CN102680326B - Device and method for testing hot crack of aluminum alloy under condition of active applied load - Google Patents
Device and method for testing hot crack of aluminum alloy under condition of active applied load Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for testing hot crack of an aluminum alloy under the condition of an active applied load. The device mainly comprises a test sample mold unit, a connecting screw, a data testing unit, a frame-type connecting mechanism and a load application unit which are sequentially connected and positioned on the upper part of an equipment pedestal; and a data acquisition unitis connected with the data testing unit. Through the device for testing the hot crack of the aluminum alloy, information such as critical load and temperature change when a test sample is cracked canbe acquired, and data information is provided for constructing a relation between the solid phase rate of the aluminum alloy and the applied load; and test samples with different dendritic crystal growth directions can be acquired by constructing different cooling velocities of the aluminum alloy through different heat preservation materials, and a relation between the growth direction of dendritic crystal and the hot crack is sought. The testing device is simple in structure, reasonable in design and easy and convenient to operate, is applied to easy-cracking alloy and non-cracking alloy, further enriches the category of testing equipment used in the hot crack research process, and promotes research and development of the hot crack.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing and method under a kind of active imposed load condition, the parameters such as the critical load when this device can be measured the aluminium alloy hot tearing, temperature belong to metal material experimental study and casting field.
Background technology
In Foundry Production, hot tearing is especially ubiquitous casting flaw in the heavy castings of foundry goods, brought massive losses to commercial production, the generation of this casting flaw mainly with liquid alloy in the generation of the caused stress of Solid State Contraction that solidifies the later stage with develop relevant.The hot tearing of foundry goods is the crackle that foundry goods at high temperature forms, and usually appearing at liquid alloy, to solidify latter stage be the above freezing range of alloy solidus.The generation of casting thermal fragmentation line mainly is because the foundry goods differential contraction stress has surpassed the adhesion between metal grain, and it is often oxidized mostly to observe the visible crack metal along the crystal boundary generation from crack fracture, loses metallic luster.Crackle extends along crystal boundary, the shape indention, and the surface is wider, and inside is narrower, the end face that then penetrates whole foundry goods that has.
A large amount of studies show that, the formation of hot tearing is the physical and chemical process of a complexity, it comprises hot conduction, fluid and causes other factors that crackle produces that these factors comprise solidifying and the technological parameter of thermodynamic behaviour, foundry goods and casting mold, the material of casting mold and parameter of some process control etc. of alloying component, alloy.20 beginnings of the century, just the begin one's study formation mechanism of fire check of founder author has proposed the formation that several different theories such as strength theory, liquid film theory, comprehensive theory, intercrystalline bridge theory are set forth fire check; Along with the development of computer technology at casting field, the technology such as numerical simulation in casting process temperature field, flow field have obtained abundant development, the numerical simulation study of casting process stress field is thereupon development also, this has also indirectly promoted the numerical simulation work of fire check in the casting process and has obtained certain achievement in research, propose some theoretical models and the criterion (such as the RDG criterion of Rappaz) of fire check prediction, but still do not formed a kind of general theoretical model or criterion can be predicted fire check comparatively accurately.Therefore, making up the hot cracking prediction model that is fit under the physical condition also is present research emphasis.
In recent years, along with deepening continuously to hot tearing research, the scientific worker has designed and developed some testing apparatuss qualitative or the quantitatively characterizing hot tearing, and domestic contrast is representational to be the casting alloy linear shrinkage-stress-multi-functional analyzer of hot cracking characteristics of the two coupon alloy hot tearings that are used for sand mold designed and developed of Dalian University of Technology-linear shrinkage instrument, Harbin University of Science and Technology's exploitation and the ZSR Hot-Crack Tendency of Alloy analyzer of the metal mold that Shenyang University of Technology researchs and develops; External representational is the N-Tec hot tearing testing mould of Canadian N-Tec Ltd. and the Instrumented Constrained Rod Mold that the special Institute of Technology of U.S.'s Butterworth is used for aluminium alloy hot tearing test.The ultimate principle of these equipment is that the two ends of coupon or sample are limited fixing, solidification shrinkage can occur in coupon or sample in the liquid alloy process of setting, especially the difference owing to setting rate has produced thermal stress in coupon thickness junction, just has the generation of crackle when thermal stress surpasses the strength degree that adds up to.Utilize these equipment can obtain some information and data in the liquid alloy fire check forming process, but the hot tearing testing apparatus of using in the present stage experimentation is to utilize the solidification shrinkage principle of liquid alloy self to design basically, these equipment help easily to split the hot tearing research of alloy, but study the decrepitation of the little alloy of hot cracking tendency, these equipment just can not meet the demands.
