CN111519060B - Device and method for preparing carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
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- C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
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Abstract
The disclosure relates to the field of composite material preparation, mainly relates to a carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and particularly provides a device and a method for preparing the carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The device comprises a rotating speed control system, a stirring system and a lifting system which are sequentially connected, wherein the stirring system comprises a preparation chamber and a stirring rod, the stirring rod is sleeved with a detachable gland, the gland is provided with a baffle plate inserted into the solution of the preparation chamber, and the gland is tightly matched with the edge of the preparation chamber. The phenomenon of ingredient segregation caused by the existence of the stirring gravity center in the liquid stirring casting method is avoided, the uniform dispersion of carbon in the aluminum liquid is realized, and the combination between interfaces is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of composite material preparation, mainly relates to a carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and particularly provides a device and a method for preparing the carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Background
With the development of economy, there is an increasing demand for metal materials, among which aluminum is widely used due to its low price, and among which pure aluminum or aluminum alloys are most widely used. Although aluminum alloy has excellent mechanical properties and good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, with the complexity of application scenarios, the performance of materials is increasingly required, and a simple aluminum alloy material is difficult to meet the application requirements in many specific scenarios. In the prior art, graphene and other materials (such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphite particles and the like) with graphite structures are often used as reinforcing phases of pure aluminum and aluminum alloy to further improve the comprehensive performance of the pure aluminum or the aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum-carbon composite material can be applied to wider fields.
At present, the preparation of the aluminum-carbon composite material has some technical problems, firstly, graphene and other materials with graphite structures (such as carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, graphite particles and the like) are easy to agglomerate in an aluminum matrix: for example, graphene and carbon nanotubes are used as nano materials, and have poor self-dispersibility, and are very easy to cause agglomeration in an aluminum matrix. Second is the formation of the interfacial compound Al4C 3: the interface reaction of the aluminum-carbon composite material is difficult to control, Al4C3 brittle compounds are easily formed, and the mechanical properties and the like of the composite material are damaged. Thirdly, the carbon material has poor wettability with the aluminum matrix, and strong interface bonding is not easy to form.
The methods for producing aluminum-carbon composite materials are mainly classified into solid-state methods typified by powder metallurgy and liquid-state methods typified by stir casting. The solid-state method has the advantages that the carbon material can be better dispersed in an aluminum matrix through ball milling, the interface combination is good, the components are easy to regulate and control, and the accurate control of the content of the carbon material can be realized. The solid-state method has the disadvantages of complex process, high preparation cost, low preparation efficiency and large size limitation of the composite material, so that the industrial production is difficult at the current technical level.
For the liquid stirring casting method, the process flow is simple, the preparation cost is low, the production efficiency is high, the size of the material is not limited, and large parts can be prepared and industrial production can be realized. However, the inventor finds that the composition segregation phenomenon is easy to occur due to the shift of the gravity center of the liquid in the stirring process, and the performance of the composite material is greatly influenced. And because the density of the carbon material is less than that of the aluminum matrix and the nano carbon material is easy to agglomerate, the direct addition into the aluminum liquid and the uniform dispersion are very difficult to realize, and the problem of poor interface combination also exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for preparing a carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which avoid the phenomenon of component segregation caused by the existence of the stirring gravity center in a liquid stirring casting method, realize the uniform dispersion of carbon in aluminum liquid and improve the bonding between interfaces.
The invention provides a device for preparing a carbon reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises a rotating speed control system, a stirring system and a lifting system which are sequentially connected, wherein the stirring system comprises a preparation chamber and a stirring rod, a detachable gland is sleeved on the stirring rod, a baffle plate inserted into a solution in the preparation chamber is arranged on the gland, and the gland is tightly matched with the edge of the preparation chamber.
Preferably, the number of baffle plates is 2-6.
Preferably, the stirring system comprises a lifting platform, the lifting platform is located above the stirring rod, the tail end below the stirring rod comprises a detachable stirring head, and the lifting platform is controlled to lift by the lifting system.
Preferably, the lifting system comprises a lifting rod, a fixed pulley is mounted on the lifting rod, one end of the fixed pulley is connected with the lifting block, the other end of the fixed pulley is connected with the balancing weight, the lifting block is sleeved on the lifting rod, and the lifting block is connected with the lifting platform through a connecting rod.
