CN111520617B - Device and method for monitoring cracking of mortar protective layer of prestressed concrete cylinder pipe based on piezoelectric sensing technology - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring cracking of mortar protective layer of prestressed concrete cylinder pipe based on piezoelectric sensing technology Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for monitoring cracking of a mortar protective layer of a prestressed concrete cylinder pipe based on a piezoelectric sensing technology, wherein lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) is used as a sensor and embedded in the mortar protective layer for transmitting signals and receiving the signals, and the signals are transmitted in the mortar in the form of mechanical body waves. The PZT piezoelectric ceramic piece at the transmitting end is excited to vibrate to generate stress waves and then is transmitted in the mortar, when the stress waves are transmitted to a crack of the mortar, the stress waves can generate energy loss due to scattering, diffraction, reflection and other reasons, and when the stress waves are finally transmitted to the receiving end of the PZT piezoelectric ceramic piece, the vibration can be caused to generate electric signals. And determining existence, position and quantity of mortar cracking by comparing physical quantities such as amplitude, waveform, energy and the like of the electrical signals under the condition of intact mortar and the condition of mortar cracking. The device has the advantages of low cost, high sensitivity, good stability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crack monitoring device and method based on a piezoelectric sensing technology.
Background
The PCCP pipe is a first generation prestressed concrete pressure pipe which is researched and developed on the basis of the advanced technology and key equipment introduced, digested and absorbed abroad in recent decades of China, is widely adopted in national strategic water delivery projects such as the south water and north water diversion at present, and has a strong engineering application background. And the mortar protective layer is positioned on the outermost layer of the PCCP structure, and has the functions of seepage resistance, carbonization resistance, sulfate resistance, chloride ion invasion resistance and the like, so that the inner prestressed steel wires and the steel cylinder are prevented from being corroded by water and other corrosive media, and the structural safety and the service life of the PCCP pipe are guaranteed. Therefore, the mortar protective layer of the PCCP pipe has very important significance for the use and maintenance of the PCCP structure. However, the current nondestructive monitoring research aiming at the damage and cracking of engineering materials mainly focuses on concrete and steel structures, and an effective and feasible method and deep research aiming at mortar are lacked. Based on the above points, it is very important to develop a method and a device for monitoring the cracking of the mortar protective layer, which have low cost and can be tried in the actual working and running state of the PCCP.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for monitoring cracking of a mortar protective layer of a Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) based on a piezoelectric sensing technology.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the purpose of the invention is that the device for monitoring the cracking of the mortar protective layer of the Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) based on the piezoelectric sensing technology comprises an oscilloscope, a data analysis system, a dynamic data acquisition system and a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece pre-embedded in a PCCP monitoring section.
The PCCP monitoring section is a hollow pipe section with two open ends, the PCCP monitoring section comprises inner pipe core concrete, outer pipe core concrete and a mortar protective layer, the inner pipe core concrete is the innermost layer of the pipe wall, the outer surface of the inner pipe core concrete is sleeved with a steel cylinder, the outer surface of the steel cylinder is wrapped with the outer pipe core concrete, the outer pipe core concrete is wound with prestressed steel wires, and the mortar protective layer wraps the outer pipe core concrete and the prestressed steel wires.
A plurality of lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic pieces are pre-buried in a mortar protective layer of a PCCP monitoring section, every three lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic pieces are distributed on the same cross section of the mortar protective layer, the three lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic pieces are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the mortar protective layer, the three lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic pieces form a piezoelectric ceramic piece group, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece groups are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the mortar protective layer.
The oscilloscope is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece which is used as a signal transmitting end. The dynamic data acquisition system is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece adjacent to the signal transmitting end, and the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece is used as a signal receiving end. The oscilloscope excites the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic pieces connected with the oscilloscope to vibrate through sine signals, the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic pieces generate vibration and generate stress waves, the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic pieces at the signal receiving end generate electric signals due to the stress waves, and the dynamic data acquisition system receives the electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the data analysis system for data storage and analysis processing.
Further, positive and negative connector lugs are arranged on the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheets and extend out of the mortar protective layer of the PCCP monitoring section.
The oscilloscope is connected with positive and negative connector lugs on the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece, and the dynamic data acquisition system is connected with positive and negative connector lugs on the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece.
Further, the distance between the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece and the outer surface of the mortar protective layer is 1-2mm.
A method for monitoring cracking of a mortar protective layer of a Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) based on a piezoelectric sensing technology comprises the following steps based on the device:
1) And pouring inner tube core concrete and outer tube core concrete of the two PCCP monitoring sections, and winding prestressed steel wires on the surface of each outer tube core concrete.
