CN101216443B - Piezoelectric intelligent aggregate for civil engineering works structure health monitoring - Google Patents
Piezoelectric intelligent aggregate for civil engineering works structure health monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN101216443B CN101216443B CN2008100100108A CN200810010010A CN101216443B CN 101216443 B CN101216443 B CN 101216443B CN 2008100100108 A CN2008100100108 A CN 2008100100108A CN 200810010010 A CN200810010010 A CN 200810010010A CN 101216443 B CN101216443 B CN 101216443B
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Abstract
The invention relates to piezoelectric intelligent aggregate used for health monitoring of a civil engineering structure, in particular to a structure health monitoring element. The intelligent aggregate comprises a PZT sheet, a waterproof silica gel layer, a shielded wire, a shielded joint and fine aggregate concrete or a mortar cladding layer, wherein, the fine aggregate concrete or the mortar cladding layer is provided outside the intelligent aggregate, the PZT sheet is positioned inside the intelligent aggregate, the waterproof silica gel layer is applied on the PZT sheet, the PZT sheet is connected with one end of the shielded wire, the other end of the shielded wire is connected with the shielded joint, and the shielded joint is connected with a signal emission and collection system. The invention as the main element for health monitoring of the concrete structure has the advantages of high sensitivity, small size, light weight, large strength, and no influence on the overall mechanical performance of the structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of civil engineering works structure health monitoring element, particularly relate to a kind of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate that is used for xoncrete structure is carried out health monitoring.
Background technology
Xoncrete structure is long general tenure of use, and in case builds very difficult the replacement.But the performance of any xoncrete structure is deterioration in time all, and factors such as this is aging mainly due to material itself, excessively use, overload, environmental attack, shortage is safeguarded and detection means is difficult to meet the demands cause.The xoncrete structure health detecting system can be diagnosed the position and the degree of defective (crackle, corrosion etc.) in time, makes structure be repaired timely and reinforce, with integrality and the reliability of guaranteeing structure.At present, there is a lot of structural damage detection methods to use in various xoncrete structures and their member, as static strain (or displacement) test and the Vibration identification method of classics; Nondestructive testing method is as acoustic emission, ultrasonic method, infrared thermal imagery method, pulsed radar method and X ray etc.But most methods all are qualitatively, and will use heavy equipment when carrying out structural damage detection, sometimes also need to interrupt normal activity in production.These methods also finally are difficult to the real-time monitoring of implementation structure health status.
Yet the appearance of intellectual material (as piezoelectric, Fibre Optical Sensor, magnetostriction materials and cement based intelligent compound substance etc.) provides new method for long-term, the real-time health monitoring of xoncrete structure.
For the piezoelectric intelligent material of representative has a specific function that practicality is very strong, promptly piezoelectric effect comprises direct piezo electric effect and inverse piezoelectric effect with piezoelectric ceramics (the formal name used at school lead zirconate titanate is called for short PZT).When the piezoelectricity original paper is applied mechanically deform, will cause inner positive and negative charge center to relatively move and produce a little polarization, thereby cause occurring on two surfaces of element the bound charge of opposite in sign, and electric density and external force are in direct ratio, this phenomenon is called direct piezo electric effect.Direct piezo electric effect has reflected that piezoelectric has the ability that mechanical energy is changed into electric energy.Utilize the direct piezo electric effect of piezoelectric, can be made into sensor (signal receiver); Otherwise, on the piezoelectric element upper and lower surface, apply voltage, because effect of electric field causes the inner positive and negative charge of piezoelectric element center to produce relative displacement, cause the distortion of piezoelectric element, i.e. inverse piezoelectric effect.Inverse piezoelectric effect has reflected that piezoelectric has the ability that electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.Utilize the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric, can be made into and make device (signal generator).Utilize the piezoelectric effect of PZT make sensor and actuator and and structural interaction, can realize health monitoring to structure.
