the cohesive soil firstly slightly shears to contract and then shows shear expansion, and then the body strain keeps invariable and shows strain softening phenomenon, which is obviously different from sandy soil, and soil body damage mainly shows slip damage and shear slip band damage between wall soil. The preparation of similar cohesive soils poses certain difficulties in the preparation of similar model materials.
(2) The rigid baffle used by the existing model wall can not simulate the real situation: the deformation condition of the foundation pit engineering enclosure structure in the actual condition is complex, rigid body deflection can occur, and the deformation of an internal convex type, composite type deformation and the like are related to the stratum condition and the supporting level. The rigid baffle adopted in the existing indoor model test can not consider the influence of the flexible deformation of the foundation pit support structure.
(3) The size of the mold box cannot be flexibly adjusted: in order to simulate the influence of the limited soil width behind the foundation pit engineering wall, the width of the model box needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the requirement of the limited soil width, and the model box used in the existing indoor model test of the foundation pit engineering is large and large in size and fixed, so that the influence rule of the limited soil width cannot be researched.
Secondary problems include: the situation of the active soil pressure of a foundation pit cannot be simulated by adopting an oil cylinder loading mode, and the control effect on the stress and displacement of the plunger is poor; due to the limitations of the photographing means and the sensor, the measurement error is large.
The existing foundation pit engineering soil pressure chamber model test is simplified more and is not in accordance with the actual condition, so that the experimental device can not accurately simulate the actual condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses a solve current technical problem, provide a limited stickness soil owner passive soil pressure model test device behind the flexible barricade wall of foundation ditch.
In order to solve the above problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme as follows:
the utility model provides a limited stickness soil owner passive soil pressure model test device behind flexible barricade wall of foundation ditch, includes: the test bed unit comprises a fixed steel frame, a model box and a transparent movable baffle plate device, wherein the model box is embedded in the fixed steel frame, cohesive soil for the model is filled in the model box, the physical and mechanical property weighted average value of the prototype cohesive soil is similar to the physical and mechanical property weighted average value of the prototype cohesive soil in equal proportion, and the transparent movable baffle plate device is used for controlling the width of a limited soil body; the loading and unloading unit comprises at least five displacement control handles, a counter-force device and a connected model wall, wherein the displacement control handles are uniformly arranged in the burial depth direction of the model wall, a bracket on one side of each displacement control handle is fixed on the counter-force device, and the other side of each displacement control handle is fixedly connected with the model wall; contact and non-contact monitoring unit, contact monitoring unit includes: miniature soil pressure gauges are uniformly arranged in the vertical direction on one side, which is in contact with the cohesive soil, of the model wall and are used for monitoring the active and passive soil pressures of the cohesive soil; miniature displacement meters are uniformly arranged behind the model wall in the horizontal direction and are used for monitoring the settlement of the earth surface behind the wall disturbed by foundation pit construction; the non-contact monitoring unit comprises a PIV monitoring unit and is used for observing a topshear strain rate cloud chart of the cohesive soil in the whole process of foundation pit construction and comparing the maximum shear strain rate cloud chart with the monitoring result of the contact monitoring unit.
Preferably, the model box consists of a toughened glass plate with transparent periphery, a bottom steel plate and an upper cover plate; the bottom surface steel sheet with the inboard of upper cover plate sets up at least three groups of corresponding draw-in grooves respectively, the draw-in groove is used for interior the insertion transparent adjustable fender.
Preferably, sealing strips are arranged in gaps between the bottom steel plate and the toughened glass plate and in gaps between the bottom steel plate and the transparent movable baffle.
Preferably, the toughened glass plates on three sides of the model box, which are contacted with the cohesive soil for the model, are coated with lubricating oil.
Preferably, the transparent movable baffle contacts the side sticker of the cohesive soil for the model, and the friction angle between the transparent movable baffle and the cohesive soil for the model is adjusted.
Preferably, a horizontal cross brace is arranged between the transparent movable baffle and the toughened glass plate on one side of the model box, which is not in contact with the cohesive soil for the model, and is used for increasing the rigidity of the transparent movable baffle.