2) And inserting a plurality of positioning steel plates on the outer surface of each outer tube core concrete, wherein the length of the positioning steel plates extending out of the outer tube core concrete is consistent with the thickness of the mortar protective layer. Wherein, every three location steel sheet distributes on outer tube core concrete's same cross section, and these three location steel sheets are arranged along outer tube core concrete's circumference equidistant, and a location steel sheet group is constituteed to these three location steel sheets, and a plurality of location steel sheet groups are arranged along outer tube core concrete's axial equidistant. Each positioning steel plate is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate.
3) And pouring the mortar protective layers of the two PCCP monitoring sections to ensure that the positive and negative electrode connector lugs of each lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece are exposed out of the mortar protective layers. And the distance between the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate and the outer surface of the mortar protective layer is 1-2mm.
4) And inserting the steel sheet into the mortar protective layer of the PCCP monitoring section along the cross section direction of the PCCP monitoring section.
5) Before the mortar protective layer is finally set, the steel sheet is pulled out, and cracks are formed on the mortar protective layer, so that a complete PCCP monitoring section and a PCCP monitoring section with the cracks are manufactured.
6) And monitoring the intact PCCP monitoring section, respectively connecting positive and negative terminals of two adjacent lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheets to an oscilloscope and a dynamic data acquisition system along the axial direction of the PCCP monitoring section, and collecting the position of each lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet into the dynamic data acquisition system. The oscilloscope stimulates the connected lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece to vibrate, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece generates stress waves due to the vibration, the other lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece generates an electric signal I due to the stress waves, the dynamic data acquisition system receives the electric signal I and transmits the electric signal I to the data analysis system for data storage and analysis processing.
7) And monitoring the PCCP monitoring section provided with the crack, wherein positive and negative connector lugs of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces on two sides of the crack are respectively connected to an oscilloscope and a dynamic data acquisition system, and the position of each lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece is collected into the dynamic data acquisition system. The oscilloscope excites the connected lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces to vibrate, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces generate stress waves due to vibration, the other lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece generates an electric signal II due to the stress waves, and the dynamic data acquisition system receives the electric signal II and transmits the electric signal II to the data analysis system for data storage and analysis processing.
8) The data analysis system analyzes the amplitude, waveform and energy of the electric signal I and the electric signal II on the corresponding positions of the two PCCP monitoring sections, and when the amplitude of the electric signal II is reduced by more than 15% compared with the amplitude of the electric signal I, the mortar protective layer at the position is judged to generate cracks, so that the existence, the position and the number of the cracks are counted.
Further, steps 6) and 7) are both carried out in a state that the PCCP monitoring section is in water supply or water cut-off.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the occurrence of cracks can be monitored by comparing the change of stress wave signals before and after damage;
2. the device has the advantages of small material volume, low cost and strong operability;
3. the method can monitor the generation of the cracks and judge the development form of the cracks; when the fracture extends inside the mortar bed, the monitoring sensitivity can be improved using the bulk wave as a signal wave.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a monitoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a remote view of the mortar protection layer monitoring of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of signal amplitudes of stress wave receiving ends of a crack-free mortar protective layer and a crack-containing mortar protective layer;
FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheets along the axial direction of a mortar protective layer;
fig. 5 is a distribution diagram of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheets along the circumferential direction of a mortar protective layer.
In the figure: the device comprises an oscilloscope 1, a data analysis system 2, a dynamic data acquisition system 3, a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4, a PCCP monitoring section 5 and a crack 501.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
the embodiment discloses a device for monitoring cracking of a mortar protective layer of a Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) based on a piezoelectric sensing technology, which comprises an oscilloscope 1, a data analysis system 2, a dynamic data acquisition system 3 and a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 pre-embedded in a PCCP monitoring section 5.
The lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 is PZT for short, and the data analysis system 2 is a notebook workstation.
The PCCP monitoring section 5 is a hollow pipe section with two open ends, the PCCP monitoring section 5 comprises inner pipe core concrete, outer pipe core concrete and a mortar protective layer, the inner pipe core concrete is the innermost layer of the pipe wall, a steel cylinder is sleeved on the outer surface of the inner pipe core concrete, the outer surface of the steel cylinder is wrapped with the outer pipe core concrete, the outer pipe core concrete is wound with prestressed steel wires, and the mortar protective layer wraps the outer pipe core concrete and the prestressed steel wires.
And a plurality of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 are pre-embedded in the mortar protective layer of the PCCP monitoring section 5, and the distance between the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 and the outer surface of the mortar protective layer is 1-2mm. And positive and negative connector lugs are arranged on the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 and extend out of the mortar protective layer of the PCCP monitoring section 5, so that the follow-up connection of the oscilloscope 1 and the dynamic data acquisition system 3 is facilitated.
