CN106441643A - Establishment method of intelligent piezoelectric aggregate mechanical model - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an establishment method of an intelligent piezoelectric aggregate mechanical model. The method comprises the steps that mechanical models and mathematical models of a bonded PZT sensor and an embedded PZT sensor are established through a lumped mass method on the basis of a constitutive relation of a PZT direct piezoelectric effect and a vibration principle of structural dynamics respectively; a bonded PZT driving mechanical model and an embedded PZT driving mechanical model which freely vibrate in the length direction of a monolithic PZT are established through the lumped mass method on the basis of a constitutive relation of a PZT inverse piezoelectric effect and the vibration principle of the structural dynamics. The intelligent piezoelectric aggregate has the good compression resistance, shear resistance and freezing-thawing cycle resistance and can meet the requirements of a concrete structure health monitoring technology and a concrete structure damage identification method, effectively solve the problem that at present, most monitoring technologies and damage identification methods are sensitive to measuring errors and reduce the possibility of damage misjudgment.

Description

A kind of method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model

Technical field

The invention belongs to Structural Engineering field, more particularly, to a kind of method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model.

Background technology

Carry out related new theory around smart material and structure system and new method research be pushing structure health monitoring and Damage diagnosis, structural vibration and disaster and respond Based Intelligent Control system and the intelligent important reason repairing architectural study of structure partial damage By basis.Smart material and structure system with piezoelectric as representative, integrates the superior of sensing, driving and information processing Characteristic, is that civil engineering works structure health monitoring has opened up new approach with damaging diagnosis, is widely applied.

Although being taken with damage identification technique based on the civil engineering works structure health monitoring of piezoelectric intelligent sensor and driver Obtained the achievement in research of rather plentiful and substantial stage.But the theoretical research of relevant piezoelectric intelligent sensing/driver, model are built Vertical, numerical simulation, damnification recognition method are set up and experimental study etc. waits to study further, mainly include following side Face:

(1) interface and the acoustic resistance because the boundary condition of PZT sensor and stress state are more complicated, with structure on coagulation Anti- matching performance is poor, and frequency response is narrow etc., is difficult to carry out accurate theory analysis, directly affects its measuring accuracy and validity. At present, piezoelectric transducer and agent structure have embedment and paste two kinds of connected modes, no matter use which kind of connected mode, are all false The stress determining PZT sensor is linear with output voltage, considers less for the impact connecting the factor such as glue-line, causes point There is a certain distance with actual conditions in analysis result.Meanwhile, PZT piece and the conjunction of tack coat and the further investigation of Modeling Theory Few, based on piezoelectric transducer application study is still sent out with device, theoretical simulation is many, and verification experimental verification is few.

(2) in the research based on PZT Drive technology, on the one hand, PZT piece is closed with matrix, using statics balance Principle it is assumed that the strain at contact surface equal calculating driving force, and consider dynamic characteristics under alternating voltage effect for the PZT Research is relatively fewer；On the other hand, in actual applications, it is difficult to accurately set up actuator input signal and its produces driving force Relation；In theoretical research, do not account for the impact to driving force for the adhesive linkage between PZT material characteristic, PZT and matrix.So, The Modeling Theory of adhesive type and flush type PZT actuation techniques and experimental study also imperfection.

(3) as flush type piezoceramic transducer and driver, only by improve its encapsulation and strengthen its construction protect Shield measure, the raising role being used for the life-span is extremely limited.The PZT sensor of embedment inside configuration and driver surface Face problem of aging, once lost efficacy will be difficult to directly replace.Meanwhile, embedded-type sensor and driver basic mechanical performance are (as resisted Pressure, shearing resistance) and itself ask with bonding interface degree, fatigue behaviour, durability (as freeze thawing resistance circulation etc.) etc. under higher stress The research of topic also could not be fully solved, and limits its further promotion and application.