Preferably, the device for preparing the carbon reinforced aluminum matrix composite further comprises an external handheld powder adding device.
Preferably, the preparation chamber is externally sleeved with a heating and heat-insulating device.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, comprising the steps of:
1) smelting pure aluminum or aluminum alloy in a medium-frequency induction furnace, and deslagging and degassing molten metal;
2) wrapping the material of the graphite structure to be added with an aluminum foil, or mixing the material of the graphite structure with aluminum powder or doping and briquetting the mixture in other forms to prepare an addition phase, and placing the addition phase at the tail end of a handheld powder adding device or on a screw conveyor;
3) transferring the molten metal smelted, subjected to slag removal and degassing in the step 1) into a preparation chamber of a device for preparing the carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, keeping the temperature for a period of time, lowering a stirring head to be close to the bottom of the molten metal, fixing a stirring rod after adjusting the height, and adjusting the rotating speed until a vortex appears in the center of the molten metal;
4) inserting the additive phase in the step 2) into the vortex, stirring the additive phase into the molten metal, placing the gland into a preparation device, enabling the gland to be tightly attached to the surface of the molten aluminum, adjusting the rotating speed, and stirring;
5) and after stirring, closing the stirring device, taking out the gland and lifting the stirring rod, slagging off the surface of the molten metal, taking out the preparation chamber, pouring the molten metal into a specific mold, and cooling to obtain the carbon reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Preferably, in the step 1), the smelting time is 5-30 min.
Preferably, in the step 3), the temperature is kept for 10-30 min, and the temperature is kept at 20-100 ℃ of the liquidus of the metal.
Preferably, in the step 4), the rotating speed is 1000 rpm/min-2800 rpm/min, and the stirring is carried out for 2-10 min.
Preferably, the lifting and fixing of the stirring head are controlled by the lifting platform.
Has the advantages that:
1) the gland part is provided with 2-6 baffles inserted into the aluminum liquid, and the existence of the baffles can prevent the aluminum liquid from integrally rotating after the aluminum liquid center forms a vortex in the stirring process, so that the existence of the baffles can greatly increase the shearing force between the stirring head and the aluminum liquid, and improve the shearing force between the aluminum liquid and materials with a graphite structure (such as graphene, carbon nano tubes, carbon fibers, graphite particles and the like), thereby opening the agglomerated reinforcement particles under the action of the shearing force and uniformly dispersing the agglomerated reinforcement particles into an aluminum matrix along with the flowing of the aluminum liquid, realizing the uniform distribution of carbon materials in the aluminum liquid, leading the interface of the reinforcement and the aluminum matrix to be better combined, and improving the performance of composite materials.
2) The gland is tightly matched with the edge of the preparation chamber and is attached to the surface of the aluminum liquid in the stirring process, so that the aluminum liquid is prevented from being violently turned upwards in the stirring process, the safety in the stirring process is improved, the contact between the aluminum liquid and air is reduced, and the oxidation of the aluminum liquid in the stirring process is reduced.
3) The stirring head is fixed in the end of puddler through the nut, can change the stirring head at any time, compares in the stirring head in the design of puddler integration, has reduced the cost behind the wearing and tearing of stirring head in the production process to can adjust stirring vane's piece number and change other types's stirring vane.
4) The equipment has simple structure, easy realization and low manufacturing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus for preparing a carbon-reinforced aluminum matrix composite as described in example 1.
Wherein: 1. a lifting block; 2. a balancing weight; 3. a fixed pulley; 4. a stirring rod; 5. a gland; 6. a preparation chamber; 7. a heating and heat-preserving device; 8. a stirring head; 9. a baffle plate; 10. a motor; 11. a rotational speed input module; 12. a lifting rod; 13. a lifting platform.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
"compositional segregation" as referred to in this disclosure refers to the formation of small regions (segregation zones) of solute atom enrichment in solid solution.
The "material having a graphite structure" described in the present disclosure refers to a material having a graphite ring structure, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and graphite particles.
The preparation chamber described in the present disclosure is a conventional vessel capable of stirring.
The rotating speed input module is a rotating speed controller capable of inputting rotating speed.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an apparatus for preparing a carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which includes a rotation speed control system, a stirring system and a lifting system connected in sequence.