Preferably, the stiffness of the model wall is similar to the stiffness of the reinforced concrete structure in equal proportion.
Preferably, the model wall is adhered with paper with different friction coefficients on the side surface contacting with the model cohesive soil, and the friction angle between the model wall and the model cohesive soil is adjusted to be the same as the friction angle between the concrete structure and the prototype cohesive soil.
Preferably, the model cohesive soil adopts pi theorem to determine a similarity criterion and a conversion relationship of flow parameters between the prototype cohesive soil and the model cohesive soil, wherein a geometric similarity ratio Cl is a stress similarity ratio C σ, an elastic modulus similarity ratio CE, a cohesive force similarity ratio Cc, a displacement similarity ratio Cs, a time similarity ratio Ct, a model rate N, and a strain similarity ratio C is a heavy weight similarity ratio C γ, a poisson ratio similarity ratio C μ, an internal friction angle similarity ratio C Φ, 1.
Preferably, one end of the displacement control handle penetrates through the counterforce device and the transparent toughened glass plate on one side of the model box, a hole with a corresponding thread is formed in the corresponding position of the displacement control handle of the counterforce device and the transparent toughened glass plate on one side of the model box, and the other end of the displacement control handle is a rotating handle arranged on the outer side of the model box, and the rotation of the rotating handle is not limited by the counterforce device and the transparent toughened glass plate.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model provides a limited stickness soil owner passive soil pressure model test device behind flexible barricade wall of foundation ditch, through using the stickness soil for the model that is similar with prototype stickness soil physics and mechanics nature weighted average value equal proportion, and reasonable soft has been used, the hardware sets up, can be to the weak stickness soil horizon characteristic that generally meets in the present engineering practice activity, and the present underground structure's of big rigidity foundation ditch engineering envelope multiple deformation mode of neighbouring in the intensive environment, through transparent movable baffle and the limited soil body width of recess control, displacement control handle accurate control is used for simulating foundation ditch envelope's model wall deformation mode and displacement size, obtain under the multiple limited soil body width condition, weak stickness soil pressure and displacement rule and size. The active state and the passive state of the soil body behind the wall are realized by reducing and increasing the displacement of the displacement control handle. And under the condition of weak cohesive soil, corresponding relations between limited soil body soil pressure and soil body displacement and the deformation mode and the displacement size of the foundation pit support structure are obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the utility model provides an in the embodiment of the utility model discloses limited stickness soil initiative passive earth pressure model test device's behind flexible retaining wall of foundation ditch three-dimensional schematic diagram of structure.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the utility model provides an in the embodiment of the utility model a limited stickness soil initiative passive earth pressure model test device behind flexible retaining wall of foundation ditch.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the utility model provides an in the embodiment of the utility model a limited stickness soil initiative passive earth pressure model test device behind flexible retaining wall of foundation ditch.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the displacement control handle and the reaction force device in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5(a) -5 (f) are schematic diagrams illustrating deformation modes of the model wall with the displacement control handle moving leftward in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6(a) -6 (f) are schematic diagrams illustrating deformation modes of the model wall when the displacement control handle moves rightwards in the embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a fixed steel frame 1, a bottom steel plate 2, a transparent toughened glass plate 3, an upper cover plate 4, a sealing strip 5, a clamping groove 6, a horizontal cross brace 7, a transparent movable baffle 8, a displacement control handle 9, a counter-force device 10, a model wall 11, a miniature soil pressure gauge 12, a miniature displacement meter 13 and a PIV monitoring unit 14.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problem, technical scheme and beneficial effect that the embodiment of the present invention will solve more clearly understand, the following combines the drawings and embodiment, and goes forward the further detailed description of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element. It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-4, the utility model provides an active passive soil pressure model test device of limited stickness soil behind flexible retaining wall of foundation ditch, include: the test bench unit comprises a fixed steel frame 1, a model box embedded in the fixed steel frame and a right transparent movable baffle plate device 7, wherein cohesive soil for the model, which is similar to the weighted average value of the physical and mechanical properties of the prototype cohesive soil in equal proportion, is filled in the model box; the loading and unloading unit comprises at least five displacement control handles 9, a counterforce device 10 and a connected model wall 11, wherein the displacement control handles 9 are uniformly arranged in the burial depth direction of the model wall 11, a bracket on one side of each displacement control handle 9 is fixed on the counterforce device 10, and the other side of each displacement control handle 9 is fixedly connected with the model wall 11; contact and non-contact monitoring unit, contact monitoring unit includes: miniature soil pressure gauges 12 are uniformly arranged on one side, close to the cohesive soil, of the model wall 11 in the vertical direction and are used for monitoring the active and passive soil pressures of the cohesive soil; a miniature displacement meter 13 is arranged on the surface of the cohesive soil behind the model wall 11 and used for monitoring the settlement of the earth surface behind the wall disturbed by the foundation pit construction; the non-contact monitoring unit comprises a PIV monitoring unit 14 used for observing a cloud picture of the maximum shear strain rate in the soil body.