(4) working environment of the uncertain influence factor of civil engineering structure and complicated time-varying will be joined to Damage Assessment Method The sensitiveness of number adversely affects, and measured data and structural model have strong essence uncertainty, with deterministic side Formula is processed has essential probabilistic structural damage problem, masks the change damaging the structural response leading to.Structure is existed In continuous monitoring under load action, the damage of structure causes the change of signal may be flooded by noise signal.Only according to The health status of structure can not be reflected by single Monitoring Data once in a while completely, sometimes even the phenomenon that differentiate mistake occurs, Lead to the contradiction of theoretical method and practical application, hinder the monitoring structural health conditions based on piezoelectric intelligent sensing/driver and damage Hinder the application of recognition methods.

(5) traditional monitoring system durability is bad with stability, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is not strong, and the relevant test of development is ground Study carefully based on bridge structure and simple concrete component (beam, post, plate etc.), for large volume, full size cun xoncrete structure also Lack theoretical and experimental study.Based on the labyrinth of piezoelectric sensing/drive characteristic, develop a set of perfect health monitoring plan Slightly and damage synthetic judgement need it is further proposed that.

Content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model is it is intended to solve background skill Problems with described in art：

(1) less for the impact consideration connecting the factors such as glue-line, cause analysis result and actual conditions to exist certain Gap；

(2) in actual applications, it is difficult to accurately set up the relation of actuator input signal and its produces driving force；Do not examine Consider the impact to driving force for the adhesive linkage between PZT material characteristic, PZT and matrix；

(3) as flush type piezoceramic transducer and driver, only by improve its encapsulation and strengthen its construction protect Shield measure, the raising role being used for the life-span is extremely limited；

(4) working environment of the uncertain influence factor of civil engineering structure and complicated time-varying will be joined to Damage Assessment Method The sensitiveness of number adversely affects, and measured data and structural model have strong essence uncertainty, with deterministic side Formula is processed has essential probabilistic structural damage problem, masks the change damaging the structural response leading to；Structure is existed In continuous monitoring under load action, the damage of structure causes the change of signal may be flooded by noise signal, only according to The health status of structure can not be reflected by single Monitoring Data once in a while completely, sometimes even the phenomenon that differentiate mistake occurs, Lead to the contradiction of theoretical method and practical application, hinder the monitoring structural health conditions based on piezoelectric intelligent sensing/driver and damage Hinder the application of recognition methods；

(5) traditional monitoring system durability is bad with stability, anti-electromagnetic interference capability is not strong.

The present invention is achieved in that a kind of method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model includes：

Constitutive relation based on PZT direct piezoelectric effect and the vibration principle of Structural Dynamics, using lumped mass method, difference Set up mechanical model and the Mathematical Modeling of adhesive type and flush type PZT sensor；

Constitutive relation based on PZT inverse piezoelectric effect and the vibration principle of Structural Dynamics, using lumped mass method, difference Set up monolithic PZT free vibration along its length, adhesive type and flush type PZT and drive mechanical model.

Further, when not considering that glue line is damped with itself, between two pole plates of adhesive type PZT intelligence sensor Output voltage amount U/ (t) is：

Wherein, m, k and x are respectively quality, equivalent stiffness and the displacement under load action of PZT, ω_nIntrinsic for PZT Frequency, and meet ω_n=k/m, x (t) are displacement under load action for the PZT piece；

When considering that glue line is damped with itself, the output voltage between two pole plates of adhesive type PZT intelligence sensor Measuring U/ (t) is：

Wherein m₁, c₁, k₁, x₁It is respectively glue-line quality, damping, rigidity and displacement；m₂, k₂, x₂Be respectively PZT quality, Equivalent stiffness and displacement；ω is Simple Harmonic Load driving frequency, ω_nFor PZT intrinsic frequency；

When considering itself damping effect, defeated between two pole plates of adhesive type PZT intelligence sensor PZT intelligence sensor Going out voltage U/ (t) is：

The output voltage of flush type PZT sensor expresses formula：

Further, PZT monolithic free vibration driver is in additional alternating voltage U=U₀Sin ω t effect under along length The analytic solutions of direction vibration displacement are：

PZT monolithic stress distribution in the x-direction is：

Further, the expression formula of upper and lower end face power output F (t) of undamped-free vibration PZT driver is：

Consider that the driving force that glue-line damping effect PZT driver exports is：

Further, described piezoelectric intelligent aggregate includes osmanthus glue waterproof layer, PZT piece, shielded conductor and joint, carefully real concrete Or mortar outsourcing protective layer；

PZT piece is located at aggregate center, and one end of shielded conductor is connected with PZT piece, and the other end is connected with shielded joint, Shielded joint is connected with signal transmitting and collection passage, for carefully real concrete or mortar surrounding layer outside piezoelectric intelligent aggregate.