Because external environment such as temperature, humidity etc. are bigger to the influence of piezoelectric, PZT is embedded to can gets rid of its influence of outer bound pair in the middle of the structure, prolong its serviceable life greatly.But the PZT texture material is more crisp, if directly it is imbedded in the structure, the work progress of agent structure very easily causes its damage.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate that is used for xoncrete structure is carried out health monitoring.This piezoelectric intelligent aggregate comprises PZT sheet, silica gel water barrier, shielded conductor, shielded joint, pea gravel concreten or mortar surrounding layer.The present invention is the main element of xoncrete structure health monitoring, have highly sensitive, volume is little, in light weight, characteristics that intensity greatly, does not influence the structural entity stress performance.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate that is used for civil engineering works structure health monitoring, this intelligent aggregate comprise PZT sheet, silica gel water barrier, shielded conductor, shielded joint, pea gravel concreten or mortar surrounding layer; The outside of intelligent aggregate is pea gravel concreten or mortar surrounding layer, the PZT sheet is positioned at the inside of intelligent aggregate, scribbles the silica gel water barrier on it, and the PZT sheet is connected with an end of shielded conductor, the other end of shielded conductor is connected with shielded joint, and shielded joint is connected with signal emission and acquisition system.
Aforesaid a kind of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate that is used for civil engineering works structure health monitoring, this piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is cylindrical, its volume is 8～15cm
3
Aforesaid a kind of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate that is used for civil engineering works structure health monitoring, the method for making of this piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is: earlier the end with PZT sheet and shielded conductor welds together, and one deck silica gel is evenly smeared as water barrier in the PZT sheet surface that will weld again behind the shielded conductor; After treating that silica gel is air-dry, the PZT sheet is placed in the punching block that is filled with parts of fine stone concrete or mortar, continue to add pea gravel concreten or mortar then in the above, after treating pea gravel concreten or mortar vibration compacting, put it in the fog room maintenance 28 days, treat aggregate reach certain intensity after the demoulding be piezoelectric intelligent aggregate.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are:
1. mortar piece of the present invention or pea gravel concreten piece can play the effect of protection PZT sheet, avoid its PZT sheet to be damaged in structure construction procedure; Simultaneously, the change that can effectively reduce external environment such as temperature, humidity impacts its detection.
2. volume of the present invention is little, in light weight, and has certain intensity, and it is imbedded the holistic resistant behavior that can not influence structure in the middle of the xoncrete structure, can also play the effect identical with general aggregate.
3. the present invention adopts shielded conductor to be connected with the PZT sheet, helps PZT sheet opposing interference of noise.
4. the present invention can be used as sensor and actuator use, needn't re-use other structure drive unit in monitoring structural health conditions, and energy consumption is little, can economize on the use of funds.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the direct piezo electric effect principle schematic;
Fig. 2 is the inverse piezoelectric effect principle schematic;
Fig. 3 is the longitudinal profile synoptic diagram of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate of the present invention;
Fig. 4 carries out health monitoring for the present invention to xoncrete structure principle schematic;
Fig. 5 carries out health monitoring for the present invention to xoncrete structure detection signal figure.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the figure, Fig. 1 represents the direct piezo electric effect process, when the piezoelectricity original paper is applied mechanically deform, will cause inner positive and negative charge center to relatively move and produce a little polarization, thereby cause occurring on two surfaces of element the bound charge of opposite in sign, and electric density and external force are in direct ratio, and this phenomenon is called direct piezo electric effect.Direct piezo electric effect has reflected that piezoelectric has the ability that mechanical energy is changed into electric energy.Utilize the direct piezo electric effect of piezoelectric, can be made into sensor (signal receiver); Fig. 2 represents the inverse piezoelectric effect process, applies voltage on the piezoelectric element upper and lower surface, because effect of electric field causes the inner positive and negative charge of piezoelectric element center to produce relative displacement, causes the distortion of piezoelectric element, i.e. inverse piezoelectric effect.Inverse piezoelectric effect has reflected that piezoelectric has the ability that electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.Utilize the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric, can be made into actuator (signal generator).
Piezoelectric just, inverse piezoelectric effect all can describe with piezoelectric equations.Generally, the boundary condition during according to embedding structure that the PZT sheet arranged or member vibration is selected e type piezoelectric equations for use.Under the situation of not considering temperature stress and thermal walking, e type piezoelectric equations can be used system of equations (1) expression
T＝c
ES-eE(1)
D＝e
tS+eE
In the formula, T, D, S and E are respectively stress, electric displacement, strain and field intensity vector, c
EBe elastic stiffness matrix under the short-circuit condition, the specific inductive capacity matrix when e is mechanical grip, e and e
tBe respectively piezoelectric stress constant matrix and transposed matrix thereof.
