CN111520317A - Prediction judgment method for preventing drilling pump from being held out and pumping pressure protection system thereof - Google Patents
Prediction judgment method for preventing drilling pump from being held out and pumping pressure protection system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111520317A CN111520317A CN202010364014.7A CN202010364014A CN111520317A CN 111520317 A CN111520317 A CN 111520317A CN 202010364014 A CN202010364014 A CN 202010364014A CN 111520317 A CN111520317 A CN 111520317A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B51/00—Testing machines, pumps, or pumping installations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/06—Control using electricity
- F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
Abstract
The invention relates to a safety control technology for petroleum drilling engineering. A prediction and judgment method for preventing a drilling pump from being held back in oil drilling engineering is characterized in that when the drilling pump is started, a sensor and a controller are adopted to detect slurry pressure LP in a vertical pipe and slurry pressure BP at a water outlet of the drilling pump in real time, and the controller calculates the rising rate S1 of the BP in real time according to the obtained slurry pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump: calculating the rising speed S2 of the LP in real time according to the obtained pressure LP in the riser: and then calculating the difference value of S1-S2 in real time, and judging whether the pump is dead or not according to the difference value. The pump pressure protection system comprises a controller and an actuating mechanism, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with output signals of a vertical pipe pressure sensor and a pump pressure detection sensor, the control output end of the controller is connected with the actuating mechanism, and when the possible situation that a pump is blocked is judged, a control gas circuit or a circuit of the drilling pump is cut off to enable the drilling pump not to be started.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a safety control technology of petroleum drilling engineering, in particular to a monitoring, preventing, judging and processing method for preventing misoperation of a drilling pump and a pumping pressure protection system.
Background
The drilling pumps used in oil drilling are equipped with a high pressure valve and a low pressure return valve. If the borehole pump fails and needs maintenance or low-pressure circulation operation, the high-pressure valve of the borehole pump is closed. After the maintenance or low-pressure circulation operation is finished, the closed high-pressure valve must be opened under the condition that the high-pressure pipeline is not pressurized, and then the well drilling pump is allowed to be restarted.
However, in actual operation, due to manual operation errors, the high-pressure valve and the low-pressure water return valve of the drill pump are in a closed state, and the error operation of the drill pump is restarted. The error operation can cause the pumping pressure of the drilling pump to rise extremely rapidly at the moment, and finally, an extremely pump-holding (commonly called a pump-holding-dead) accident occurs.
The invention patent (patent number: 201811049380.2) previously proposed by the applicant provides a method for preventing the misoperation of a drilling pump in the petroleum drilling engineering, wherein a pressure sensor is respectively arranged on the drilling pump and a vertical pipe, and the pressure difference between the pressure of the vertical pipe and the pressure of the drilling pump is compared to judge whether the misoperation of the drilling pump occurs. However, this method has a certain limitation in practical application, and when the ranges of the pump pressure fluctuation and the vertical pressure fluctuation are large, the comparison difference between the pump pressure fluctuation and the vertical pressure fluctuation reaches a judgment value, and the system can misjudge that a pump-out accident occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a prediction judgment method for preventing a drilling pump from being held back in a petroleum drilling project, which can effectively prevent misjudgment caused by large ranges of pump pressure fluctuation and vertical pressure fluctuation;
meanwhile, based on the prediction and judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being held back, the invention provides a pumping pressure protection system capable of preventing the drilling pump from being operated by mistake so as to effectively prevent and avoid the pump from being held back.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for predicting and judging prevention of pump holding-up of a drilling pump in petroleum drilling engineering is characterized in that when the drilling pump is started, a sensor and a controller are adopted to detect slurry pressure LP in a vertical pipe and slurry pressure BP at a water outlet of the drilling pump in real time, and the controller judges whether the pump holding-up condition of the drilling pump occurs or not by executing the following computer program:
1) calculating the rising rate S1 of BP in real time according to the obtained mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump:
s1= BPt/BPt-1; in the formula: BPt represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the drill pump at a certain time t; BPt-1 represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the borehole pump at a time t-1 prior to time t; the unit of t is ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;
2) calculating the rising speed S2 of the LP in real time according to the obtained pressure LP in the riser: s2= LPt/LPt-1; in the formula: LPt denotes the mud pressure in the riser at a certain time t; LPt-1 represents the mud pressure in the riser at a time t-1 prior to a time t; t is unit ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;
3) calculating the difference value of S1-S2 in real time, and judging whether the pump is dead or not according to the difference value:
(1) if the pressure is not less than n from S1 to S2, the high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is judged to be in an open state, the pump cannot be blocked, and the drilling pump can be started;
(2) if S1-S2 is larger than n, the high-pressure valve and the low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are judged to be in a closed state, the pump possibly can be blocked, and the drilling pump cannot be started; and n is a set judgment value.