Further, the preparation method of this piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is：

Step one, by shielded conductor, length is pruned as required, and the protective layer removing wire two ends exposes copper, uses acetone Wipe the oxide-film on the greasy dirt and key silver electrode that remove PZT surface, after dry tack free, ironed from scolding tin and low power electricity Iron connects dry with PZT piece for shielded conductor one end；

Step 2, embedment aggregate in PZT piece and concrete between must not directly contact, by the two of the PZT being welded piece Individual surface coat 1mm about thick waterproof layer, using epoxy resin and curing agent mixture or baby's glue as waterproof material, will The PZT piece coating waterproof material is placed on ventilation airing in natural environment；

Step 3, steel mold is processed into intelligent aggregate required size, and reserves, in punching block one end, the breach drawing wire, Make timber saddle, reserve and punching block identical hole, for fixing punching block, with plastic sheeting, punching block breach is wrapped, and will Punching block is fixed in timber saddle；

Step 4, the strength of materials according to xoncrete structure and stressing conditions, surrounding layer is selected and matrix material compatibility Good mortar or pea gravel concreten；

Step 5, smear a thin layer machine oil as releasing agent in punching block inner homogeneous, the pea gravel concreten having configured is poured Enter in punching block, and concrete compacted by jolting, when the thickness of cast reaches the half of punching block thickness, by ready PZT piece smoothly Put into the middle on punching block inner concrete surface, and wire is placed on indentation, there, continue to add pea gravel concreten into punching block straight To filling up simultaneously jolt ramming, use the floating aggregate surface of trowel after concrete compaction.

Another object of the present invention is to providing a kind of response of the concrete structure power based on described piezoelectric intelligent aggregate Detection and appraisal procedure, the intelligent aggregate imbedding PZT piece as sensor, when intelligent aggregate is under pressure F, is produced by method Raw external circuit voltage V, is expressed as：

Wherein, A_p、h、g₃₃It is respectively area, thickness and the voltage constant of PZT sensor.

The invention discloses it is a kind of, good endurance, strong antijamming capability good with agent structure compatibilities such as concrete, sensitive Spend new sensing/driver element piezoelectric intelligent aggregate high, with low cost and its fabrication processing, by piezoelectric intelligent Aggregate is applied to related construction measure in Practical Project and thin portion requires；Based on the positive inverse piezoelectric effect of PZT, and it is dynamic to combine elasticity Mechanics lumped mass method, establishes by the simplification mechanics mould of adhesive type and flush type PZT sensor, driver and structure composition Type, " power-electricity " analytical expression of derived PZT sensor and driver mechanical model.Demonstrate piezoelectric sensing/driver defeated Enter the linear relationship with output, with set up model can the effectively excitation of simulation monitoring signals and reception rule, test Reasonability and the correctness of the mechanical model set up and numerical value numerical results are demonstrate,proved.

Piezoelectric intelligent aggregate has the ability of good resistance to compression, shearing resistance and freeze thawing resistance circulation, disclosure satisfy that xoncrete structure The demand of health monitoring.So that its can keep the stability of mechanical property under the conditions of Practical Project well it is ensured that with mixed Solidifying soil material has same service life.

Brief description

Fig. 1 is glue line elastic modelling quantity provided in an embodiment of the present invention and PZT sensor output voltage graph of a relation.

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 be respectively the embodiment of the present invention two filtering before and filtered signal graph.

Fig. 4 is the electric signal time-history curves of the simulation input of PZT free vibration sample calculation analysis.

Fig. 5 is the displacement amplitude distribution curve of PZT free vibration sample calculation analysis.

Fig. 6 is displacement-time-history curves that embodiment three provides.

Fig. 7 is the constitutive relationship of stress-strain curve that embodiment three provides.

Fig. 8 is the shear stress amplitude curve that example IV provides.

Fig. 9 is the shearing force time-history curves that example IV provides.

