CN111519001A - Manufacturing method of small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111519001A CN111519001A CN202010407762.9A CN202010407762A CN111519001A CN 111519001 A CN111519001 A CN 111519001A CN 202010407762 A CN202010407762 A CN 202010407762A CN 111519001 A CN111519001 A CN 111519001A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a small-size tough eccentric motor shaft, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a rough blank: processing the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank; (2) quenching the motor shaft rough blank; (3) and tempering the quenched motor shaft rough blank, and grinding to obtain the motor shaft. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the manufacturing method of the small-size tough eccentric motor shaft adopts GCR15 bearing steel as a main raw material, forms a metallographic structure of tempered martensite and granular residual carbides through quenching and tempering, and obtains the motor shaft with good mechanical properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electromechanical manufacturing, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft.
Background
The motor shaft, also known as motor shaft or motor shaft, is a special shaft that is specially applied to an electric motor or motor. The shaft used in the motor is a part for supporting the shaft, which can guide the rotation of the shaft and can also bear the idle part on the shaft, and the concept of the bearing is wide. The motor shaft utilizes smooth metal balls or rollers that carry the load and support the motor shaft for smooth rotation of the motor, and lubricated inner and outer race metal surfaces to reduce friction.
The small-sized eccentric motor shaft is usually made of quenched and tempered steel, and because the quenched and tempered steel has good comprehensive mechanical properties after quenching and high-temperature tempering, the quenched and tempered steel is commonly used for manufacturing shaft parts, and in order to improve surface hardness and wear resistance, surface quenching is usually adopted after the quenched and tempered steel is treated, but the process is complex and high in cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a motor shaft, which has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, low cost and good mechanical property.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing method of a small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: processing the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank;
(2) quenching the motor shaft rough blank;
(3) and tempering the quenched motor shaft rough blank, and grinding to obtain the motor shaft.
Spheroidizing annealing is annealing for spheroidizing carbides in steel to obtain a structure of spherical or granular carbides uniformly distributed on a ferrite matrix. The general operation steps are as follows: heating the steel to 20-30 ℃ above Ac1, preserving the heat for a period of time, then slowly cooling to a temperature slightly lower than Ac1, and preserving the heat for a period of time to finish the structure transformation, thereby obtaining a structure of spherical or granular carbide uniformly distributed on a ferrite matrix.
The main purpose of spheroidizing annealing is to reduce hardness, improve machinability and prepare for subsequent quenching, and this process is favorable to plastic working and cutting and can raise mechanical toughness.
The GCR15 bearing steel is high-carbon chromium bearing steel with less alloy content, good performance and the most extensive application, and has high and uniform hardness, good wear resistance and high contact fatigue performance after quenching and tempering.
Further, the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.95 to 1.05 percent of C, 1.10 to 1.65 percent of Cr, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S and less than or equal to 0.027 percent of P.
Further, the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.98-1.04 percent of C, 1.30-1.60 percent of Cr, 0.26-0.36 percent of Mn, 0.20-0.30 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.018 percent of S and less than or equal to 0.023 percent of P.
Further, the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c1.02, Cr 1.50, Mn0.30, Si 0.25, S0.01 and P0.02.
Preferably, the bearing steel is machined into the motor shaft rough blank by a machining method.
The machining method generally refers to a method of machining a material by cutting, grinding, or chipping the material using a machine.
Further, the quenching is as follows: heating the motor shaft rough blank to 820-860 ℃ and preserving heat for 40-80min, and then carrying out oil cooling.
Preferably, the quenching is: heating the motor shaft rough blank to 850 ℃ and preserving heat for 60min, and then carrying out oil cooling.
Further, the tempering is: heating the quenched motor shaft rough blank to 400-450 ℃, preserving heat for 40-80min, and then cooling with water.
Preferably, the tempering is: heating the quenched motor shaft rough blank to 430 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, and then cooling with water.
