CN102680326A - Device and method for testing hot crack of aluminum alloy under condition of active applied load - Google Patents
Device and method for testing hot crack of aluminum alloy under condition of active applied load Download PDFInfo
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- CN102680326A CN102680326A CN2012101411670A CN201210141167A CN102680326A CN 102680326 A CN102680326 A CN 102680326A CN 2012101411670 A CN2012101411670 A CN 2012101411670A CN 201210141167 A CN201210141167 A CN 201210141167A CN 102680326 A CN102680326 A CN 102680326A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for testing hot crack of an aluminum alloy under the condition of an active applied load. The device mainly comprises a test sample mold unit, a connecting screw, a data testing unit, a frame-type connecting mechanism and a load application unit which are sequentially connected and positioned on the upper part of an equipment pedestal; and a data acquisition unit is connected with the data testing unit. Through the device for testing the hot crack of the aluminum alloy, information such as critical load and temperature change when a test sample is cracked can be acquired, and data information is provided for constructing a relation between the solid phase rate of the aluminum alloy and the applied load; and test samples with different dendritic crystal growth directions can be acquired by constructing different cooling velocities of the aluminum alloy through different heat preservation materials, and a relation between the growth direction of dendritic crystal and the hot crack is sought. The testing device is simple in structure, reasonable in design and easy and convenient to operate, is applied to easy-cracking alloy and non-cracking alloy, further enriches the category of testing equipment used in the hot crack research process, and promotes research and development of the hot crack.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing and method under a kind of active imposed load condition, parameters such as the critical load when this device can be measured the aluminium alloy hot tearing, temperature belong to metal material experimental study and casting field.
Background technology
In Foundry Production; Hot tearing is an especially ubiquitous casting flaw in the heavy castings of foundry goods; Brought massive losses to commercial production, the generation of this casting flaw mainly with liquid alloy in the generation of the caused stress of Solid State Contraction that solidifies the later stage with develop relevant.The hot tearing of foundry goods is the crackle that foundry goods at high temperature forms, and usually appearing at liquid alloy, to solidify latter stage be the above freezing range of alloy solidus.The generation of casting thermal fragmentation line mainly is because the foundry goods differential contraction stress has surpassed the adhesion between metal grain, and it is often oxidized to observe the visible crack metal along the crystal boundary generation from crack fracture mostly, loses metallic luster.Crackle extends along crystal boundary, the shape indention, and surperficial broad, inside is narrower, the end face that then penetrates whole foundry goods that has.
A large amount of researchs show; The formation of hot tearing is a complex physicochemical process; It comprises heat conduction, fluid and causes other factors that crackle produces that these factors comprise solidifying and the technological parameter of thermodynamic behaviour, foundry goods and casting mold, the material of casting mold and parameter of some process control or the like of alloying component, alloy.20 beginnings of the century, just the begin one's study formation mechanism of fire check of founder author has proposed several kinds of formation that different theories is set forth fire check such as strength theory, liquid film theory, comprehensive theory, intercrystalline bridge theory; Along with computer technology is in the continuous development of casting field; Technology such as casting process temperature field, Numerical Simulation of Flow Field have obtained abundant development; The research of casting process Numerical simulation of stress field is development thereupon also; This has also promoted the numerical simulation work of fire check in the casting process indirectly and has obtained certain achievement in research; Propose some theoretical models and the criterion (like the RDG criterion of Rappaz) of fire check prediction, but still do not formed a kind of general theoretical model or criterion can be predicted fire check comparatively accurately.Therefore, making up the hot cracking prediction model that is fit under the physical condition also is present research emphasis.
In recent years; Along with deepening continuously to hot tearing research; The scientific worker has designed and developed some testing apparatuss qualitative or the quantitatively characterizing hot tearing, domestic more representational be the ZSR alloy hot cracking tendency analyzer of metal mold of the multi-functional analyzer of casting alloy linear shrinkage-stress-hot cracking characteristics and Shenyang University of Technology's research and development of the two coupon alloy hot tearings-linear shrinkage appearance that is used for sand mold designed and developed of Dalian University of Technology, Harbin University of Science and Technology's exploitation; External representational is the N-Tec hot tearing testing mould of Canadian N-Tec Ltd. and the Instrumented Constrained Rod Mold that the special Institute of Technology of U.S.'s Butterworth is used for aluminium alloy hot tearing test.The ultimate principle of these equipment is that the two ends of coupon or sample are limited fixing; Solidification shrinkage can take place in coupon or sample in the liquid alloy process of setting; Especially the difference owing to setting rate has produced thermal stress in coupon thickness junction, when thermal stress surpasses the strength degree that adds up to, just has the generation of crackle.Utilize these equipment can obtain some information and data in the liquid alloy fire check forming process; But the hot tearing testing apparatus of using in the present stage experimentation is to utilize the solidification shrinkage principle of liquid alloy self to design basically; These equipment help to be prone to split the hot tearing research of alloy; But study the decrepitation of the little alloy of hot cracking tendency, these equipment just can not meet the demands.