Specific embodiment

In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not used to Limit the present invention.

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is further described to the application principle of the present invention.

A kind of method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model includes：

Constitutive relation based on PZT direct piezoelectric effect and the vibration principle of Structural Dynamics, using lumped mass method, difference Set up mechanical model and the Mathematical Modeling of adhesive type and flush type PZT sensor；

Constitutive relation based on PZT inverse piezoelectric effect and the vibration principle of Structural Dynamics, using lumped mass method, difference Set up monolithic PZT free vibration along its length, adhesive type and flush type PZT and drive mechanical model.

Another object of the present invention is to providing a kind of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate, this piezoelectric intelligent aggregate includes osmanthus glue

Waterproof layer, PZT piece, shielded conductor and joint, carefully real concrete or mortar outsourcing protective layer；

PZT piece is located at aggregate center, and one end of shielded conductor is connected with PZT piece, and the other end is connected with shielded joint, Shielded joint is connected with signal transmitting and collection passage, for carefully real concrete or mortar surrounding layer outside piezoelectric intelligent aggregate.

Another object of the present invention is to providing a kind of response detection of the concrete structure power based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate With appraisal procedure, the method using imbed PZT piece intelligent aggregate as sensor, when intelligent aggregate is under pressure F, produced External circuit voltage V, be expressed as

Wherein, A_p、h、g₃₃It is respectively area, thickness and the voltage constant of PZT sensor.

Further, when not considering that glue line is damped with itself, between two pole plates of adhesive type PZT intelligence sensor Output voltage amount U/ (t) is：

Wherein, m, k and x are respectively quality, equivalent stiffness and the displacement under load action of PZT, ω_nIntrinsic for PZT Frequency, and meet ω_n=k/m, x (t) are displacement under load action for the PZT piece.

Further it is considered to when glue line is damped with itself, defeated between two pole plates of adhesive type PZT intelligence sensor Going out voltage U/ (t) is：

Wherein m₁, c₁, k₁, x₁It is respectively glue-line quality, damping, rigidity and displacement；m₂, k₂, x₂Be respectively PZT quality, Equivalent stiffness and displacement；ω is Simple Harmonic Load driving frequency, ω_nFor PZT intrinsic frequency.

Further it is considered to during itself damping effect, two pole plates of adhesive type PZT intelligence sensor PZT intelligence sensor Between output voltage amount U/ (t) be：

Further, the output voltage expression formula of flush type PZT sensor is：

Further, PZT monolithic free vibration, driver is in additional alternating voltage U=U₀Sin ω t effect under along length The analytic solutions of direction vibration displacement are：

PZT monolithic stress distribution in the x-direction is：

Further, the expression formula of upper and lower end face power output F (t) of undamped-free vibration PZT driver is：

Further it is considered to the driving force of glue-line damping effect PZT driver output is：

Further, the preparation method of described piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is：

Step one, by shielded conductor, length is pruned as required, and the protective layer removing wire two ends exposes copper, uses acetone Wipe the oxide-film on the greasy dirt and key silver electrode that remove PZT surface, after dry tack free, ironed from scolding tin and low power electricity Iron connects dry with PZT piece for shielded conductor one end；

Step 2, embedment aggregate in PZT piece and concrete between must not directly contact, by the two of the PZT being welded piece Individual surface coat 1mm about thick waterproof layer, using epoxy resin and curing agent mixture or baby's glue as waterproof material, will The PZT piece coating waterproof material is placed on ventilation airing in natural environment；

Step 3, steel mold is processed into intelligent aggregate required size, and reserves, in punching block one end, the breach drawing wire, Make timber saddle, reserve and punching block identical hole, for fixing punching block, with plastic sheeting, punching block breach is wrapped, and will Punching block is fixed in timber saddle；

Step 4, the strength of materials according to xoncrete structure and stressing conditions, surrounding layer is selected and matrix material compatibility Good mortar or pea gravel concreten；

Step 5, smear a thin layer machine oil as releasing agent in punching block inner homogeneous, the pea gravel concreten having configured is poured Enter in punching block, and concrete compacted by jolting, when the thickness of cast reaches the half of punching block thickness, by ready PZT piece smoothly Put into the middle on punching block inner concrete surface, and wire is placed on indentation, there, continue to add pea gravel concreten into punching block straight To filling up simultaneously jolt ramming, use the floating aggregate surface of trowel after concrete compaction.