The main materials adopted by the test for configuring the cohesive soil for the model comprise: quartz sand, barite powder, vaseline and lubricating oil, wherein the main materials used for preparing the model wall 11 comprise gypsum, fine steel bars and stickers with different surface friction coefficients; the main instrument equipment includes: the device comprises a customized model test steel frame 1, four sides of thicker transparent toughened glass plates, a steel cover plate 4 and a steel bottom plate 2 with corresponding clamping grooves 6, a sealing strip 5, a transparent movable baffle plate 8 with higher rigidity, a cross brace 7, a counter-force device 10, a displacement control handle 9, a miniature soil pressure gauge 12, a miniature displacement meter 13, a PIV monitoring device 14, a data acquisition unit and the like.
Comprehensively considering the indexes of soil grain composition, gravity, compression modulus, cohesive force, internal friction angle, stress strain characteristics and the like, quartz sand, barite powder, vaseline and lubricating oil with various particle sizes are prepared according to a certain proportionThe soil model is similar to the material. And reasonably determining a similarity criterion by adopting a pi theorem, wherein the derived dimensionless parameters are consistent with dimensionless parameters obtained by equation dimensionless. The pi theorem transforms the functional relation between the physical quantities related to the physical phenomena into the functional relation composed of the similarity criterion, so the similarity criterion and the conversion relation of the flow parameters between the prototype and the similar model can be determined by applying the pi theorem. Wherein, the geometric similarity ratio Cl is the stress similarity ratio C σ, the elastic modulus similarity ratio CE, the cohesion similarity ratio Cc, the displacement similarity ratio Cs, the time similarity ratio Ct, the model rate N; strain similarity ratio C [ gamma ] ([ beta ]) ] [ Poisson's ratio similarity ratio C [ mu ] ([ mu ]) ] [ internal friction angle similarity ratio ]
After multiple proportioning tests of similar materials, the cohesive soil for the model, which is similar to the weighted average value of the physical and mechanical properties of the prototype cohesive soil in equal proportion, is obtained.
The test bench unit is determined according to a reasonable scale N, and the model box is a similar model box which simultaneously gives consideration to test operation and test effects and consists of a toughened glass plate 3 with transparent periphery, a bottom steel plate 2 and an upper cover plate 4. In order to reduce the influence of boundary effect and size effect, the transparent toughened glass plates 3 on the three sides of the cohesive soil for the contact model of the model box are coated with lubricating oil, so that the friction between the side walls and the cohesive soil is reduced as much as possible.