Summary of the invention
For prior art and the existing deficiency of experimental provision, the present invention abandons the thinking of utilizing the liquid alloy free shrink, from initiatively sample being carried out the thinking of load applying, designed a kind of relevant hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing of aluminium alloy that carries out under active imposed load condition, this experimental provision is simple in structure, reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition mainly comprises the sample mould unit, connecting screw rod, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism, the load applying unit that connect successively; Described sample mould unit, connecting screw rod, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism, load applying unit are positioned at equipment base top; Described data acquisition unit also is connected with the data test unit.
Described sample mould unit comprises metal die; Described metal die comprises two metal half modules; Described metal die inside is provided with die cavity; Described metal die top is provided with temperature and surveys mouth.
In the described die cavity insulation material is installed; Described insulation material is riser head heat-preserving material product or graphite material.
Described data test unit comprises load test mechanism and temperature test mechanism; Described load test mechanism is " S " type sensor, and " S " type sensor links to each other with the sample mould unit by connecting screw rod; Described temperature test mechanism is " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple, and the temperature that " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple directly inserts metal die top is surveyed mouthful.
Described data acquisition unit adopts recording instrument without paper; The described recording instrument without paper data sampling cycle is 0.1S.
Described load applying unit comprises trapezoidal screw, bearing seat, shaft coupling and the buncher that connects successively; Described trapezoidal screw links to each other with " S " type sensor by frame type bindiny mechanism.Described connecting screw rod end is equipped with full silk screw rod; Described connecting screw rod and junction, sample mould unit are provided with the graphite plug.
The center line of the output shaft of described buncher, frame type bindiny mechanism, " S " type sensor, connecting screw rod, metal die all is positioned at the same level line, the right alignment≤0.15mm during assembling.
The method of aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing test aluminium alloy hot tearing under a kind of active imposed load condition may further comprise the steps:
(1) checks before the experiment whether recording instrument without paper, buncher, " S " type sensor, " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple and shaft coupling work;
(2) preheating metal die makes the temperature of metal die remain on 200 ~ 250 ℃;
(3) connecting screw rod is adjusted to initial position, and the full silk screw rod of connecting screw rod end is tightened;
(4) install; Then the signal input data line of insulation material, graphite plug and recording instrument without paper prepares to carry out the alloy cast;
(5) behind the alloy casting complete, according to alloy species, Hot-Crack Tendency of Alloy size, select suitable alloy graining time and motor speed, carrying out load loads, until the complete drawing crack of sample or sample stop the work of buncher and recording instrument without paper after solidifying fully, data behind the recording instrument without paper record change PC over to and process, and last opening metal mould takes out sample.
The effect of described graphite plug is: the one, and the liquid metal of shutoff melting, the 2nd, reduce the friction force between screw rod and the mould.
Described connecting screw rod end is equipped with full silk screw rod, and metal die and connecting screw rod are combined closely, and avoids producing and slides, and affects the measurement of load.
Described insulation material can be selected and different can solidify the material that plays insulation effect by alloy, and its Main Function is to make up the different cooling velocity of liquid alloy, and alloy reaches different dendritic growth directions because of the difference of setting rate.
Described load loads, and usually begins imposed load when the liquid-solid coexistence of alloy.
The data of described recording instrument without paper collection can dump to by memory devices such as USB flash disks carries out corresponding data processing on the PC; The recording instrument without paper data sampling cycle is 0.1S, stops data acquisition when temperature value drops to 300 ℃.