The present invention verifies the accuracy of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model by following examples：

Embodiment one

PZT piece surface is all hooked the Waterproof glue line coating thick 1mm, and makes piezoelectric intelligent aggregate in Transducers Embedded in Concrete.When By active force amplitude 200N, during 3000Hz, the voltage output value that can obtain PZT sensor is

U_S=0.266V

, under the influence of different glue lines, sensor voltage curve of output, as Fig. 1 institute for piezoelectric ceramics in Transducers Embedded in Concrete Show.

Embodiment two

Paste PZT sensor in aluminum flake surface first, then adhesive type and flush type PZT sensor are fixed on fixture On, sinusoidal load excitation is applied by MTp driver, makes sensor receipt signal and pass through digital oscilloscope gathered data.With Employ Butterworth bandpass filtering as a example φ 20PZT monolithic and carry out data processing.As shown in Figures 2 and 3, it is that φ 20PZT is mono- Piece is 2V in driving voltage, under the effect of frequency l00Hz, with filtered signal before the filtering of intercepting.

Filtered signal is significantly better than the signal before filtering, and is calculated the voltage magnitude before filtering and is 0.09634V, filtered voltage magnitude is 0.08627V, and minimum amplitude is 0.08465V, and peak-to-peak value is 0.1709V, and error is

This also demonstrates set up PZT sensing mechanical model is rational.

Embodiment three

According to the PZT driving model set up, to the end displacement-time-history curves in the case of PZT free vibration, stress- Strain constitutive relation distribution curve carries out numerical simulation analysis.Wherein, each parameter of PZT is as shown in the table.

Choose simple harmonic quantity alternating excitation voltage signal frequency f=1.54Hz

I.e. U=U₀Sin (ω t)=300sin (2 π × 1.54) t

Wherein, f is the first natural frequency of cantilever beam in numerical simulation, simulation input electric signal timeamplitude map, such as Fig. 4 With shown in Fig. 5.

The position choosing end displacement maximum is analyzed, and takes time-histories to be Is, draws end displacement-time-history curves, then x =l_LDisplacement-the time-history curves of PZT free vibration at/2, as shown in fig. 6, PZT vibration displacement is with voltage magnitude linearly Relation.Analyze PZT stress under the effect of simple harmonic quantity alternating voltage for each point and Strain Distribution, its relation is as shown in Figure 7.Can by figure Know, PZT driver stress is not only relevant with strain, and changes with the change of electric field strength.But electric-field intensity Impact to PZT each point stress is unrelated with its position, and strain-stress relation still keeps linear relationship, theoretical when setting up with model Analysis result is consistent.

Example IV

By the theory deduction result of above-mentioned PZT driving model and driving equation, to the material behavior of tack coat, the cutting of transmission The impact to PZT driveability of stress and its thickness change carries out sample calculation analysis.Driving voltage signal is still

U=U₀Sin (ω t)=300sin (2 π × 1.54) t

Bonding layer material selection 502 glue, simulation input electric signal time-histories figure, as shown in Figure 8.PZT acts in alternating voltage To during vibration, glue-line transmits shearing force to lower edge length, and its glue-line transmits distribution of shear stress situation, as shown in Figure 9.

As seen from the figure, the shear stress of glue-line transmission is transferred to side from the midpoint of PZT length direction in the form of sine wave Boundary, this is also the root that stress wave produces.

The invention discloses it is a kind of, good endurance, strong antijamming capability good with agent structure compatibilities such as concrete, sensitive Spend new sensing/driver element piezoelectric intelligent aggregate high, with low cost and its fabrication processing, by piezoelectric intelligent Aggregate is applied to related construction measure in Practical Project and thin portion requires；Based on the positive inverse piezoelectric effect of PZT, and it is dynamic to combine elasticity Mechanics lumped mass method, establishes by the simplification mechanics mould of adhesive type and flush type PZT sensor, driver and structure composition Type, " power-electricity " analytical expression of derived PZT sensor and driver mechanical model.Demonstrate piezoelectric sensing/driver defeated Enter the linear relationship with output, with set up model can the effectively excitation of simulation monitoring signals and reception rule, test Reasonability and the correctness of the mechanical model set up and numerical value numerical results are demonstrate,proved.