The inner sides of the bottom steel plate 2 and the upper cover plate 4 are respectively provided with at least three groups of corresponding clamping grooves 6, the clamping grooves 6 are used for inserting transparent movable baffles 8, and the sizes of the clamping grooves 6 can be ignored compared with the sizes of the model boxes. A transparent movable baffle 8 with enough rigidity is inserted into the clamping groove 6, and the width of the limited soil body is flexibly adjusted according to the position of the clamping groove by the position of the transparent movable baffle 8. Horizontal crossbearers 7 are uniformly arranged between the transparent movable baffle plate 8 and the right transparent toughened glass plate 3, so that the bending rigidity of the transparent movable baffle plate 8 can be increased. Namely, a horizontal cross brace 7 is arranged between the transparent movable baffle 8 and the toughened glass plate 3 on one side of the model box which is not contacted with the cohesive soil for the model. In an embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal cross brace 7 is evenly provided with three channels in the vertical direction.
And simulating the state that the width of the soil body behind the foundation pit wall is respectively limited to be semi-infinite according to the gradual increase of the distance between the transparent movable baffle 8 with enough rigidity at the right side and the model wall 11 at the left side.
Transparent adjustable fender 8 contacts the side sticker of cohesive soil for the model, adjusts the friction angle between transparent adjustable fender 8 and the cohesive soil for the model, simulates the friction effect of existing structure side to limited cohesive soil.
And sealing strips 5 are arranged in the gaps between the bottom steel plate 2 and the transparent toughened glass plate 3 and the gaps between the bottom steel plate 2 and the transparent movable baffle 8.
The utility model discloses an in the embodiment, evenly arrange five displacement control handle 9 along 11 buried depth directions of model wall, have accurate displacement scale on the displacement control handle 9, through waveing the displacement control handle, but the displacement volume of accurate control displacement control handle 9 realizes loading or uninstallation in grades for the mould stickness soil behind the 11 walls of model wall of connection, the passive soil pressure of simulation foundation ditch or initiative soil pressure process.
The left side support of the displacement control handle 9 is fixed on the counterforce device 10, and the right side is fixedly connected with a self-made model wall 11 for simulating a foundation pit support structure. The displacement control handle 9 penetrates through the counterforce device 10 and the transparent toughened glass plate 3 on the left side of the model box, a hole with corresponding threads is formed in the counterforce device 10 and the transparent toughened glass plate 3 on the left side of the model box at the corresponding position of the displacement control handle 9, the right end of the displacement control handle 9 is a rotating handle on the outer side of the model box, and the rotation of the rotating handle is not limited by the counterforce device and the transparent toughened glass plate on the left side.
When the handle of the displacement control handle 9 is shaken, the displacement control handle 9 can be displaced rightwards, so that the passive soil pressure state of the soil body behind the wall can be realized, and the passive soil pressure state is the active soil pressure state otherwise. And simulating the process of layered excavation and supporting of the foundation pit by continuously increasing the displacement. The different displacement size of displacement control handle 9 of different height department drives the model wall 11 rather than fixed and takes place different deformation modes, and when displacement control handle 9 from the top down displacement volume gradually reduced, be around the RB mode of wall toe pivoted, when from the top down displacement volume gradually increased, be around the rotatory RT mode of wall top, when from the top down displacement volume increase earlier afterwards reduce, be interior convex type B mode.
As shown in fig. 5(a) -5 (f), the schematic diagrams of the deformation modes of the displacement control handle moving leftward in the embodiment of the present invention are respectively a T-mode (Translating) that is a translation mode, an RT-mode (Rotating around the Top) that is a wall Top rotation mode, an RB-mode (Rotating around the Bottom) that is a wall Bottom rotation mode, and three B-modes (buckling) that are inward-convex deformation modes.
As shown in fig. 6(a) -6 (f), the schematic diagrams of the deformation modes of the displacement control handle moving rightward in the embodiment of the present invention are respectively a T-mode (Translating) that is a translation mode, an RT-mode (Rotating around the Top) that is a rotation mode around the Top of the wall, an RB-mode (Rotating around the Bottom of the wall) that is a rotation mode around the Bottom of the wall, and three B-modes (buckling) that are inward-convex deformation modes.
The model wall 11 for simulating the foundation pit support structure needs to be fixedly connected with the displacement control handle 9 and needs to deform along with the movement of the displacement control handle 9, so that the model wall needs to have certain flexibility and is similar to the rigidity of a reinforced concrete structure in equal proportion. The model wall 11 is made of thin steel bars and gypsum and is prefabricated, processed and installed on site.
