CN111521136A - Reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection method and detection device based on horizontal shear wave - Google Patents

Reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection method and detection device based on horizontal shear wave Download PDF

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CN111521136A
CN111521136A CN202010385505.XA CN202010385505A CN111521136A CN 111521136 A CN111521136 A CN 111521136A CN 202010385505 A CN202010385505 A CN 202010385505A CN 111521136 A CN111521136 A CN 111521136A
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crack
concrete
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林世镔
王誉瑾
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Dalian Ocean University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing of civil engineering structures, and provides a reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection method and a detection device based on horizontal shear waves. Firstly, detecting and obtaining the propagation speed of a horizontal shear wave in concrete in a sound area; secondly, detecting at the crack to obtain the first-motion wave travel time after the diffraction of the crack end; and then, calculating the depth of the crack by combining the measured wave speed, the horizontal distance from the sensor to the transmitting end and the travel time of the first-arrival wave after the crack diffracts. The receiving end of the developed equipment is provided with a plurality of sensors which can simultaneously receive a plurality of signals which are emitted by the same wave source end but pass through different propagation paths, and the average value of the crack depths is calculated by utilizing a plurality of signals detected at one time to serve as the optimal estimated value of the detection at one time. The development of the accurate nondestructive testing method for the concrete crack depth has important engineering significance for quantitatively evaluating concrete diseases and ensuring the use safety of the structure.