Summary of the invention
To prior art and the existing deficiency of experimental provision; The present invention abandons the thinking of utilizing the liquid alloy free shrink; From initiatively sample being carried out the thinking that load applies; Designed a kind of relevant hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing of aluminium alloy that under active imposed load condition, carries out, this experimental provision is simple in structure, reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
Aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition mainly comprises the sample mould unit, connecting screw rod, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism, the load applying unit that connect successively; Said sample mould unit, connecting screw rod, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism, load applying unit are positioned at equipment base top; Said data acquisition unit also is connected with the data test unit.
Said sample mould unit comprises metal die; Said metal die comprises two metal half modules; Said metal die set inside has die cavity; Said metal die top is provided with temperature and surveys mouth.
In the said die cavity insulation material is installed; Said insulation material is riser head heat-preserving material product or graphite material.
Said data test unit comprises load test mechanism and temperature test mechanism; Said load test mechanism is " S " type sensor, and " S " type sensor links to each other with the sample mould unit through connecting screw rod; Said temperature test mechanism is " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple, and the temperature that " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple directly inserts metal die top is surveyed mouthful.
Said data acquisition unit adopts recording instrument without paper; The said recording instrument without paper data sampling cycle is 0.1S.
Said load applying unit comprises trapezoidal screw, bearing seat, shaft coupling and the buncher that connects successively; Said trapezoidal screw links to each other with " S " type sensor through frame type bindiny mechanism.Said connecting screw rod end is equipped with full silk screw rod; Said connecting screw rod and junction, sample mould unit are provided with the graphite plug.
The center line of the output shaft of said buncher, frame type bindiny mechanism, " S " type sensor, connecting screw rod, metal die all is positioned at same horizontal line, the right alignment≤0.15mm during assembling.
The method of aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing test aluminium alloy hot tearing under a kind of active imposed load condition may further comprise the steps:
(1) inspection recording instrument without paper, buncher, " S " type sensor, " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple and shaft coupling operate as normal whether before the experiment;
(2) preheating metal die makes the temperature of metal die remain on 200 ~ 250 ℃;
(3) connecting screw rod is adjusted to initial position, and the full silk screw rod of connecting screw rod end is tightened;
(4) install; The signal input data line of insulation material, graphite plug and recording instrument without paper prepares to carry out the alloy cast then;
(5) behind the alloy casting complete; According to alloy species, alloy hot cracking tendency size; Select suitable alloy graining time and motor speed, carry out load and load, after the complete drawing crack of sample or sample solidify fully, stop the work of buncher and recording instrument without paper; Data behind the recording instrument without paper record change PC over to and handle, and last opening metal mould takes out sample.
The effect of said graphite plug is: the one, and the liquid metal of shutoff fusion, the 2nd, reduce the friction force between screw rod and the mould.
Described connecting screw rod end is equipped with full silk screw rod, and metal die and connecting screw rod are combined closely, and avoids producing and slides, and influences the measurement of load.
Said insulation material can be selected the different materials that can play insulation effect to alloy graining for use, and it mainly acts on is to make up the different cooling velocity of liquid alloy, and alloy reaches different dendritic growth directions because of the difference of setting rate.
Said load loads, and when the liquid-solid coexistence of alloy, begins imposed load usually.
The data of said recording instrument without paper collection can dump to through memory devices such as USB flash disks carries out corresponding data processing on the PC; The recording instrument without paper data sampling cycle is 0.1S, when temperature value drops to 300 ℃, stops data acquisition.
Technical scheme outstanding feature of the present invention is following:
1. adopt buncher to carry out the initiatively mode of imposed load, intensity that load applies and speed realize through the adjustment rotating speed of motor.