The monitoring system comprises a contact monitoring device and a non-contact monitoring device, and can dynamically monitor active and passive soil pressure acting on the model wall and displacement of a limited soil body behind the wall influenced by foundation pit construction disturbance in real time. In order to research the pressure distribution of active and passive soil behind the wall and the displacement of the soil under different building envelope deformation modes and limited soil width conditions, a high-precision miniature soil pressure gauge 12 capable of monitoring the pressure of the active and passive soil of the cohesive soil is respectively adhered to one side, facing the transparent movable baffle plate 8, of the model wall 11 from top to bottom. Miniature displacement meters 13 are uniformly arranged on the rear surface of one side, facing the transparent movable baffle 8, of the model wall 11 along the length direction of the model box, namely the direction vertical to the model wall, and the rear surface settlement of the wall disturbed by foundation pit construction is monitored. The values of the miniature soil pressure gauge 12 and the miniature displacement gauge 13 are obtained by arranging the intelligent static strain acquisition instrument, and are calibrated and checked respectively before formal test. And observing a maximum shear Strain Rate cloud picture (content of Max. shear Strain Rate) in the limited cohesive soil by adopting the PIV monitoring equipment 14, and analyzing the development of the limited cohesive soil slip surface morphology.
Through the utility model discloses a limited stickness soil owner passive soil pressure model test device behind the flexible barricade wall of foundation ditch, adopt with the similar stickness soil of model of prototype stickness soil physics mechanical properties equal proportion, can adjust different limited soil body widths behind the foundation ditch wall through transparent adjustable fender device, can simulate the complicated foundation ditch engineering envelope deformation condition in the actual conditions through adding the uninstallation unit, not only can take place the rigid body and deflect, protruding type deformation and compound deformation etc. in addition, monitor through contact and non-contact monitoring unit, can provide more effectual analog result for the actual conditions. The defects of the simulation device in the prior art are overcome through the orderly combination of all the parts, effective test data support is provided for the soil pressure problem research, and help is provided for the subsequent theoretical analysis.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1-4, the utility model provides a limited stickness soil owner passive soil pressure model test device behind flexible retaining wall of foundation ditch adopts the transparent movable rigid baffle 8 positions in mold box right side controllable, and left side high accuracy displacement control device adds the mode of uninstallation step by step, simulates the process of excavation of foundation ditch layering and strutting in the limited width stickness soil. And loading or unloading a first stage at every 1440X/N min according to the equal-proportion similar values of the displacement of the enclosure structure required by the layered excavation, wherein X is the number of days for excavating and supporting a layer in the actual construction process of the foundation pit, and if the variation amplitude of the soil pressure monitoring data on the model wall 11 is large after 1440X/N min, the next stage of loading or unloading is carried out after the monitoring value is kept stable until the soil body is damaged by instability. The specific test flow is as follows:
(1) manufacturing a displacement control handle 9: according to the design size requirement, a cylindrical steel body with precise scales and threads is manufactured, the steel body can rotatably penetrate through a counterforce device 10 and a left transparent glass plate 3, one end of the steel body is welded on a rotating handle outside a model box, a support which can rotate along with the steel body is nested in the steel body inside the model box, the other end of the support is welded and fixed with the counterforce device 10 of the model box, the size of the counterforce device 10 is matched with the size of the model box and a displacement control handle 9, and then the effect that the steel body can stretch back and forth when the rotating handle is rotated is achieved.