(3) If the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is not more than N, judging that a high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is in an open state, and starting the drilling pump;
(4) if the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is larger than N, judging that a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are both in a closed state, and the drilling pump cannot be started; n is a set judgment value, and N < N.
The input end of the controller is connected with output signals of a riser pressure sensor and a pumping pressure detection sensor, the control output end of the controller is connected with the execution mechanism, when the drilling pump is started, the controller executes the computer program of the prediction judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being blocked according to the obtained signals of the riser pressure sensor and the pumping pressure detection sensor, judges whether the drilling pump has the situation of the blocking pump (a high-pressure valve is in a closed state), and cuts off a control gas circuit or a circuit of the drilling pump to prevent the drilling pump from being blocked due to misoperation when the possible situation that the drilling pump is blocked is judged to occur.
The pumping pressure protection system for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump in the petroleum drilling engineering timely gives out early warning when the situation that the high-pressure valve is in a closed state and the drilling pump is blocked is detected; and under the conditions that the high-pressure valve is detected to be in a closed state and the high-pressure pipeline has no pressure, opening the closed high-pressure valve and then starting the drilling pump.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for predicting and judging the pump holding-out prevention of the drilling pump utilizes the characteristic that the slurry liquid transmits pressure in a pipeline, and can accurately judge whether a high-pressure valve is closed by calculating and comparing the rate change difference of the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure of the slurry liquid by adopting the pressure sensor so as to ensure that the slurry pump cannot be operated by mistake when being started, the pump holding-out condition cannot occur, and the safety of petroleum drilling production is ensured.
2. According to the prediction and judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being held back, the pressure sensor is adopted to calculate and compare the change of the upstream and downstream pressure rates of the slurry liquid, and compared with the method adopting the pressure sensor to calculate and compare the change of the upstream and downstream pressure absolute values of the slurry liquid, the method can effectively prevent misjudgment caused by the fact that the upstream and downstream pressure fluctuation ranges are large.
3. According to the prediction judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being blocked, when the downstream pressure sensor is damaged, the speed change of the upstream pressure of the slurry liquid is calculated by adopting the pressure sensor, and whether the high-pressure valve is closed or not can be judged. Further ensuring that no pump lock-up occurs.
4. The pump pressure protection system for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump has reasonable design, is easy to realize and convenient to popularize, not only realizes the safety protection of the pump pressure, but also can effectively prevent the misoperation accident of the drilling pump. By utilizing the characteristic that the slurry liquid transmits pressure in a pipeline and calculating and comparing the speed change difference of the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure of the slurry liquid by adopting the pressure sensor, whether the high-pressure valve is closed or not is judged, and the occurrence of misoperation accidents of the drilling pump can be prevented.