Referring to fig. 5, three lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plates 4 are distributed on the same cross section of the mortar protective layer, the three lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plates 4 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the mortar protective layer, and the three lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plates 4 form a piezoelectric ceramic plate group. Referring to fig. 4, a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the mortar protective layer, and the optimal interval between two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheet groups is determined by setting different intervals before monitoring.
Referring to fig. 1 or 2, the oscilloscope 1 is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4, and the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 serves as a signal transmitting terminal. The dynamic data acquisition system 3 is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 adjacent to the signal transmitting end, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 serves as a signal receiving end, and position information of the signal transmitting end and the signal receiving end is led into the dynamic data acquisition system 3. The oscilloscope 1 excites the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 connected with the oscilloscope 1 to vibrate through sine signals, the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 generates vibration and generates stress waves, the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 at the signal receiving end generates electric signals due to the stress waves, the dynamic data acquisition system 3 receives the electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the data analysis system 2 for data storage and analysis processing.
The monitoring device of the embodiment takes the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 as a sensor embedded in the mortar protective layer for transmitting signals and receiving signals. The signal propagates in the mortar in the form of mechanical body waves. Referring to fig. 2, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 at the emitting end is excited to vibrate to generate a stress wave, and then propagates inside the mortar, when the stress wave propagates to the crack 501, the stress wave generates energy loss due to scattering, diffraction, reflection and the like, and when the stress wave finally propagates to the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 at the receiving end, vibration will be caused to generate an electrical signal. Referring to fig. 3, the existence, position and amount of mortar cracks are determined by comparing physical quantities such as amplitude, waveform, energy and the like of the electrical signal in the case of intact mortar and in the case of mortar cracks.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a method for monitoring cracking of a mortar protective layer of a Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) based on a piezoelectric sensing technology, and the method is based on the device in the embodiment 1 and comprises the following steps:
1) And pouring inner tube core concrete and outer tube core concrete of the two PCCP monitoring sections 5, and winding prestressed steel wires on the surface of each outer tube core concrete. One PCCP monitoring section 5 serves as a crack-free test piece, the other PCCP monitoring section is used for manufacturing a test piece with a crack, and the length of the PCCP monitoring section 5 is 1m.
2) And inserting six positioning steel plates on the outer surface of each outer tube core concrete, wherein the length of the positioning steel plate extending out of the outer tube core concrete is consistent with the thickness of the mortar protective layer. Wherein, every three location steel sheet distributes on the same cross section of outer tube core concrete, and these three location steel sheets are arranged along the circumference of outer tube core concrete equidistant, and a location steel sheet group is constituteed to these three location steel sheets, and two location steel sheet groups are arranged along the axial interval of outer tube core concrete, and two location steel sheet groups are close to the both ends of PCCP monitoring section 5 respectively, and every location steel sheet group is apart from the 5 tip 10cm of PCCP monitoring section. And along the axial direction of the outer tube core concrete, a connecting line of two adjacent positioning steel plates is marked as a straight line L, the straight line L is parallel to the axis of the PCCP monitoring section 5, and each positioning steel plate is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4.
3) And pouring the mortar protection layers of the two PCCP monitoring sections 5, ensuring that positive and negative electrode connectors of each lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 are exposed out of the mortar protection layers, and ensuring that the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 are 1-2mm away from the outer surfaces of the mortar protection layers.
4) And manufacturing the crack 501, and inserting a steel sheet into the mortar protective layer of the PCCP monitoring section 5 along the cross section direction of the PCCP monitoring section 5, wherein the steel sheet is 0.5mm thick, 30mm high and 200mm long, is perpendicular to the straight line L and is positioned on the middle point of the straight line L.
5) Before the mortar protective layer is finally set, the steel sheet is pulled out, and a crack 501 is formed on the mortar protective layer, so that a complete PCCP monitoring section 5 and the PCCP monitoring section 5 with the crack 501 are manufactured.
6) The PCCP monitoring section 5 can be monitored in a water delivery or water cut-off state, the positive and negative electrode connector lugs of the two lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 on the straight line L are respectively connected to the oscilloscope 1 and the dynamic data acquisition system 3, and the position of each lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 is collected into the dynamic data acquisition system 3. The oscilloscope 1 excites the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 connected to vibrate, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 generates stress waves due to vibration, the other lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 generates an electric signal I due to the stress waves, the dynamic data acquisition system 3 receives the electric signal I and transmits the electric signal I to the data analysis system 2 for data storage and analysis processing.