(2) Test bench unit: according to the design size processing indoor model test bench, the rigidity of the left, right, front, rear, right and left transparent rigid glass plates 3 is enough, the rigidity of the pit bottom, the front, rear, left and right sides and the joints is ensured to meet the test requirements, and the joints of the lower sides of the peripheral steel frames 1 and the transparent toughened glass plates 3 are sealed by sealing strips 5. According to the width requirement of the limited soil body, the bottom steel plate 2 and the upper cover plate 4 are provided with corresponding clamping grooves 6. A counterforce device 10 is installed on the left side of the model box, a high-precision displacement control handle 9 is evenly installed on the counterforce device from top to bottom, five times are totally included, and the length of the displacement control handle 9 is adjusted to be in an initial state. Before the test begins, the model box is cleaned, the transparent toughened glass plates 3 on the front side and the rear side do not influence data monitoring of the intelligent camera and the PIV monitoring unit 14, and then lubricating oil is coated on three surfaces, in contact with the cohesive soil, of the inner side of the model box. The micro soil pressure gauge 12, the micro displacement gauge 13 and the like are calibrated.
(3) Manufacturing a model wall 11 and a transparent movable baffle 8: and manufacturing a mould of the model wall 11 according to the design size, bending the steel wire according to the rigidity design requirement, paving the steel wire in the mould, pouring the gypsum in a liquid state, and standing and solidifying. The method comprises the steps of selecting a transparent toughened glass plate with a certain thickness to simulate a transparent movable baffle on the right side of a foundation pit, selecting the transparent toughened glass plate according to the principle that the transparent toughened glass plate cannot be extruded by a soil body to deform, and arranging three horizontal cross braces 7 to increase the rigidity. Paste the sticker at adjustable wall between soil friction angle on one side of model wall 11 and transparent adjustable fender 8, the frictional action of simulation concrete surface and stickness soil measures the friction angle between sticker side and stickness soil, makes its and concrete and the friction angle between stickness soil equal, places for subsequent use.
(4) The model wall 11 and the transparent movable baffle 8 are installed: high-precision miniature soil pressure gauges 12 are uniformly arranged on one side of a prefabricated model wall 11 with stickers, the prefabricated model of the model wall 11 is placed at the appointed position of a model box, and one side of the model wall 12 which is not sticked with the soil pressure gauges is fixedly connected with five displacement control handles 9 which are horizontally arranged in a test bed and can accurately control the displacement. According to the width of a limited soil body, the transparent movable baffle plate 8 with enough rigidity for simulating the existing underground structure is placed in the appointed clamping groove 6 of the model box, one side without sticking the paster is rightwards and is fixedly connected with the three horizontal cross braces 7, and the horizontal cross braces 7 are used for increasing the bending rigidity of the transparent movable baffle plate 8.
(5) Preparing similar cohesive soil: based on the physical and mechanical properties of the cohesive soil layer in the designated area, barite, quartz sand, vaseline, lubricating oil and trace particles (for monitoring the displacement of the soil body by adopting PIV monitoring equipment) are used as model raw materials to prepare artificial cohesive soil with similar physical and mechanical properties. According to the proportion required by the test, the raw material dosage required by a model test is calculated, the raw material is weighed, the mixture is uniformly mixed and then stands for a certain time, and the soil property is measured by adopting an indoor triaxial apparatus and a direct shear apparatus. And correcting the mixture ratio of the raw materials according to the measurement result to obtain the cohesive soil for the laboratory model, which has similar physical and mechanical properties to the cohesive soil in the specified area.
(6) Paving similar cohesive soil: and pouring the prepared similar cohesive soil into a model box layer by layer, and vibrating and compacting the prepared similar cohesive soil layer by layer every 5 cm. Each layer is separated by adopting a thin colored pigment, so that the displacement of the soil body can be conveniently observed under the condition of not influencing the property of cohesive soil, the top surface of the soil body on the left side of the model wall 11 is aligned with the bottom of the wall, and the top surface of the soil body on the left side is loaded by adopting a steel cover plate connected with a hydraulic jack, so that the self weight of the soil body in the pit is simulated; the top surface of the soil body on the right side of the model wall 11 is flush with the top of the wall, and miniature displacement meters are uniformly arranged on the top surface of the soil body on the right side of the model wall 11 in a direction vertical to the model wall. And continuously sprinkling water on the top surface of the soil body to infiltrate the soil body until the soil body is in a saturated state.