Further, the method of grinding is centerless grinding. Centerless grinding is also called centerless grinding and is one type of grinding processing. The centerless grinding machine is provided with a guide wheel and a grinding wheel, the guide wheel drives a cylindrical workpiece to rotate on a sizing block, the grinding wheel performs a grinding effect on the workpiece, and the centerless grinding belongs to a peripheral grinding method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the manufacturing method of the small-size tough eccentric motor shaft adopts GCR15 bearing steel as a main raw material and carries out quenching and tempering treatment to obtain the motor shaft with good mechanical property.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A manufacturing method of a small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: processing the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank;
(2) quenching the motor shaft rough blank;
(3) and tempering the quenched motor shaft rough blank, and grinding to obtain the motor shaft.
Example 2
A manufacturing method of a small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: machining the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank by adopting a machining method;
the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c0.95, Cr 1.10, Mn 0.20, Si 0.15, S0.02, P0.027;
(2) heating the motor shaft rough blank to 820 ℃, preserving heat for 80min, performing oil cooling and quenching treatment;
(3) and heating the quenched rough blank of the motor shaft to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 80min, performing water cooling and tempering treatment, and grinding by adopting a centerless grinding method to obtain the motor shaft.
Example 3
A manufacturing method of a small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: machining the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank by adopting a machining method;
the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c1.0, Cr 1.30, Mn0.30, Si 0.26, S0.008 and P0.015;
(2) heating the motor shaft rough blank to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 65min, performing oil cooling and quenching treatment;
(3) and heating the quenched rough blank of the motor shaft to 430 ℃, preserving heat for 65min, performing water cooling and tempering treatment, and grinding by adopting a centerless grinding method to obtain the motor shaft.
Example 4
A manufacturing method of a small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: machining the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank by adopting a machining method;
the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c0.98, Cr 1.30, Mn 0.26, Si0.20, S0.018, P0.023;
(2) heating the motor shaft rough blank to 830 ℃, preserving heat for 70min, performing oil cooling and quenching treatment;
(3) and heating the quenched rough blank of the motor shaft to 410 ℃, preserving heat for 75min, performing water cooling and tempering treatment, and grinding by adopting a centerless grinding method to obtain the motor shaft.
Example 5
A manufacturing method of a small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: machining the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank by adopting a machining method;
the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c1.04, Cr 1.60, Mn 0.36, Si 0.30, S0.015 and P0.018;
(2) heating the motor shaft rough blank to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 50min, performing oil cooling and quenching treatment;
(3) and heating the quenched rough blank of the motor shaft to 440 ℃, preserving heat for 45min, performing water cooling and tempering treatment, and grinding by adopting a centerless grinding method to obtain the motor shaft.
Example 6
A manufacturing method of a small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: machining the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank by adopting a machining method;
the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c1.05, Cr 1.65, Mn 0.40, Si 0.35, S0.02, P0.015;
(2) heating the motor shaft rough blank to 860 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, performing oil cooling and quenching treatment;
(3) and heating the quenched rough blank of the motor shaft to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, performing water cooling and tempering treatment, and grinding by adopting a centerless grinding method to obtain the motor shaft.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 the method for manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: machining the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank by adopting a machining method;
the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c1.0, Cr 1.30, Mn0.30, Si 0.26, S0.008 and P0.015;
(2) heating the motor shaft rough blank to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 65min, performing oil cooling and quenching treatment;
(3) and heating the quenched rough blank of the motor shaft to 300 ℃, preserving heat for 65min, performing water cooling and tempering treatment, and grinding by adopting a centerless grinding method to obtain the motor shaft.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 the method for manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft includes the steps of:
(1) preparing a rough blank: machining the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank by adopting a machining method;
the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c1.0, Cr 1.30, Mn0.30, Si 0.26, S0.008 and P0.015;
(2) heating the motor shaft rough blank to 850 ℃, preserving heat for 65min, performing oil cooling and quenching treatment;
(3) and heating the quenched rough blank of the motor shaft to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 65min, performing water cooling and tempering treatment, and grinding by adopting a centerless grinding method to obtain the motor shaft.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 the method for manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: machining the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank by adopting a machining method;
the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c1.0, Cr 1.30, Mn0.30, Si 0.26, S0.008 and P0.015;
(2) heating the crude blank of the motor shaft to 780 ℃ and preserving heat for 65min, carrying out oil cooling and quenching treatment;
(3) and heating the quenched rough blank of the motor shaft to 430 ℃, preserving heat for 65min, performing water cooling and tempering treatment, and grinding by adopting a centerless grinding method to obtain the motor shaft.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 a method of manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a rough blank: machining the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank by adopting a machining method;
the GCR15 bearing steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c1.0, Cr 1.30, Mn0.30, Si 0.26, S0.008 and P0.015;
(2) heating the motor shaft rough blank to 930 ℃, preserving heat for 65min, performing oil cooling and quenching treatment;
(3) and heating the quenched rough blank of the motor shaft to 430 ℃, preserving heat for 65min, performing water cooling and tempering treatment, and grinding by adopting a centerless grinding method to obtain the motor shaft.