Description

Reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection method and detection device based on horizontal shear wave
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing of civil engineering structures, and provides a reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection method and a detection device based on horizontal shear waves.
Background
Concrete cracking caused by concrete shrinkage, stress action, alkali-aggregate reaction, improper maintenance and the like is a common disease of in-service reinforced concrete structures. The development of cracks accelerates the corrosion of the steel bars inside the concrete, resulting in a reduction in the bearing capacity and durability of the structure, and finally threatening the safety of the structure in use. Although the opening of the concrete crack is visible at the concrete surface, the opening is often too small to measure the crack depth directly. The method of drilling and sampling at the crack can accurately measure the depth of the crack, but will cause a certain damage to the structure. Therefore, the development of a nondestructive testing method for the concrete crack depth has important engineering significance for quantitatively evaluating concrete diseases and ensuring the use safety of a structure.
Research shows that although the existing concrete crack depth nondestructive detection method can detect cracks, the detection precision is often low, and the detection cannot be generally carried out when the cracks are deep. The main reason for the limitation of the existing method is that the existing method detects the crack based on the diffraction phenomenon of the compression wave at the end of the crack, the compression wave is attenuated quickly when propagating in the concrete, and the compression wave is subjected to waveform transformation after being diffracted at the end of the crack to generate other types of waves, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of a detection signal is further reduced. In addition, the existing method adopts a single sensor mode, depth estimation can be given only by measuring for many times, and real-time detection cannot be realized due to low detection speed. The invention discovers for the first time that the horizontal shear wave has the advantages of low attenuation rate when propagating in the concrete with the crack and no waveform conversion after diffraction at the crack end. The concrete crack detection equipment based on the horizontal shear wave is developed, and a detection result can be given in real time when the equipment is in contact with a crack area, so that the concrete crack detection equipment becomes a problem to be solved by the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a concrete crack depth detection method and invent a corresponding detection device based on the characteristic of high signal-to-noise ratio when horizontal shear waves are propagated in concrete with cracks. The specific technical scheme is as follows: firstly, processing reflected waves at the bottom of the plate and diffracted waves at a crack by using Hilbert transform to obtain absolute amplitude information of the reflected waves and the diffracted waves; secondly, extracting the travel time of the reflected wave and the diffracted wave from the absolute amplitude of the wave, and obtaining the relationship between the travel time of the wave and the distance of the sensor in different propagation paths by using a plurality of sensors in different distances; secondly, calculating the propagation speed of the wave in the concrete by combining the function relation of the travel time and the depth of the reflected wave at the bottom of the plate, and calculating the depth of the crack by combining the propagation speed of the wave and the travel time of the diffracted wave at the crack; and finally, integrating the theory to develop the horizontal shear wave diffraction-based crack depth detection equipment, wherein the equipment comprises a wave source transmitting end, a sensor receiving end, a signal acquisition chip, a CPU (central processing unit) processor, a control panel and a data storage and display screen.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection device based on horizontal shear waves comprises a host 1, a pulse output control 2, a wave source transmitting end 3, a sensor receiving end 4, a data acquisition chip 5, an I/O interface 6, a CPU (central processing unit) processor 7, a control panel 8, a display screen 9 and a data storage disk 10; the detection device integrates all components through a host 1; the pulse output control 2 outputs specified pulse waves to the wave source transmitting end 3, the wave source transmitting end 3 is in coupling contact with the surface of the concrete to be detected to transmit the pulse waves to the concrete, the sensor receiving end 4 receives signals which are transmitted by the wave source transmitting end 3 and penetrate through a concrete crack area, the data acquisition chip 5 acquires the signals received by the sensor receiving end 4 by using specified sampling frequency, the I/O interface 6 transmits the acquired signals to the CPU 7, the CPU 7 performs calculation analysis according to parameters set by the control panel 8, and calculation results are transmitted to the display screen 9 and stored in the data storage disk 10.
A reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection method based on horizontal shear waves comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining absolute amplitude information of horizontal shear waves
Let u (t) be the real signal that is reflected from the source on one side of the fracture and diffracted by the end of the fracture and recorded by the sensor on the other side of the fracture, and v (t) be its Hilbert transform, which is referred to as the projection of the real signal in the signal processing.
The Hilbert transform is defined as:
Figure BDA0002483749560000031
the effect of the Hilbert transform is to shift its phase without changing the amplitude and frequency of the original signal
Figure BDA0002483749560000032
This writes the real signal and its projection as a complex function of the real part plus the imaginary part:
Y(t)＝u(t)+i·v(t)
according to Euler's formula eiθ(t)Cos θ (t) + i · sin θ (t), y (t) can be written as:
Y(t)＝|A(t)|eiθ(t)
where | a (t) | is the real signal amplitude. Thus, for any one of the fluctuating signals, its corresponding amplitude can be found:
Figure BDA0002483749560000033
step two: extracting wave travel time and establishing relation between the wave travel time and sensor distance
The travel time (T) of the wave, i.e. the point corresponding to the point at which the wave signal starts to appear non-zero, is extracted from the amplitude of the wave and uses the different distances (x)1,x2,…,xn) The n sensors obtain the wave travel time (T) of different propagation paths1,T2,…,Tn) And establishing the relation (x-T) between the wave travel time and the sensor distance.
Step three: acquiring the propagation speed of horizontal shear waves in concrete
Acquiring the relation (x-T) between the travel time of the reflected wave at the bottom of the slab and the distance of the sensor in a perfect area without cracks of the concrete, and acquiring the propagation speed of the horizontal shear wave in the concrete according to the slope of the relation x-T:
Figure BDA0002483749560000034
in the formula, H is the thickness of the area, xiAs sensor distance, Δ TiThe reflected wave travel time after the plate bottom reflection is recorded for the ith sensor.
And averaging wave velocity estimated values obtained by all the sensors to obtain an optimal estimated value of the concrete wave velocity:
Figure BDA0002483749560000035
step four: calculating the depth of the crack by combining the function relation between the diffracted wave travel time and the depth of the crack after the diffraction at the end of the crack
The depth of the crack can be calculated according to the relation between the diffraction wave travel time recorded by the ith sensor and the depth of the crack:
Figure BDA0002483749560000041
in the formula, the propagation speed of V horizontal shear wave in the concrete to be detected, TiRecording the diffracted wave travel time x after diffraction at the end of the crack for the ith sensoriIs the horizontal distance of the sensor from the source of the wave. And averaging depth estimated values obtained by all sensors to obtain an optimal estimated value of the crack depth:
Figure BDA0002483749560000042
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection method based on the horizontal shear wave utilizes the advantages of low attenuation rate of the horizontal shear wave and no waveform conversion after diffraction, and has important value for improving the detection precision of the in-service reinforced concrete structure crack depth due to high signal-to-noise ratio of a detection signal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a connection diagram of the detecting unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the detecting unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a reflected wave from the floor of a concrete sound zone;
FIG. 5 is an absolute amplitude of a reflected wave from a sound area of concrete;
FIG. 6 is a fracture diffraction wave for a concrete fracture region;
FIG. 7 is an absolute amplitude of a diffracted wave of an intact area of concrete;
in the figure: 1, a host; 2, pulse output control; 3, a wave source transmitting end; 4, a sensor receiving end; 5, a data acquisition chip; 6I/O interface; 7 a CPU processor; 8 a control panel; 9 a display screen; 10 data storage disk.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.
The effectiveness of the method is verified by adopting detection data on a concrete bridge plate with cracks, and the real depth of the cracks is 94 mm.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
(1) the method comprises the steps of selecting a good area on a concrete bridge deck, detecting by using the device (figure 3) of the invention, ensuring that a wave source transmitting end of equipment and a sensor receiving end are in good contact during detection, obtaining a plate bottom reflected wave (figure 4) of the good area of the concrete, obtaining absolute amplitude information (figure 5) of the wave by using Hilbert transformation, extracting reflected wave travel time from the absolute amplitude information, namely propagation time corresponding to a point where a reflected wave signal begins to appear nonzero (figure 5), obtaining the reflected wave travel time of different propagation paths by using a plurality of sensors with different distances, and establishing a relation between the reflected wave travel time and the distance of the sensors to calculate the propagation speed of the wave in the concrete.
(2) Selecting a crack area, adjusting the position of a device to enable a crack to be located between a transmitting end and a receiving end (figure 2), detecting by using the device, ensuring that the wave source transmitting end of the device and the sensor receiving end are in good contact during detection, obtaining diffracted waves of the crack area of the concrete (figure 6), obtaining absolute amplitude information of the diffracted waves (figure 7) by using Hilbert transformation, extracting diffracted wave travel time (figure 7) from the absolute amplitude information, obtaining the diffracted wave travel time of different propagation paths by using a plurality of sensors with different distances, establishing the relation between the diffracted wave travel time of each sensor and the sensor distance, calculating the crack depth by combining the propagation speed of the waves in the concrete, and averaging depth estimated values obtained by all the sensors to be used as the optimal estimated value of the crack depth;
(3) the estimated crack depth is 96.5 mm, and the comparison of the estimated crack depth and the actual crack depth shows that the detection accuracy of the invention reaches 96.5%.