Piezoelectric intelligent aggregate has the ability of good resistance to compression, shearing resistance and freeze thawing resistance circulation, disclosure satisfy that xoncrete structure The demand of health monitoring.So that its can keep the stability of mechanical property under the conditions of Practical Project well it is ensured that with mixed Solidifying soil material has same service life.

The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model is it is characterised in that described piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model Method for building up include：

Constitutive relation based on PZT direct piezoelectric effect and the vibration principle of Structural Dynamics, using lumped mass method, set up respectively The mechanical model of adhesive type and flush type PZT sensor and Mathematical Modeling；

Constitutive relation based on PZT inverse piezoelectric effect and the vibration principle of Structural Dynamics, using lumped mass method, set up respectively Monolithic PZT free vibration along its length, adhesive type and flush type PZT drive mechanical model.

2. the method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model as claimed in claim 1 is not it is characterised in that consider glue line When damping with itself, output voltage amount U/ (t) between two pole plates of adhesive type PZT intelligence sensor is：

$U\left(t\right)=\frac{d_{33}h}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_0}{T}_3=\frac{d_{33}h}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_0}\frac{kx\left(t\right)}{A_S}=\frac{d_{33}h}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_0}\frac{{\mathrm{kF}}_0{e}^{i\mathrm{\ω}t}}{A_{S}m\left({{\mathrm{\ω}}_n}^2-{\mathrm{\ω}}^2\right)}=\frac{d_{33}h}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_0}\frac{{\mathrm{kF}}_0{e}^{i\mathrm{\ω}t}}{A_S\frac{k}{{{\mathrm{\ω}}_n}^2}\left({{\mathrm{\ω}}_n}^2-{\mathrm{\ω}}^2\right)}=\frac{d_{33}h}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_0}\frac{T_3\left(t\right)e^{i\mathrm{\ω}t}}{\[1-{\left(\frac{\mathrm{\ω}}{{\mathrm{\ω}}_n}\right)}^2\]};$

Wherein, m, k and x are respectively quality, equivalent stiffness and the displacement under load action of PZT, ω_nFor PZT intrinsic frequency, And meet ω_n=k/m, x (t) are displacement under load action for the PZT piece；

When considering that glue line is damped with itself, output voltage amount U/ between two pole plates of adhesive type PZT intelligence sensor T () is：

$U\left(t\right)=\frac{d_{33}{\mathrm{hk}}_2\sqrt{{\[k_2(m_1+m_2)-{\mathrm{\ω}}^2{m}_2{m}_1\]}^2+{\mathrm{\ω}}^2{c}_1^2{(m_1+m_2)}^2}}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_0{A}_P\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}F\left(t\right);$

Wherein m₁, c₁, k₁, x₁It is respectively glue-line quality, damping, rigidity and displacement；m₂, k₂, x₂Be respectively PZT quality, equivalent just Degree and displacement；ω is Simple Harmonic Load driving frequency, ω_nFor PZT intrinsic frequency；

Output electricity when considering itself damping effect, between two pole plates of adhesive type PZT intelligence sensor PZT intelligence sensor Pressure amount U/ (t) is：

$U\left(t\right)=\frac{d_{33}{\mathrm{hkT}}_3\left(t\right)e^{i\mathrm{\ω}t}}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_0\sqrt{{\left(k-{\mathrm{m\ω}}^2\right)}^2+{\left(c\mathrm{\ω}\right)}^2}}=\frac{d_{33}{\mathrm{hT}}_3\left(t\right)e^{i\mathrm{\ω}t}}{{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_r{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_0\sqrt{{\left(1-\frac{{\mathrm{m\ω}}^2}{k}\right)}^2+{\left(\frac{c\mathrm{\ω}}{k}\right)}^2}};$

The output voltage of flush type PZT sensor expresses formula：

3. the method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that PZT monolithic freely shakes Dynamic driver is in additional alternating voltage U=U₀The analytic solutions of vibration displacement along its length under sin ω t effect are：