The speed control system comprises a speed input module 11 and a motor 10 connected with the speed input module.
Stirring system is including preparing room 6, and 6 outside covers in preparation room have heating heat preservation device 7, and the stirring begins immediately after the heating of being convenient for is finished, keeps the temperature at the stirring in-process and prevents that the molten metal from cooling.
There is puddler 4 in the preparation room 6, and puddler 4 below end has detachable stirring head 8, stirring head 8 comprises 2 ~ 4 evenly distributed's blade, preferably 4, and blade length is 0.5 ~ 0.9, preferably 0.6 of preparation room 7 internal diameter. The included angle between the plane of the blade and the horizontal plane is 0-20 degrees, and the stirring head 8 can also be a stirring blade in other forms, such as a three-dimensional type. Stirring head 4 is because stirring the metal liquid, easily takes place to damage in actual production, sets up to dismantling stirring head convenient to detach, also is convenient for change according to the size of actual preparation room.
There is elevating platform 13 puddler top, and on elevating platform 13 was arranged in to motor 10, motor 10 can reciprocate along with elevating platform 13, the cover has detachable gland 5 on the puddler 4, there is baffle 9 of inserting to 6 solutions in the preparation room on the gland 5, baffle 9 is 2-6, and length and position are confirmed according to liquid volume size, and baffle 9 position can be in the stirring head outside, upside, downside, or with outside, upside and downside combination setting wantonly. For example, when the diameter of the stirring head is small and the edge of the stirring head is at a distance from the crucible wall of the preparation chamber, the pressing cover 5 can be tightly contacted with the edge of the preparation chamber 6 at the outer side or lower side by extending the baffle. The baffle 9 can prevent the molten metal from integrally rotating after the molten metal center forms a vortex in the stirring process, so that the existence of the baffle 9 can greatly increase the shearing force between the stirring head 8 and the molten metal, and improve the shearing force between the molten aluminum and the material with a graphite structure (such as carbon nano tubes, carbon fibers, graphite particles and the like), thereby opening the agglomerated reinforcement particles under the action of the shearing force and uniformly dispersing the agglomerated reinforcement particles into an aluminum matrix along with the flowing of the molten aluminum, and realizing the uniform distribution of the carbon material in the molten aluminum.
The lifting system comprises a lifting rod 12, a fixed pulley 3 is installed on the lifting rod 12, one end of the fixed pulley 3 is connected with a lifting block 1, the other end of the fixed pulley is connected with a balancing weight 2, the lifting block 1 is sleeved on the lifting rod 12, and the lifting block 12 is connected with a lifting platform 13 through a connecting rod. In the operation process, the balancing weight is pulled, the lifting block is controlled to move up and down through the fixed pulley, the lifting platform 13 is further controlled to move up and down, and the height of the stirring rod and the stirring head in the molten metal is controlled.
The device for preparing the carbon reinforced aluminum matrix composite further comprises a powder adding device (not shown in the figure), wherein the powder adding device is an external handheld device.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for preparing a carbon-reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following implementation steps:
1) smelting pure aluminum or aluminum alloy (including forged aluminum alloy, cast aluminum alloy and the like) in a medium-frequency induction furnace, and deslagging and degassing molten metal for 5-30 min.
2) Wrapping the material (such as graphene, carbon nano tube, carbon fiber, graphite particles and the like) with a graphite structure to be added with aluminum foil, or directly adding a mixed briquette of a graphite material and aluminum powder or a block formed by mixing other forms of graphite materials and aluminum as an addition phase, and placing the addition phase at the tail end of a handheld powder adding device or conveying the addition phase by using a screw conveyor.
Because the graphene is nano-particles and the density is less than that of the aluminum liquid, if the powder is directly added, the graphene always floats on the surface of the aluminum liquid and generates burning loss, and the aluminum foil or the pressing block can be added into the aluminum liquid for melting, so that the aluminum foil is better than the pressing block.
3) Transferring the molten metal smelted in the step 1) into a preparation chamber 6 in the device, preserving heat for 10-30 min, wherein the temperature of the preserved heat is 20-100 ℃ of a metal liquidus, adjusting a lifting platform 13 after the preservation of the heat, lowering a stirring head 4 to be close to the bottom of the molten aluminum, fixing the lifting platform 13 after the height is adjusted, and adjusting the rotating speed until the center of the molten aluminum generates vortex.