2. adopt the setting rate of insulation material control sample, realize setting rate or the cooling velocity that sample is different through selecting the different size size for use with different types of insulation material, and then reach the purpose of the different dendritic growth directions of control liquid alloy.
3. full silk screw rod is housed on the described connecting screw rod, and experiment can be taken off screw rod after accomplishing easily from connecting screw rod, for convenience detach.
4. the collection of data adopts recording instrument without paper to gather, and makes things convenient for the processing of follow-up data.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: from initiatively sample being carried out the thinking of imposed load; Designed a kind of a whole set of experimental provision that is used for aluminium alloy hot tearing test; Information such as the critical load size in the time of can obtaining sample by drawing crack, temperature variation are for the relation that makes up between aluminium alloy solid rate and the imposed load provides data message; Also can seek the relation between dendritic growth direction and the hot tearing with this through selecting for use different insulation material to make up the different cooling velocity of aluminium alloy and then obtaining the sample of different dendritic growth directions.This experimental provision is simple in structure, reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle, both has been applicable to be prone to split alloy, also is applicable to the alloy that is difficult for taking place hot tearing, further enriches employed testing apparatus kind in the hot tearing research process, promotes the research and development of hot tearing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a vertical view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the present invention tests A356 alloy gained under different condition temperature, imposed load and time relation figure.
Among the figure: the 1-insulation material; The 2-metal die; The full silk of 3-screw rod; 4-graphite plug; The 5-connecting screw rod; The 6-sensor; 7-frame type bindiny mechanism; The 8-trapezoidal screw; The 9-shaft coupling; The 10-varying-speed motor; The 11-equipment base; The 12-bearing seat; The 13-temperature is surveyed mouth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition mainly comprises the sample mould unit, connecting screw rod 5, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism 7, the load applying unit that connect successively; Sample mould unit, connecting screw rod 5, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism 7, load applying unit are positioned at equipment base 11 upper data collecting units and also are connected with the data test unit.
The sample mould unit comprises metal die 2; Said metal die comprises two metal half modules; Metal die 2 set inside have die cavity; Metal die 2 tops are provided with temperature and survey mouth 13; Insulation material 1 is installed in the die cavity of metal die, and insulation material 1 is riser head heat-preserving material product or graphite material.
The data test unit comprises load test mechanism and temperature test mechanism; Load test mechanism is " S " type sensor 6, and " S " type sensor 6 links to each other with the sample mould unit through connecting screw rod 5; Temperature test mechanism is " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple, and " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple directly inserts the temperature on metal die 2 tops and surveys mouth 13.
Data acquisition unit adopts recording instrument without paper; The recording instrument without paper data sampling cycle is 0.1S, when temperature value drops to 300 ℃, stops data acquisition.
The load applying unit comprises trapezoidal screw 8, bearing seat 12, shaft coupling 9 and the buncher 10 that connects successively; Trapezoidal screw 8 links to each other with " S " type sensor 6 through frame type bindiny mechanism 7.
Connecting screw rod 5 ends are equipped with full silk screw rod 3; Connecting screw rod 5 is provided with graphite plug 4 with junction, sample mould unit.
(1) the used material of experiment: A356 alloy (alloying component is as shown in table 1), graphite insulation material, Al-10%Sr
Alterant, Al-5%Ti-1%B fining agent, DSG aluminium alloy slagging-off degasifier, coating.
The chemical composition (wt%) of table 1A356 alloy
(2) the used instrument and equipment of experiment: intermediate frequency furnace, the 12KW resistance furnace, active imposed load hot tearing proving installation, the TP1000 recording instrument without paper, " K " the type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple.
(3) preliminary work before the experiment:
1. inspection recording instrument without paper, buncher, tension-compression sensor, " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple and other elements operate as normal whether before the experiment.
2. connecting screw rod is adjusted to initial position, and the full silk screw rod of connecting screw rod end is tightened.
3. mix making the used coating of experiment, this coating composition is zinc paste, water glass and water.
4. the signal output part of " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple and " S " type sensor and the signal input part of recording instrument without paper are connected.
(4) experimental implementation step:
The first step: with the metal die paint coating, and on metal die, install needed graphite insulation material and graphite plug, then metal die is carried out preheating, preheat temperature is about 230 ℃.