5. According to the pump pressure protection system for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump, a new prediction judgment method for judging whether the drilling pump is blocked or not is adopted, so that whether the pump is blocked or not can be effectively monitored, and the reliability is high; the implementation does not need to change the hardware of the existing pumping pressure protection system, does not increase the equipment cost, is easy to realize, ensures the safe production of petroleum drilling and has better social and economic benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the pump pressure protection system (mechanical drilling pump) for preventing the drilling pump from being held;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pump pressure protection system (electric drilling pump) for preventing the drilling pump from being held.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below by means of specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The invention relates to a prediction and judgment method for preventing a drilling pump from being held back in oil drilling engineering, which adopts a sensor and a controller to detect the slurry pressure LP in a vertical pipe and the slurry pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump in real time when the drilling pump is started, and executes the following computer program through the controller to judge whether the drilling pump has the condition of holding back:
1) calculating the rising rate S1 of BP in real time according to the obtained mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump:
S1=BPt/BPt-1
in the formula: BPt represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the drill pump at a certain time t; BPt-1 represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the borehole pump at a time t-1 prior to time t; the unit of t is ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;
2) calculating the rising speed S2 of the LP in real time according to the obtained pressure LP in the riser:
S2=LPt/LPt-1
in the formula: LPt denotes the mud pressure in the riser at a certain time t; LPt-1 represents the mud pressure in the riser at a time t-1 prior to a time t; t is unit ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;
3) calculating the difference value of S1-S2 in real time, and judging whether the pump is dead or not according to the difference value:
(1) if the pressure is not less than n from S1 to S2, the high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is judged to be in an open state, the pump cannot be blocked, and the drilling pump can be started;
(2) if S1-S2 is larger than n, the high-pressure valve and the low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are judged to be in a closed state, the pump possibly can be blocked, and the drilling pump cannot be started; and n is a set judgment value.
Example 2
The method for predicting and judging the prevention of the pump holding of the drilling pump in the petroleum drilling engineering has the following implementation process:
1. a pressure sensor is arranged on the vertical pipe and used for detecting the slurry pressure LP (unit: MPa) in the vertical pipe, and a pressure sensor is arranged on a pipeline at the water outlet of the drilling pump and used for detecting the slurry pressure BP (unit: MPa) at the water outlet of the drilling pump.
2. When the drilling pump is started, the mud pressure BP of the water outlet of the drilling pump and the mud pressure LP in the vertical pipe are simultaneously raised, and the controller calculates the rising rate S1 of the BP in real time according to the obtained mud pressure BP of the water outlet of the drilling pump and the mud pressure LP in the vertical pipe (S1 = BPt/BPt-1; wherein BPt represents the mud pressure of the water outlet of the drilling pump at a certain time t; BPt-1 represents the mud pressure of the outlet of the drilling pump at the previous time t-1 at the certain time t; unit ms of t; and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms); the rise rate of LP is calculated in real time S2 (S2 = LPt/LPt-1; where LPt represents the mud pressure of the riser at a certain time t; LPt-1 represents the mud pressure of the riser at a time t-1 before the certain time t; unit ms of t; and t is less than or equal to 1000 ms). And calculating the difference value of S1-S2 in real time, and judging whether the pump blocking condition occurs according to the difference value:
(1) if n is greater than or equal to n (n is a set judgment value) from S1 to S2, judging that a high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is in an open state, and starting the drilling pump;
(2) if S1-S2 is more than n, the high-pressure valve and the low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are judged to be in a closed state, and the controller cuts off a control gas circuit or a control circuit of the drilling pump to enable the drilling pump not to be started;
(3) if the S1 is less than or equal to N (N is a set judgment value), judging that a high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is in an open state, and starting the drilling pump;
(4) if S1 is more than N, the high-pressure valve and the low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are judged to be in a closed state, and the controller cuts off a control gas circuit or a control circuit of the drilling pump to enable the drilling pump not to be started;
the judgment values N and N are positive integers or decimal numbers, and N is less than N.
According to the monitoring and judging method for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump in the petroleum drilling engineering, when the condition that the high-pressure valve is in a closed state and the drilling pump is blocked is detected, early warning is timely sent out.