7) The PCCP monitoring section 5 provided with the crack 501 can be monitored in a water delivery or water cut-off state, positive and negative connectors of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 on two sides of the crack 501 are respectively connected to the oscilloscope 1 and the dynamic data acquisition system 3, and the position of each lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 is collected into the dynamic data acquisition system 3. The oscilloscope 1 excites the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 connected to vibrate, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 generates stress waves due to vibration, the other lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 generates an electric signal II due to the stress waves, the dynamic data acquisition system 3 receives the electric signal II and transmits the electric signal II to the data analysis system 2 for data storage and analysis processing.
8) The data analysis system 2 analyzes the amplitude, waveform and energy of the electric signal I and the electric signal II at each corresponding position of the two PCCP monitoring sections 5, and when the amplitude of the electric signal II is reduced by more than 15% compared with that of the electric signal I, the mortar protective layer at the position is judged to generate cracks, so that the existence, position and number of the cracks 501 are counted.
Referring to fig. 2, one end of the oscilloscope 1 connected to the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 serves as a signal transmitting end, the oscilloscope 1 excites a sinusoidal signal with a specific frequency to the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4, where the specific frequency is an optimal monitoring frequency obtained through multiple tests, and in this embodiment, the specific frequency is 10kHz. One end of the dynamic data acquisition system 3 connected with the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 is used as a signal receiving end, and the dynamic data acquisition system 3 stores and analyzes the received signal.
Referring to fig. 3, it can be seen that, compared with the mortar protective layer without a crack, the signal amplitude of the stress wave receiving end of the mortar protective layer with the crack is obviously reduced, which proves the effectiveness of the monitoring method of the embodiment.
Example 3:
the embodiment discloses a device for monitoring cracking of a mortar protective layer of a Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP) based on a piezoelectric sensing technology, which comprises an oscilloscope 1, a data analysis system 2, a dynamic data acquisition system 3 and a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 pre-embedded in a PCCP monitoring section 5.
The PCCP monitoring section 5 is a hollow pipe section with two open ends, the PCCP monitoring section 5 comprises inner pipe core concrete, outer pipe core concrete and a mortar protective layer, the inner pipe core concrete is the innermost layer of the pipe wall, a steel cylinder is sleeved on the outer surface of the inner pipe core concrete, the outer surface of the steel cylinder is wrapped with the outer pipe core concrete, the outer pipe core concrete is wound with prestressed steel wires, and the mortar protective layer wraps the outer pipe core concrete and the prestressed steel wires.
A plurality of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 are pre-embedded in a mortar protective layer of the PCCP monitoring section 5, every three lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 are distributed on the same cross section of the mortar protective layer, see fig. 5, the three lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the mortar protective layer, the three lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 form a piezoelectric ceramic piece group, see fig. 4, and the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic piece groups are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the mortar protective layer.
Referring to fig. 1 or 2, the oscilloscope 1 is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4, and the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 serves as a signal transmitting terminal. The dynamic data acquisition system 3 is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 adjacent to a signal transmitting end, and the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 serves as a signal receiving end. The oscilloscope 1 excites the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 connected with the oscilloscope through sinusoidal signals to vibrate, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 generates vibration and generates stress waves, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate 4 at a signal receiving end generates electric signals due to the stress waves, the dynamic data acquisition system 3 receives the electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the data analysis system 2 for data storage and analysis processing. The data analysis system 2 contrasts and analyzes the loss of the stress wave in the transmission process of the mortar protective layer, and shows the cracking condition of the mortar protective layer between the two lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4.
Example 4:
the main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3, and further, positive and negative connector posts are arranged on the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4, and extend out of the mortar protection layer of the PCCP monitoring section 5.
Referring to fig. 1, the oscilloscope 1 is connected to positive and negative terminals on the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4, and the dynamic data acquisition system 3 is connected to positive and negative terminals on the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4.