(7) Connecting a monitoring device: and connecting the micro displacement meter 13 and the micro soil pressure meter 12 to a terminal strain demodulator and a computer, testing whether channel signals are normal or not, and checking the result. Polishing the model box, accurately capturing a clear particle distribution diagram through an image acquisition device, obtaining the velocity distribution of a flow field after a series of post-treatments, and judging whether the velocity distribution is reasonable or not.
(8) The displacement of the displacement control handle 9 is regulated and controlled to simulate the step-by-step construction of a foundation pit: according to the deformation mode and the displacement of the enclosure structure disturbed by foundation pit construction in actual engineering, the displacement of an upper displacement control handle 9 and a lower displacement control handle 9 are respectively adjusted, a model wall fixedly connected with the model wall is controlled to realize that the maximum displacement value is in different depths of burial, and rigid deformation (T), deformation (RT) around the top of the wall, deformation (RB) around the bottom of the wall and three inward-convex deformations are respectively simulated (B-1 represents that the maximum lateral displacement burial depth is close to the upper side, B-2 represents that the maximum lateral displacement value is in the middle, and B-3 represents that the maximum lateral displacement burial depth is close to the lower side). The high-precision displacement control handle 9 is used for loading or unloading step by step, the condition that the deformation of the enclosure structure is gradually increased is simulated, and the passive state or the active state of the limited cohesive soil behind the wall is realized until the soil behind the wall is damaged. And the strain gauge and the intelligent monitoring equipment automatically acquire stress-strain data in the loading or unloading process, and meanwhile, the intelligent camera records the deformation of the soil body and compares the deformation with a PIV monitoring result.
It can be understood that the displacement control handle can be provided with more than 5 channels, and the arrangement can be set according to actual conditions.
(9) And (3) error analysis: and analyzing the magnitude and the rule of the stress strain, the displacement and the soil pressure obtained by monitoring, and judging whether the magnitude and the rule are reasonable or not. If not, analyzing the reason, and performing the step (8) again after adjusting until the test result meets the requirement. And under the same conditions, the average value is obtained by repeating three times of experiments.
(10) Analyzing the influence of the limited soil width behind the wall: the right transparent movable baffle 8 of the model box is respectively clamped at the clamping grooves 6 at different positions, and three cross braces 7 are adopted behind the transparent movable baffle to avoid bending deformation. And (5) repeating the steps (1) to (9) to obtain the soil displacement, the slip crack surface development form and the soil pressure distribution rule under the condition of different widths of the limited soil behind the wall.
Compared with the prior art in the model test device, the utility model discloses a limited stickness soil owner passive soil pressure model test device behind the flexible barricade wall of foundation ditch can be to the weak stickness soil horizon characteristic that generally meets in the current engineering practice activity to and the multiple deformation mode of foundation ditch engineering envelope, be used for simulating foundation ditch envelope's model wall 11 deformation mode and displacement size through the 9 accurate control of displacement control handle, obtain under the multiple limited soil body width condition, weak stickness soil pressure and displacement law and size. The active state and the passive state of the soil body behind the wall are realized by reducing and increasing the displacement of the displacement control handle 9. And under the condition of weak cohesive soil, corresponding relations between limited soil body soil pressure and soil body displacement and the deformation mode and the displacement size of the foundation pit support structure are obtained.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments shown and described. To the technical field of the utility model belongs to the prerequisite of not deviating from the utility model discloses, can also make a plurality of equal substitution or obvious variants, performance or usage are the same moreover, all should regard as belonging to the utility model's scope of protection.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a limited stickness soil owner passive earth pressure model test device behind flexible barricade wall of foundation ditch, its characterized in that includes:
the test bench unit comprises a fixed steel frame, a model box and a transparent movable baffle plate device, wherein the model box is embedded in the fixed steel frame, cohesive soil for the model is filled in the model box, the physical and mechanical properties of the cohesive soil are similar to the weighted average value of the physical and mechanical properties of the prototype, and the transparent movable baffle plate device is used for controlling the width of a limited soil body;
the loading and unloading unit comprises at least five displacement control handles, a counter-force device and a connected model wall, wherein the displacement control handles are uniformly arranged in the burial depth direction of the model wall, a bracket on one side of each displacement control handle is fixed on the counter-force device, and the other side of each displacement control handle is fixedly connected with the model wall;
contact and non-contact monitoring unit, contact monitoring unit includes: miniature soil pressure gauges are uniformly arranged in the vertical direction on one side, which is in contact with the cohesive soil, of the model wall and are used for monitoring the active and passive soil pressures of the cohesive soil; miniature displacement meters are uniformly arranged behind the model wall in the horizontal direction and are used for monitoring the settlement of the earth surface behind the wall disturbed by foundation pit construction; the non-contact monitoring unit comprises a PIV monitoring unit and is used for observing a topshear strain rate cloud chart of the cohesive soil in the whole process of foundation pit construction and comparing the maximum shear strain rate cloud chart with the monitoring result of the contact monitoring unit.