Claims (2)

1. A reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection device based on horizontal shear waves is characterized by comprising a host (1), a pulse output control (2), a wave source transmitting end (3), a sensor receiving end (4), a data acquisition chip (5), an I/O interface (6), a CPU (central processing unit) processor (7), a control panel (8), a display screen (9) and a data storage disc (10); the detection device integrates all components through a host (1); the method comprises the steps that a pulse output control (2) outputs specified pulse waves to a wave source transmitting end (3), the wave source transmitting end (3) is in coupling contact with the surface of the concrete to be detected to transmit the pulse waves to the concrete, a sensor receiving end (4) receives signals which are transmitted by the wave source transmitting end (3) and penetrate through a concrete crack area, a data acquisition chip (5) acquires the signals received by the sensor receiving end (4) by using specified sampling frequency, an I/O interface (6) transmits the acquired signals to a CPU (central processing unit) processor (7), the CPU processor (7) carries out calculation analysis according to parameters set by a control panel (8), and calculation results are transmitted to a display screen (9) and stored in a data storage disc (10).
2. A reinforced concrete structure crack depth detection method based on horizontal shear waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining absolute amplitude information of horizontal shear waves
Let u (t) be the real signal recorded by the sensor on the other side of the crack after being emitted from the wave source on one side of the crack and diffracted by the crack end, and v (t) be its Hilbert transform, which is called as the projection of the real signal in the signal processing; the Hilbert transform is defined as:
Figure FDA0002483749550000011
the effect of the Hilbert transform is to shift its phase without changing the amplitude and frequency of the original signal
Figure FDA0002483749550000012
This writes the real signal and its projection as a complex function of the real part plus the imaginary part:
Y(t)＝u(t)+i·v(t)
according to Euler's formula eiθ(t)Cos θ (t) + i · sin θ (t), y (t) is written as:
Y(t)＝|A(t)|eiθ(t)
wherein, | a (t) | is the real signal amplitude; thus, for any one of the fluctuating signals, its corresponding amplitude is obtained:
Figure FDA0002483749550000021
step two: extracting wave travel time and establishing relation between the wave travel time and sensor distance
The travel time (T) of the wave, i.e. the point corresponding to the point at which the wave signal starts to appear non-zero, is extracted from the amplitude of the wave and uses the different distances (x)1,x2,…,xn) The n sensors obtain the first arrival travel time (T) of different propagation paths1,T2,…,Tn) Establishing a relation x-T between the wave travel time and the sensor distance;
step three: acquiring the propagation speed of horizontal shear waves in concrete
Acquiring the relation x-T between the travel time of the reflected wave at the bottom of the slab and the distance of the sensor in a perfect area without cracks of the concrete, and acquiring the propagation speed of the horizontal shear wave in the concrete according to the relation x-T:
Figure FDA0002483749550000022
in the formula, H is the thickness of the area, xiAs sensor distance, Δ TiRecording the reflected wave travel time after the ith sensor reflects to the bottom of the plate;
and averaging wave velocity estimated values obtained by all the sensors to obtain an optimal estimated value of the concrete wave velocity:
Figure FDA0002483749550000023
step four: calculating the depth of the crack by combining the function relation between the diffracted wave travel time and the depth of the crack after the diffraction at the end of the crack
The depth of the crack can be calculated according to the relation between the diffraction wave travel time recorded by the ith sensor and the depth of the crack:
Figure FDA0002483749550000024
in the formula, the propagation speed of V horizontal shear wave in the concrete to be detected, TiRecord the first-arrival travel time, x, of the diffracted crack end for the ith sensoriThe horizontal distance of the sensor from the wave source; and averaging depth estimated values obtained by all sensors to obtain an optimal estimated value of the crack depth:
Figure FDA0002483749550000031
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CN115527109A (en) * 2022-08-29 2022-12-27 邯郸市亿润工程咨询有限公司 Underwater concrete disease monitoring method and device, underwater robot and medium

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