Technical scheme outstanding feature of the present invention is as follows:
1. adopt buncher to carry out the initiatively mode of imposed load, the intensity of load applying and speed realize by the rotating speed of adjusting motor.
2. adopt the setting rate of insulation material Control Assay, realize setting rate or the cooling velocity that sample is different by selecting the different size size with different types of insulation material, and then reach the purpose of the different dendritic growth directions of control liquid alloy.
3. full silk screw rod is housed on the described connecting screw rod, can easily screw rod be taken off from connecting screw rod after experiment is finished, for convenience detach.
4. data acquisition adopts recording instrument without paper to gather, and makes things convenient for the processing of follow-up data.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: from initiatively sample being carried out the thinking of imposed load, designed a kind of a whole set of experimental provision for aluminium alloy hot tearing test, the information such as the critical load size in the time of can obtaining sample by drawing crack, temperature variation are for the relation that makes up between aluminium alloy solid rate and the imposed load provides data message; Also can be by selecting different insulation material to make up the different cooling velocity of aluminium alloy and then obtain the sample of different dendritic growth directions, seek relation between dendritic growth direction and the hot tearing with this.This experimental provision is simple in structure, reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle, both has been applicable to easily split alloy, also is applicable to be difficult for occuring the alloy of hot tearing, further enriches employed testing apparatus kind in the hot tearing research process, promotes the research and development of hot tearing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is vertical view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the present invention tests temperature, imposed load and the time of A356 alloy gained under different condition graphs of a relation.
Among the figure: the 1-insulation material; The 2-metal die; The full silk of 3-screw rod; 4-graphite plug; The 5-connecting screw rod; The 6-sensor; 7-frame type bindiny mechanism; The 8-trapezoidal screw; The 9-shaft coupling; The 10-varying-speed motor; The 11-equipment base; The 12-bearing seat; The 13-temperature is surveyed mouth.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition mainly comprises the sample mould unit, connecting screw rod 5, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism 7, the load applying unit that connect successively; Sample mould unit, connecting screw rod 5, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism 7, load applying unit are positioned at equipment base 11 upper data collecting units and also are connected with the data test unit.
The sample mould unit comprises metal die 2; Described metal die comprises two metal half modules; Metal die 2 inside are provided with die cavity; Metal die 2 tops are provided with temperature and survey mouth 13; Insulation material 1 is installed in the die cavity of metal die, and insulation material 1 is riser head heat-preserving material product or graphite material.
The data test unit comprises load test mechanism and temperature test mechanism; Load test mechanism is " S " type sensor 6, and " S " type sensor 6 links to each other with the sample mould unit by connecting screw rod 5; Temperature test mechanism is " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple, and " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple directly inserts the temperature on metal die 2 tops and surveys mouth 13.
Data acquisition unit adopts recording instrument without paper; The recording instrument without paper data sampling cycle is 0.1S, stops data acquisition when temperature value drops to 300 ℃.
The load applying unit comprises trapezoidal screw 8, bearing seat 12, shaft coupling 9 and the buncher 10 that connects successively; Trapezoidal screw 8 links to each other with " S " type sensor 6 by frame type bindiny mechanism 7.
Connecting screw rod 5 ends are equipped with full silk screw rod 3; Connecting screw rod 5 is provided with graphite plug 4 with junction, sample mould unit.
Embodiment 1
(1) the used material of experiment: A356 alloy (alloying component is as shown in table 1), graphite insulation material, Al-10%Sr
Alterant, Al-5%Ti-1%B fining agent, DSG aluminium alloy slagging-off degasifier, coating.
The chemical composition (wt%) of table 1A356 alloy
(2) the used instrument and equipment of experiment: intermediate frequency furnace, the 12KW resistance furnace, active imposed load hot tearing proving installation, the TP1000 recording instrument without paper, " K " the type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple.
(3) preliminary work before the experiment:
1. check before the experiment whether recording instrument without paper, buncher, tension-compression sensor, " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple and other elements work.