$u(x,t)=\frac{\mathrm{\Λ}}{\mathrm{\α}}\sec \left(\frac{\mathrm{\α}l}{2}\right)sin\left(\mathrm{\α}x\right)\sin \left(\mathrm{\ω}t\right);$

PZT monolithic stress distribution in the x-direction is：

$T_x=c_{11}^E{S}_1-e_{31}{E}_3=c_{11}^E\mathrm{\Λ}\[\sec \left(\frac{\mathrm{\α}l}{2}\right)cos\left(\mathrm{\α}x\right)-1\]sin\mathrm{\ω}t.$

4. the method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that undamped-free vibration The expression formula of upper and lower end face power output F (t) of PZT driver is：

$F\left(t\right)=K_{eqp}x\left(t\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{mA}}_P{c}_{33}^E{d}_{33}{U}_0{\mathrm{\ω}}^2}{4A_P{c}_{33}^E-2{\mathrm{mh\ω}}^2}sin\mathrm{\ω}t;$

Consider that the driving force that glue-line damping effect PZT driver exports is：

$\begin{array}{c}F\left(t\right)=k_2{x}_2+k_1(x_1-x_2)+c_1(.x_1-.x_2)\\ =\frac{1}{2}{d}_{33}{U}_0{\mathrm{\ω}}^2\left\{\[k_2\left|X_2\right|\sin \mathrm{\ω}t+\left(\left|X_1\right|-\left|X_2\right|\right)\left(k_1\sin \mathrm{\ω}t+{\mathrm{\ωc}}_1\cos \mathrm{\ω}t\right)\]\right\}\end{array}.$

5. the method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described piezoelectric intelligent bone Material includes osmanthus glue waterproof layer, PZT piece, shielded conductor and joint, carefully real concrete or mortar outsourcing protective layer；

PZT piece is located at aggregate center, and one end of shielded conductor is connected with PZT piece, and the other end is connected with shielded joint, shielding Joint is connected with signal transmitting and collection passage, for carefully real concrete or mortar surrounding layer outside piezoelectric intelligent aggregate.

6. the method for building up of piezoelectric intelligent aggregate mechanical model as claimed in claim 5 is it is characterised in that this piezoelectric intelligent bone Material preparation method be：

Step one, by shielded conductor, length is pruned as required, and the protective layer removing wire two ends exposes copper, is wiped with acetone Remove the oxide-film on the greasy dirt and key silver electrode on PZT surface, after dry tack free, will from scolding tin and low power electric iron Shielded conductor one end is dry with PZT piece to be connect；

Step 2, embedment aggregate in PZT piece and concrete between must not directly contact, by two tables of the PZT being welded piece Face coat 1mm about thick waterproof layer, using epoxy resin and curing agent mixture or baby's glue as waterproof material, will coat The PZT piece of waterproof material is placed on ventilation airing in natural environment；

Step 3, steel mold is processed into intelligent aggregate required size, and reserves, in punching block one end, the breach drawing wire, make Timber saddle, reserves and punching block identical hole, for fixing punching block, is wrapped punching block breach with plastic sheeting, and by punching block It is fixed in timber saddle；

Step 4, the strength of materials according to xoncrete structure and stressing conditions, surrounding layer is from good with matrix material compatibility Mortar or pea gravel concreten；

Step 5, smear a thin layer machine oil as releasing agent in punching block inner homogeneous, the pea gravel concreten having configured is poured into steel In mould, and concrete compacted by jolting, when the thickness of cast reaches the half of punching block thickness, ready PZT piece is smoothly put into The middle on punching block inner concrete surface, and wire is placed on indentation, there, continue to add pea gravel concreten into punching block until filling out Full simultaneously jolt ramming, uses the floating aggregate surface of trowel after concrete compaction.

7. a kind of concrete structure power response detection based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate described in claim 5 and appraisal procedure, its Be characterised by, the method using imbed PZT piece intelligent aggregate as sensor, when intelligent aggregate is under pressure F, produced External circuit voltage V, is expressed as：

$V==\frac{g_{33}Fh}{A_P};$

Wherein, A_p、h、g₃₃It is respectively area, thickness and the voltage constant of PZT sensor.