Second step: melting.Detailed process is:
1. load weighted A356 alloy is put into crucible, and crucible is placed in the intermediate frequency furnace melts;
2. the A356 alloy after will melting (aluminium liquid) is transferred in the resistance furnace and is incubated, and the holding temperature of resistance furnace is set at 730 ℃;
When 3. temperature of aluminum liquid is 700 ℃～720 ℃; The DSG aluminium alloy slagging-off degasifier of A356 alloy gross weight 0.5% evenly is sprinkling upon aluminium liquid surface; With pressing the spoon back of the body to be pressed into repeatedly in the aluminium liquid 3～5 times, left standstill 10 minutes, scoop out small amount of aluminum liquid and be put into and observe degassing effect on the refractory brick;
4. the Al-5%Ti-1%B fining agent that adds A356 alloy gross weight 0.5% stirred about 3 minutes, left standstill 10 minutes;
5. the Al-10%Sr alterant that adds A356 alloy gross weight 0.2% stirred 3 minutes, left standstill 10 minutes.
The 3rd step: under 730 ℃, pour into a mould.
The 4th step: behind the alloy casting complete, recording instrument without paper begins the collecting temperature data, when temperature is reduced to 610 ℃; Open the power supply of buncher; The rotating speed of buncher is adjusted into 20r/min (under this rotating speed, the loading velocity of level is 0.7mm/s), after the complete drawing crack of sample or sample solidify fully, stops machine operation; When temperature is reduced to 300 ℃, stop the collection of temperature, last opening metal mould takes out sample.In this experiment, tensile phenomenon has appearred in bar-shaped sample, through under ESEM, observing the surface topography of fracture, can prove that this fracture is a fire check.
The 5th step: data processing.In experimentation, the measured temperature and the curve of imposed load are as shown in Figure 3.Curve map by Fig. 3 is given can be known; The primary phase temperature of the alloy that experiment records is 609.8 ℃, and eutectic temperature is 564.8 ℃, is lower than theoretical eutectic temperature slightly; This mainly be because this experiment employing be that metal die is poured into a mould; The cooling velocity of foundry goods integral body is very fast, and it is normal phenomenon that the eutectic temperature of this alloy that experiment records is lower than theoretical eutectic temperature, and this phenomenon is checking to some extent in other documents.Curve through load can obtain 3 relatively more outstanding unique points, and promptly crack stage (like C point among Fig. 3) and sample final fracture stage (like E point among Fig. 3) appear in the stage of sample imposed load (like B point among Fig. 3), sample.Among the figure shown in the regional A is the pressure of the liquid metal of fusion to tension-compression sensor; Shown in the region D is the decline of an intensity level occurring of the existence owing to intercrystalline bridge between the crackle of sample, and shown in the regional F is the friction force between post-rift sample and the metal die.
Concrete experimental procedure sees embodiment 1 for details, difference: the inner insulation material of used metal die die cavity changes the riser head heat-preserving material into by the graphite insulation material; In order to reduce the whole cooling velocity of metal die, around the good metal die of preheating, be incubated with insulating brick; The loading velocity of level is controlled at 0.15mm/s.
The measured temperature and the curve of imposed load are as shown in Figure 4.In the present embodiment, owing to reduced the whole cooling velocity of metal die, make primary phase temperature (615.5 ℃) that experiment records and eutectic temperature (576 ℃) more near the theoretical temperatures of this alloy.Curve by imposed load can know, similar with instance 1 have 3 unique points and 3 characteristic areas too.Two embodiment at high temperature critical load numerical value of drawing crack sample are different; This mainly is in instance 2, to have reduced the whole cooling velocity of metal die; In the process of carrying out the active imposed load; It is that interdendritic intensity is set up just by drawing crack fully that sample does not solidify fully, that is to say sample solid rate less than below 0.9 by drawing crack.
Though the above-mentioned accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention that combines is described; But be not restriction to protection domain of the present invention; Said those skilled in the art should be understood that; On the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art need not pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. an aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under the imposed load condition initiatively is characterized in that, mainly comprises the sample mould unit, connecting screw rod, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism, the load applying unit that connect successively; Said sample mould unit, connecting screw rod, data test unit, frame type bindiny mechanism, load applying unit are positioned at equipment base top; Said data acquisition unit also is connected with the data test unit.
2. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 1 is characterized in that said sample mould unit comprises metal die; Said metal die comprises two metal half modules; Said metal die set inside has die cavity; Said metal die top is provided with temperature and surveys mouth.
3. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the said die cavity insulation material is installed; Said insulation material is riser head heat-preserving material product or graphite material.
4. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 3 is characterized in that said data test unit comprises load test mechanism and temperature test mechanism; Said load test mechanism is " S " type sensor, and " S " type sensor links to each other with the sample mould unit through connecting screw rod; Said temperature test mechanism is " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple, and the temperature that " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple directly inserts metal die top is surveyed mouthful.
5. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said data acquisition unit adopts recording instrument without paper; The said recording instrument without paper data sampling cycle is 0.1S.
6. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 5 is characterized in that, said load applying unit comprises trapezoidal screw, bearing seat, shaft coupling and the buncher that connects successively; Said trapezoidal screw links to each other with " S " type sensor through frame type bindiny mechanism.
7. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said connecting screw rod end is equipped with full silk screw rod; Said connecting screw rod and junction, sample mould unit are provided with the graphite plug.
8. aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing under a kind of active imposed load condition as claimed in claim 7; It is characterized in that; The center line of the output shaft of buncher, frame type bindiny mechanism, " S " type sensor, connecting screw rod, metal die all is positioned at same horizontal line, the right alignment≤0.15mm during assembling.
9. the method for aluminium alloy hot tearing experimental apparatus for testing test aluminium alloy hot tearing is characterized in that under a kind of active imposed load condition as claimed in claim 8, may further comprise the steps:
(1) inspection recording instrument without paper, buncher, " S " type sensor, " K " type nickel chromium-nickel silicon thermocouple and shaft coupling operate as normal whether before the experiment;
(2) preheating metal die makes the temperature of metal die remain on 200 ~ 250 ℃;
(3) connecting screw rod is adjusted to initial position, and the full silk screw rod of connecting screw rod end is tightened;
(4) install; The signal input data line of insulation material, graphite plug and recording instrument without paper prepares to carry out the alloy cast then;
(5) behind the alloy casting complete; According to alloy species, alloy hot cracking tendency size; Select suitable alloy graining time and motor speed, carry out load and load, after the complete drawing crack of sample or sample solidify fully, stop the work of buncher and recording instrument without paper; Data behind the recording instrument without paper record change PC over to and handle, and last opening metal mould takes out sample.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN105806876A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-07-27 | 沈阳工业大学 | Experimental device for testing hot cracking tendency of alloy |
| CN108931421A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-04 | 上海大学 | A kind of fire check test device of In Situ Heating |
| CN110576164A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2019-12-17 | 内蒙古工业大学 | device for measuring solidification shrinkage and thermal cracks of continuous casting billet |
| CN110749616A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-04 | 沈阳工业大学 | Bottom pouring type experimental device and method for testing hot cracking tendency of alloy |
| CN111006931A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-14 | 北京科技大学 | Device for predicting hot cracking sensitivity of aluminum alloy welding |
| CN111519060A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-11 | 山东大学 | Device and method for preparing carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN112505286A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-16 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Detection device and method for zinc-induced liquid metal crack formation condition |
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| CN105806876A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-07-27 | 沈阳工业大学 | Experimental device for testing hot cracking tendency of alloy |
| CN105806876B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2018-05-01 | 沈阳工业大学 | The experimental provision of beta alloy hot cracking tendency |
| CN108931421A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2018-12-04 | 上海大学 | A kind of fire check test device of In Situ Heating |
| CN112505286A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-16 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Detection device and method for zinc-induced liquid metal crack formation condition |
| CN112505286B (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2023-08-11 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Detection device and method for zinc-induced liquid metal crack formation condition |
| CN110576164A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2019-12-17 | 内蒙古工业大学 | device for measuring solidification shrinkage and thermal cracks of continuous casting billet |
| CN110576164B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-10-08 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Device for measuring solidification shrinkage and thermal cracks of continuous casting billet |
| CN110749616A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-04 | 沈阳工业大学 | Bottom pouring type experimental device and method for testing hot cracking tendency of alloy |
| CN110749616B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-03-08 | 沈阳工业大学 | Bottom pouring type experimental device and method for testing hot cracking tendency of alloy |
| CN111006931A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-14 | 北京科技大学 | Device for predicting hot cracking sensitivity of aluminum alloy welding |
| CN111519060A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-11 | 山东大学 | Device and method for preparing carbon-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
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