Example 3
The method for predicting and judging the prevention of the pump holding of the drilling pump in the petroleum drilling engineering of the embodiment is different from the method in the embodiment 1 in that: further, in the step 3), if the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is not more than N, the high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is judged to be in an open state, and the drilling pump can be started; n is a set judgment value, and N < N.
Example 4
The method for predicting and judging the prevention of the pump holding of the drilling pump in the petroleum drilling engineering of the embodiment is different from the method in the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 3 in that: in the step 3), if the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is larger than N, judging that a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are both in a closed state, and the drilling pump cannot be started; n is a set judgment value, and N < N.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the mechanical borehole pump and the electric borehole pump of the pumping pressure protection system according to the present invention are shown in schematic structural views.
The invention relates to a pump pressure protection system for preventing a drilling pump from misoperation in petroleum drilling engineering, which comprises a controller and an execution mechanism, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with output signals of a vertical pipe pressure sensor and a pump pressure detection sensor, the control output end of the controller is connected with the execution mechanism, when the drilling pump is started, the controller executes a computer program of the prediction judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being held down according to the obtained signals of the vertical pipe pressure sensor and the pump pressure detection sensor, judges whether the drilling pump has the condition of holding down (a high-pressure valve is in a closed state), and cuts off a control gas circuit or a circuit of the drilling pump to prevent the drilling pump from being held down due to misoperation when the possible condition that the drilling pump is held down is judged.
Example 6
The pumping pressure protection system for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump in the oil drilling engineering of the embodiment is different from the pumping pressure protection system in the embodiment 5 in that: further, when the condition that the high-pressure valve is in a closed state and the drilling pump is dead is detected, early warning is timely sent out; the borehole pump can only be started by opening the closed high-pressure valve first, if it is detected that the high-pressure valve is closed and the high-pressure line is not under pressure.
The invention relates to a pump pressure protection system for preventing misoperation of a drilling pump in petroleum drilling engineering, which comprises a vertical pipe pressure sensor, a controller and an execution mechanism, wherein pump pressure detection sensors are respectively arranged correspondingly as common drilling pumps, output signals of the vertical pipe pressure sensor and the pump pressure detection sensors are respectively connected to the controller through an analog-to-digital (AD) converter, two paths of control mechanism outputs are connected with the controller to control and connect a start-stop control circuit of the drilling pump, the controller identifies the occurrence of the misoperation of the drilling pump according to the monitoring and judging method of claim 1, and controls the start-stop of the drilling pump through a corresponding control mechanism so as to prevent the occurrence of pump holding caused by the misoperation of the drilling pump. The controller can adopt an industrial personal computer or adopt the industrial personal computer to be combined with a programmable controller, the output signal of the vertical pipe pressure sensor is connected to a mainboard of the industrial personal computer or the programmable controller through an AD (analog-to-digital) converter, and a switching value output board of the industrial personal computer or the programmable controller outputs a control switching signal. And the output control end of the switching value output board or the programmable controller of the industrial personal computer is connected with a sound alarm circuit, so that early warning under dangerous conditions can be realized.
Referring to fig. 1, for a mechanical drilling pump, a pneumatic control system is adopted as an actuating mechanism, a controller outputs a control signal to be connected with a control electromagnetic valve of the drilling pump, and the controller is connected with a clutch controller of the drilling pump through the electromagnetic valve; referring to fig. 2, for the electric drilling pump, the actuating mechanism adopts an electric control system, and the controller outputs a control signal to connect with a start-stop control circuit of the drilling pump. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a vertical pipe pressure sensor, 2 is a high pressure valve, 3 is a pump pressure detection sensor, and 4 is a low pressure return valve.