4) Inserting the powder adding device filled with the additive phase in the step 2) into the vortex, and stirring the additive phase into the aluminum liquid. And (3) placing the gland into the preparation device, enabling the gland to be tightly attached to the surface of the aluminum liquid, adjusting the rotating speed to be 1000-2800 rpm/min, and stirring for 2-10 min.
5) And after stirring is finished, closing the stirring device, taking out the gland and lifting the lifting platform 13, skimming the surface of the molten metal, lifting out the preparation device, pouring the molten metal into a specific mold, cooling and solidifying, and taking out the molten metal from the mold to obtain the carbon reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
Experimental example 1
This example was the same as comparative example 1 except that the apparatus used did not include baffle 9.
The performance test of the products obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1 shows that the tensile strength of example 1 is improved by 27 percent, the hardness is improved by 25 percent, and the elongation and the conductivity of the material are not obviously reduced compared with those of experimental example 1. Through comparing the control group, the design of the baffle breaks through the center of gravity of the stirring, and the ingredient segregation is avoided. After analysis, the graphene is used as a novel two-dimensional carbon material with excellent mechanical properties and physical properties, so that the graphene is added into an aluminum matrix as a reinforcing phase, and when the graphene is uniformly dispersed in the aluminum matrix, the comprehensive properties of the material are improved, thereby proving that the graphene can be successfully added into the aluminum matrix in a liquid stirring casting manner and uniformly dispersed.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing a carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) smelting pure aluminum or aluminum alloy in a medium-frequency induction furnace, and deslagging and degassing molten metal;
2) wrapping a graphite structure material to be added with an aluminum foil, or mixing the graphite structure material with aluminum powder, doping and briquetting to prepare an addition phase, and placing the addition phase at the tail end of a handheld powder adding device or on a screw conveyor;
3) transferring the molten metal smelted, subjected to slag removal and degassing in the step 1) into a preparation chamber of a device for preparing the carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, keeping the temperature for a period of time, lowering a stirring head to be close to the bottom of the molten metal, fixing a stirring rod after adjusting the height, and adjusting the rotating speed until a vortex appears in the center of the molten metal;
4) inserting the additive phase in the step 2) into the vortex, stirring the additive phase into the molten metal, placing the gland into a preparation device, enabling the gland to be tightly attached to the surface of the molten aluminum, adjusting the rotating speed, and stirring;
5) after stirring, closing the stirring device, taking out the gland and lifting the stirring rod, slagging off the surface of the molten metal, taking out the preparation chamber, pouring the molten metal into a specific mold, and cooling to obtain the carbon reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
the device comprises a rotating speed control system, a stirring system and a lifting system which are sequentially connected, wherein the stirring system comprises a preparation chamber and a stirring rod, the stirring rod is sleeved with a detachable gland, the gland is provided with a baffle plate inserted into the solution of the preparation chamber, and the gland is in close contact with the edge of the preparation chamber.
2. The method for preparing the carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the stirring system comprises an elevating platform, the elevating platform is positioned above the stirring rod, the lower end of the stirring rod comprises a detachable stirring head, and the elevating platform is controlled by the elevating system to ascend and descend.
3. The method for preparing the carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lifting system comprises a lifting rod, a fixed pulley is mounted on the lifting rod, one end of the fixed pulley is connected with a lifting block, the other end of the fixed pulley is connected with a balancing weight, the lifting block is sleeved on the lifting rod, and the lifting block is connected with the lifting platform through a connecting rod.
4. The method of making a carbon-reinforced aluminum matrix composite as in claim 1 wherein the means for making a carbon-reinforced aluminum matrix composite further comprises an external handheld powdering device.
5. The method for preparing a carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the preparation chamber is externally sleeved with a heating and heat-insulating device.
6. The method for preparing a carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the melting time is 5 to 30 min.
7. The method for preparing the carbon-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the temperature is kept for 10-30 min, and the temperature is kept at 20-100 ℃ of the liquidus of the metal.
8. The method for preparing the carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the rotation speed is 1000rpm/min to 2800rpm/min, and the stirring is carried out for 2 to 10 min.
9. The method for producing a carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elevation and fixation of the stirring head are controlled by an elevating table.
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