2. connecting screw rod is adjusted to initial position, and the full silk screw rod of connecting screw rod end is tightened.
3. mixed making tested used coating, and this coating composition is zinc paste, water glass and water.
4. the signal output part of " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple and " S " type sensor and the signal input part of recording instrument without paper are connected.
(4) experimental implementation step:
The first step: with the metal die paint coating, and install needed graphite insulation material and graphite plug at metal die, then metal die is carried out preheating, preheat temperature is about 230 ℃.
Second step: melting.Detailed process is:
1. load weighted A356 alloy is put into crucible, and crucible is placed in the intermediate frequency furnace melts;
2. the A356 alloy after will melting (aluminium liquid) is transferred in the resistance furnace and is incubated, and the holding temperature of resistance furnace is set as 730 ℃;
When 3. temperature of aluminum liquid is 700 ℃～720 ℃, the DSG aluminium alloy slagging-off degasifier of A356 alloy gross weight 0.5% evenly is sprinkling upon aluminium liquid surface, with pressing the spoon back of the body repeatedly to be pressed in the aluminium liquid 3～5 times, left standstill 10 minutes, scoop out a small amount of aluminium liquid and be put into and observe degassing effect on the refractory brick;
4. the Al-5%Ti-1%B fining agent that adds A356 alloy gross weight 0.5% stirred about 3 minutes, left standstill 10 minutes;
5. the Al-10%Sr alterant that adds A356 alloy gross weight 0.2% stirred 3 minutes, left standstill 10 minutes.
The 3rd step: under 730 ℃, pour into a mould.
The 4th step: behind the alloy casting complete, recording instrument without paper begins the collecting temperature data, when temperature is down to 610 ℃, open the power supply of buncher, the adjustment of rotational speed of buncher be 20r/min(under this rotating speed, the loading velocity of level is 0.7mm/s), until the complete drawing crack of sample or sample stop machine operation after solidifying fully, stop the collection of temperature when temperature is down to 300 ℃, last opening metal mould takes out sample.In this experiment, tensile phenomenon has appearred in bar-shaped sample, by observe the surface topography of fracture under scanning electron microscope, can prove that this fracture is fire check.
The 5th step: data are processed.In experimentation, measured temperature and the curve of imposed load are as shown in Figure 3.By the given curve map of Fig. 3 as can be known, the primary phase temperature of the alloy that experiment records is 609.8 ℃, eutectic temperature is 564.8 ℃, slightly be lower than theoretical eutectic temperature, this mainly be because this experiment employing be that metal die is poured into a mould, the cooling velocity of foundry goods integral body is very fast, and it is normal phenomenon that the eutectic temperature of this alloy that experiment records is lower than theoretical eutectic temperature, and this phenomenon is to some extent checking in other documents.By 3 unique points that the curve of load can relatively be given prominence to, namely crack stage (such as C point among Fig. 3) and sample final fracture stage (such as E point among Fig. 3) appear in the stage of sample imposed load (such as B point among Fig. 3), sample.Among the figure shown in the regional A is that the liquid metal of melting is to the pressure of tension-compression sensor, the zone shown in the D is the decline of an intensity level occurring of the existence owing to intercrystalline bridge between the crackle of sample, and shown in the regional F is friction force between post-rift sample and the metal die.
Concrete experimental procedure sees embodiment 1 for details, difference: the insulation material of used metal die die cavity inside changes the riser head heat-preserving material into by the graphite insulation material; In order to reduce the cooling velocity of metal die integral body, around preheated metal die, be incubated with insulating brick; The loading velocity of level is controlled at 0.15mm/s.
Measured temperature and the curve of imposed load are as shown in Figure 4.In the present embodiment, owing to reduced the cooling velocity of metal die integral body, so that the primary phase temperature (615.5 ℃) that experiment records and eutectic temperature (576 ℃) are more near the theoretical temperatures of this alloy.By the curve of imposed load as can be known, similar to example 1 have 3 unique points and 3 characteristic areas too.Two embodiment at high temperature critical load numerical value of drawing crack sample are different, this mainly is the cooling velocity that has reduced metal die integral body in example 2, in the process of carrying out the active imposed load, it is that interdendritic intensity is set up fully just by drawing crack that sample does not solidify fully, that is to say sample solid rate less than below 0.9 by drawing crack.