Example 5:
the main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 4, and further, the distance between the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet 4 and the outer surface of the mortar protective layer is 1 to 2mm.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a device of prestressing force steel cylinder concrete pipe mortar protective layer fracture monitoring based on piezoelectric sensing technology which characterized in that: the device comprises an oscilloscope (1), a data analysis system (2), a dynamic data acquisition system (3) and a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate (4) pre-embedded in a PCCP monitoring section (5);
the PCCP monitoring section (5) is a pipe section with two open ends and a hollow interior, the PCCP monitoring section (5) comprises inner pipe core concrete, outer pipe core concrete and a mortar protective layer, the inner pipe core concrete is the innermost layer of the pipe wall, a steel cylinder is sleeved on the outer surface of the inner pipe core concrete, the outer surface of the steel cylinder is wrapped with the outer pipe core concrete, prestressed steel wires are wound on the outer pipe core concrete, and the mortar protective layer wraps the outer pipe core concrete and the prestressed steel wires;
the three lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces (4) are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the mortar protective layer, a piezoelectric ceramic piece group is formed by the three lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces (4), and the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic piece groups are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the mortar protective layer; the distance between the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4) and the outer surface of the mortar protective layer is 1 to 2mm;
the oscilloscope (1) is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece (4), and the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) is used as a signal transmitting end; the dynamic data acquisition system (3) is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) adjacent to a signal transmitting end, and the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) is used as a signal receiving end; the oscilloscope (1) excites the connected lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4) to vibrate through sinusoidal signals, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4) generates vibration and generates stress waves, the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4) at a signal receiving end generates electric signals due to the stress waves, and the dynamic data acquisition system (3) receives the electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the data analysis system (2) for data storage and analysis processing;
the monitoring steps of the device are as follows:
1) Pouring inner tube core concrete and outer tube core concrete of the two PCCP monitoring sections (5), and winding prestressed steel wires on the surface of each outer tube core concrete;
2) Inserting a plurality of positioning steel plates on the outer surface of each outer tube core concrete, wherein the length of the positioning steel plates extending out of the outer tube core concrete is consistent with the thickness of the mortar protective layer; every three positioning steel plates are distributed on the same cross section of the outer tube core concrete, the three positioning steel plates are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer tube core concrete, the three positioning steel plates form a positioning steel plate group, and the plurality of positioning steel plate groups are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the outer tube core concrete; each positioning steel plate is connected with a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic plate (4);
3) Pouring the mortar protective layers of the two PCCP monitoring sections (5) to ensure that the positive and negative electrode connector lugs of each lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) are exposed out of the mortar protective layers; wherein the distance between the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic sheet (4) and the outer surface of the mortar protective layer is 1 to 2mm;
4) Inserting a steel sheet into the mortar protective layer of one PCCP monitoring section (5) along the cross section direction of the PCCP monitoring section (5);
5) Before the mortar protective layer is finally set, pulling out the steel sheet, and forming a crack (501) on the mortar protective layer, thereby manufacturing a complete PCCP monitoring section (5) and the PCCP monitoring section (5) with the crack (501);
6) Monitoring the intact PCCP monitoring section (5), respectively connecting positive and negative electrode connectors of two adjacent lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic pieces (4) to an oscilloscope (1) and a dynamic data acquisition system (3) along the axial direction of the PCCP monitoring section (5), and collecting the position of each lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) into the dynamic data acquisition system (3); the oscilloscope (1) excites the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) connected with the oscilloscope to vibrate, the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) generates stress waves due to vibration, the other lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) generates an electric signal I due to the stress waves, the dynamic data acquisition system (3) receives the electric signal I and transmits the electric signal I to the data analysis system (2) for data storage and analysis processing;
7) Monitoring a PCCP monitoring section (5) provided with the crack (501), wherein positive and negative electrode connectors of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces (4) on two sides of the crack (501) are respectively connected to an oscilloscope (1) and a dynamic data acquisition system (3), and the position of each lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) is collected into the dynamic data acquisition system (3); the oscilloscope (1) excites the connected lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces (4) to vibrate, stress waves are generated by the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic pieces (4) due to vibration, an electric signal II is generated by the other lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) due to the stress waves, the dynamic data acquisition system (3) receives the electric signal II and transmits the electric signal II to the data analysis system (2) for data storage and analysis processing;
8) The data analysis system (2) analyzes the amplitude, waveform and energy of the electric signal I and the electric signal II on the corresponding positions of the two PCCP monitoring sections (5), and when the amplitude of the electric signal II is reduced by more than 15% compared with the amplitude of the electric signal I, the mortar protective layer at the position is judged to generate cracks, so that the existence, position and number of the cracks (501) are counted.
2. The device for monitoring the cracking of the mortar protective layer of the prestressed steel cylinder concrete pipe based on the piezoelectric sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) is provided with a positive connector lug and a negative connector lug, and the positive connector lug and the negative connector lug extend out of a mortar protective layer of the PCCP monitoring section (5);
the oscilloscope (1) is connected with positive and negative connector lugs on the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece (4), and the dynamic data acquisition system (3) is connected with positive and negative connector lugs on the lead zirconate titanate system piezoelectric ceramic piece (4).
3. The device for monitoring the cracking of the mortar protective layer of the prestressed steel cylinder concrete pipe based on the piezoelectric sensing technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the monitoring steps 6) and 7) are both carried out in the state that the PCCP monitoring section (5) is in water delivery or water cut-off.
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