The longitudinal profile synoptic diagram that Fig. 3 forms for structure of the present invention.This piezoelectric intelligent aggregate comprises PZT sheet 1, silica gel water barrier 2, shielded conductor 3, shielded joint 4, pea gravel concreten or mortar surrounding layer 5; Piezoelectric intelligent aggregate of the present invention is cylindrical, the aggregate outside is pea gravel concreten or mortar surrounding layer 5, PZT sheet 1 is positioned at aggregate inside, scribble silica gel water barrier 2 on it, the PZT sheet is connected with an end of shielded conductor 3, the other end of shielded conductor 3 is connected with shielded joint 4, and shielded joint 4 is connected with signal emission and acquisition system.Adopt shielded conductor and shielded joint can resist interference of noise.
Manufacturing process of the present invention was divided into for seven steps.The first step: with the end welding of PZT sheet 1 with shielded conductor 3, the other end of shielded conductor and shielded joint 4 welding.Smear silica gel as water barrier on PZT sheet surface then, and with silica gel water barrier 2 under state of nature air-dry 24 hours; Second step: be ready to make instrument of the present invention, comprise the aggregate shaping steel die, floor sill etc.; The 3rd step:, be fixed in the timber saddle then in punching block bottom parcel layer of plastic film; The 4th step: stir pea gravel concreten or mortar, when the strength grade of concrete of monitored body structure hangs down, can adopt mortar as major ingredient.Otherwise, when the concrete strength of agent structure is higher, can adopt pea gravel concreten as major ingredient; The 5th step:, in shaping steel die, evenly smear one deck machine oil as release agent for conveniently stripped; The 6th step: in punching block, add a small amount of pea gravel concreten or mortar, behind the vibration compacting PZT sheet is kept flat in it.Continue again in punching block, to add pea gravel concreten or mortar, around punching block, beat gently, treat to get final product behind pea gravel concreten or the mortar vibration compacting with small punty; The 7th step: aggregate was put into the fog room maintenance 28 days, and the demoulding can be used after aggregate reached certain intensity.
Shown in Fig. 4,5, at the inner embedding piezoelectric intelligent aggregate of the present invention of xoncrete structure, wherein an end is as signal projector, and the other end is as signal receiver.Structure is under load action, and degree of injury constantly increases.Under the constant situation of the amplitude that transmits, because degree of injury increases the weight of, the amplitude of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate received signal of the present invention constantly reduces, thereby realizes the effective monitoring to xoncrete structure health status.
Claims (3)
1. a piezoelectric intelligent aggregate that is used for civil engineering works structure health monitoring is characterized in that, this intelligent aggregate comprises PZT sheet (1), silica gel water barrier (2), shielded conductor (3), shielded joint (4) and pea gravel concreten or mortar surrounding layer (5); The outside of intelligent aggregate is pea gravel concreten or mortar surrounding layer (5), PZT sheet (1) is positioned at the inside of intelligent aggregate, scribble silica gel water barrier (2) on it, PZT sheet (1) is connected with an end of shielded conductor (3), the other end of shielded conductor (3) is connected with shielded joint (4), and shielded joint (4) is connected with signal emission and acquisition system.
2. a kind of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate that is used for civil engineering works structure health monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that this piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is cylindrical, and its volume is 8～15cm
3
3. a kind of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate that is used for civil engineering works structure health monitoring according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method for making of this piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is: earlier the end with PZT sheet and shielded conductor welds together, and one deck silica gel is evenly smeared as water barrier in the PZT sheet surface that will weld again behind the shielded conductor; After treating that silica gel is air-dry, the PZT sheet is placed in the punching block that is filled with parts of fine stone concrete or mortar, continue to add pea gravel concreten or mortar then in the above, after treating pea gravel concreten or mortar vibration compacting, put it in the fog room maintenance 28 days, treat aggregate reach certain intensity after the demoulding be piezoelectric intelligent aggregate.
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| CN2008100100108A CN101216443B (en) | 2008-01-02 | 2008-01-02 | Piezoelectric intelligent aggregate for civil engineering works structure health monitoring |
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| CN2008100100108A CN101216443B (en) | 2008-01-02 | 2008-01-02 | Piezoelectric intelligent aggregate for civil engineering works structure health monitoring |
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| CN101216443A CN101216443A (en) | 2008-07-09 |
| CN101216443B true CN101216443B (en) | 2010-09-15 |
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