Although above-mentionedly by reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but be not limiting the scope of the invention; described those skilled in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. an aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under the imposed load condition initiatively is characterized in that, mainly comprises the sample mould unit, connecting screw rod, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism, the load applying unit that connect successively; Described sample mould unit, connecting screw rod, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism, load applying unit are positioned at equipment base top; Data acquisition unit also is connected with the data test unit, and described sample mould unit comprises metal die; Described metal die comprises two metal half modules; Described metal die inside is provided with die cavity; Described metal die top is provided with temperature and surveys mouth.
2. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described die cavity insulation material is installed; Described insulation material is riser head heat-preserving material product or graphite material.
3. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 2 is characterized in that described data test unit comprises load test mechanism and temperature test mechanism; Described load test mechanism is " S " type sensor, and " S " type sensor links to each other with the sample mould unit by connecting screw rod; Described temperature test mechanism is " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple, and the temperature that " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple directly inserts metal die top is surveyed mouthful.
4. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described data acquisition unit adopts recording instrument without paper; The described recording instrument without paper data sampling cycle is 0.1S.
5. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described load applying unit comprises trapezoidal screw, bearing seat, shaft coupling and the buncher that connects successively; Described trapezoidal screw links to each other with " S " type sensor by frame type bindiny mechanism.
6. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described connecting screw rod end is equipped with full silk screw rod; Described connecting screw rod and junction, sample mould unit are provided with the graphite plug.
7. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the center line of the output shaft of buncher, frame type bindiny mechanism, " S " type sensor, connecting screw rod, metal die all is positioned at the same level line, the right alignment≤0.15mm during assembling.
8. the method for aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing test aluminium alloy hot tearing under a kind of active imposed load condition as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) checks before the experiment whether recording instrument without paper, buncher, " S " type sensor, " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple and shaft coupling work;
(2) preheating metal die makes the temperature of metal die remain on 200～250 ℃;
(3) connecting screw rod is adjusted to initial position, and the full silk screw rod of connecting screw rod end is tightened;
(4) install; Then the signal input data line of insulation material, graphite plug and recording instrument without paper prepares to carry out the alloy cast;
(5) behind the alloy casting complete, according to alloy species, Hot-Crack Tendency of Alloy size, select suitable alloy graining time and motor speed, carrying out load loads, until the complete drawing crack of sample or sample stop the work of buncher and recording instrument without paper after solidifying fully, data behind the recording instrument without paper record change PC over to and process, and last opening metal mould takes out sample.
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| CN105806876B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2018-05-01 | 沈阳工业大学 | The experimental provision of beta alloy hot cracking tendency |
| CN108931421B (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-03-06 | 上海大学 | Hot crack testing arrangement of normal position heating |
| CN112505286B (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2023-08-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Detection device and method for zinc-induced liquid metal crack formation condition |
| CN110576164B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-10-08 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Device for measuring solidification shrinkage and thermal cracks of continuous casting billet |
| CN110749616B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-03-08 | 沈阳工业大学 | Bottom pouring type experimental device and method for testing hot cracking tendency of alloy |
| CN111006931A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-14 | 北京科技大学 | Device for predicting hot cracking sensitivity of aluminum alloy welding |
| CN111519060B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-11-16 | 山东大学 | Device and method for preparing carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
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| CN201084009Y (en) * | 2007-04-06 | 2008-07-09 | 华东理工大学 | Creep deformation measuring and data multi- point automatic collection and automatic temperature control system |
| CN101576459B (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2011-01-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Welding hot crack tendency testing device for aluminum alloy material |
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| CN202583014U (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-12-05 | 山东大学 | Device for testing aluminum alloy hot cracking on condition of applying load actively |
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