2. The foundation pit flexible retaining wall back limited cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device according to claim 1, wherein the model box is composed of a toughened glass plate with transparent periphery, a bottom steel plate and an upper cover plate;
the bottom surface steel sheet with the inboard of upper cover plate sets up at least three groups of corresponding draw-in grooves respectively, the draw-in groove is used for interior the insertion transparent adjustable fender.
3. The foundation pit flexible retaining wall back limited cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device according to claim 2, wherein sealing strips are arranged in a gap between the bottom steel plate and the toughened glass plate and a gap between the bottom steel plate and the transparent movable baffle.
4. The foundation pit flexible retaining wall back limited cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device according to claim 2, wherein the toughened glass plates of the three sides of the model box contacting the cohesive soil for the model are coated with lubricating oil.
5. The foundation pit flexible retaining wall back limited cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device according to claim 4, wherein the transparent movable baffle contacts the side sticker of the cohesive soil for the model, and the friction angle between the transparent movable baffle and the cohesive soil for the model is adjusted.
6. The foundation pit flexible retaining wall rear limited cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device according to claim 2, wherein a horizontal cross brace is arranged between the transparent movable baffle and the toughened glass plate on one side of the model box which is not in contact with the cohesive soil for the model, and is used for increasing the rigidity of the transparent movable baffle.
7. The foundation pit flexible retaining wall back limited cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device of claim 1, wherein the rigidity of the model wall is similar to the rigidity of a reinforced concrete structure in equal proportion.
8. The foundation pit flexible retaining wall back limited cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device according to claim 1, wherein the side of the model wall contacting the cohesive soil for the model is pasted with paper with different friction coefficients, and the friction angle between the model wall and the cohesive soil for the model is adjusted to be the same as the friction angle between the concrete structure and the prototype cohesive soil.
9. The foundation pit flexible retaining wall back finite cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device according to claim 1, wherein the model cohesive soil adopts pi theorem to determine a similarity criterion and a conversion relationship of flow parameters between the prototype cohesive soil and the model cohesive soil, wherein a geometric similarity ratio Cl-a stress similarity ratio CE-an elastic modulus similarity ratio Cc-a cohesive force similarity ratio Cc-a displacement similarity ratio Cs-a time similarity ratio Ct-a model rate N, a strain similarity ratio C-a gravity similarity ratio C γ -a poisson ratio C μ -an internal friction angle similarity ratio C Φ -1.
10. The foundation pit flexible retaining wall back limited cohesive soil active and passive soil pressure model test device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the displacement control handle penetrates through the reaction device and the transparent tempered glass plate on the model box side, the reaction device and the transparent tempered glass plate on the model box side are provided with holes with corresponding threads at corresponding positions of the displacement control handle, and the other end of the displacement control handle is a rotating handle outside the model box, and the rotation of the rotating handle is not limited by the reaction device and the transparent tempered glass plate.
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| CN114034427A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-11 | 长沙理工大学 | Soil pressure multiple spot distribution testing arrangement |
| CN114034427B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2024-03-26 | 长沙理工大学 | Soil pressure multiple spot distribution testing arrangement |
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