A pressure sensor of the drilling pump collects a mud pressure signal in a mud pump outlet pipeline in real time and transmits the mud pressure signal to an AD module; the vertical pipe pressure sensor acquires a mud pressure signal in the vertical pipe in real time and transmits the mud pressure signal to the AD module; a speed setting hand wheel for controlling the starting and stopping of the slurry pump and the running speed collects voltage signals generated by a driller rotating hand wheel in real time and transmits the voltage signals to an AD module; the AD module converts the acquired analog signals into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to the PLC, the PLC communicates with the industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer judges whether misoperation occurs according to a set program, if the misoperation does not occur, the industrial personal computer sends a control instruction to the PLC, and the power transmission system of the slurry pump is switched on through the PLC to enable the slurry pump to normally operate; if misoperation occurs, the industrial personal computer sends a control instruction to the PLC, and a power transmission system of the slurry pump is cut off to stop the slurry pump. Thereby achieving safety protection in case of emergency.
The above examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims of the present invention. The skilled in the art can make other modifications to the embodiments of the present invention or replace them with the conventional ones without creative work, and the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A prediction and judgment method for preventing a drilling pump from being held back in oil drilling engineering is characterized in that when the drilling pump is started, a sensor and a controller are adopted to detect slurry pressure LP in a vertical pipe and slurry pressure BP at a water outlet of the drilling pump in real time, and the method comprises the following steps:
the controller judges whether the pump-holding condition of the drilling pump occurs by executing the following computer program:
1) calculating the rising rate S1 of BP in real time according to the obtained mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump:
S1=BPt/BPt-1
in the formula: BPt represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the drill pump at a certain time t; BPt-1 represents the mud pressure at the outlet of the borehole pump at a time t-1 prior to time t; the unit of t is ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;
2) calculating the rising speed S2 of the LP in real time according to the obtained pressure LP in the riser:
S2=LPt/LPt-1
in the formula: LPt denotes the mud pressure in the riser at a certain time t; LPt-1 represents the mud pressure in the riser at a time t-1 prior to a time t; t is unit ms, and the value range t is less than or equal to 1000 ms;
3) calculating the difference value of S1-S2 in real time, and judging whether the pump is dead or not according to the difference value:
(1) if the pressure is not less than n from S1 to S2, the high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is judged to be in an open state, the pump cannot be blocked, and the drilling pump can be started;
(2) if S1-S2 is larger than n, the high-pressure valve and the low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are judged to be in a closed state, the pump possibly can be blocked, and the drilling pump cannot be started; and n is a set judgment value.
2. The method for predicting and judging prevention of pump failure in oil drilling engineering according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), if the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is not more than N, judging that a high-pressure valve of the drilling pump is in an open state, and starting the drilling pump; n is a set judgment value, and N < N.
3. The method for predicting and judging prevention of pump holding in a drilling well in the petroleum drilling engineering according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 3), if the real-time rising rate S1 of the mud pressure BP at the water outlet of the drilling pump is larger than N, judging that a high-pressure valve and a low-pressure valve of the drilling pump are both in a closed state, and the drilling pump cannot be started; n is a set judgment value, and N < N.
4. A pump pressure protection system for preventing a drilling pump from being operated by mistake in petroleum drilling engineering comprises a controller and an execution mechanism, wherein the input end of the controller is connected with output signals of a vertical pipe pressure sensor and a pump pressure detection sensor, the control output end of the controller is connected with the execution mechanism, when the drilling pump is started, the controller executes a computer program of the prediction judgment method for preventing the drilling pump from being held down according to signals of the vertical pipe pressure sensor and the pump pressure detection sensor, judges whether the drilling pump has the condition of being held down, and cuts off a control gas circuit or a circuit of the drilling pump to enable the drilling pump not to be started when the possible condition that the drilling pump is held down is judged to occur, so that the phenomenon that the drilling pump is held down due to misoperation is prevented.
5. The pump pressure protection system for preventing the misoperation of the drilling pump in the oil drilling project according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: when the condition that the high-pressure valve is in a closed state and the drilling pump is dead is detected, early warning is sent out in time; and under the conditions that the high-pressure valve is detected to be in a closed state and the high-pressure pipeline has no pressure, opening the closed high-pressure valve and then starting the drilling pump.
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| CN111520317B (en) | 2022-03-18 |
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