Motor shafts having impact specimen sizes of 7mm × 7mm × 55mm were prepared according to the methods for manufacturing small-sized tough eccentric motor shafts described in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively, and the hardness of the obtained motor shafts were measured using rockwell hardometers, and the impact absorption power of the obtained motor shafts was measured using impact testers, respectively, and the measurement results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 measurement results of hardness and impact absorption work of motor shaft
| Item | Hardness (HRC) | Impact absorption work (J) |
| Example 1 | 59.6 | 136 |
| Example 2 | 59.7 | 128 |
| Example 3 | 58.9 | 131 |
| Example 4 | 59.1 | 133 |
| Example 5 | 59.6 | 129 |
| Example 6 | 59.5 | 131 |
| Comparative example 1 | 46.5 | 70 |
| Comparative example 2 | 47.1 | 78 |
| Comparative example 3 | 46.8 | 73 |
| Comparative example 4 | 46.3 | 79 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the motor shaft obtained by the method for manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft according to the present invention is superior in hardness and impact energy absorption performance to the motor shaft obtained by the method for manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft according to comparative examples 1 to 4.
The small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft is subjected to load torque, and the requirements of high strength, high hardness, high wear resistance and high impact toughness are provided for material selection. Along with the rise of the tempering temperature, carbide particles precipitated from the martensite are aggregated and grown. The hardness variation trend is in negative correlation with the tempering temperature, and the impact shock absorption power is in positive correlation with the tempering temperature.
Compared with the manufacturing method of the small-size high-toughness eccentric motor shaft in the comparative example 1, the manufacturing method in the comparative example 1 has the advantages that the tempering temperature is lower than that of the manufacturing method in the invention, the Hardness (HRC) of the obtained motor shaft is 46.5, and the impact absorption power (J) is 70; comparative example 2 with respect to the method for manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft according to the present invention, the temperature of the tempering treatment of the manufacturing method of comparative example 2 was higher than that of the tempering treatment of the manufacturing method according to the present invention, and the resulting motor shaft had a Hardness (HRC) of 47.1 and an impact absorption power (J) of 78; comparative example 3 with respect to the method for manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft according to the present invention, the temperature of the quenching treatment of the manufacturing method of comparative example 3 was lower than that of the quenching treatment of the manufacturing method according to the present invention, and the resulting motor shaft had a Hardness (HRC) of 46.8 and an impact absorption power (J) of 73; the temperature of the quenching treatment of the manufacturing method of comparative example 4 was higher than that of the quenching treatment of the manufacturing method of the present invention, and the resulting motor shaft Hardness (HRC) was 46.3 and the impact absorption work (J) was 79. 9
Respectively spraying a layer of the same insulating material (the insulating material can be ceramic or rubber) on the small-size tough eccentric motor shaft and the eccentric motor shafts in the comparative examples 1-4, and detecting the insulating property of the surface of the motor shaft body:
the motor shafts of examples and comparative examples were tested for insulation properties after being spray coated with an insulation material at room temperature using an insulation withstand voltage tester (500V ac) and a multimeter, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 insulation performance of motor shaft after spraying insulation material
As can be seen from table 2: the insulating property of the eccentric motor shaft sprayed with the insulating material is superior to that of the motor shaft sprayed with the insulating material in comparative examples 1-4. The eccentric motor shaft has excellent mechanical performance and better adhesion of insulating materials through the improvement of quenching and tempering temperatures.
Claims (10)
1. A manufacturing method of a small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a rough blank: processing the spheroidizing annealed GCR15 bearing steel into a motor shaft rough blank;
(2) quenching the motor shaft rough blank;
(3) and tempering the quenched motor shaft rough blank, and grinding to obtain the motor shaft.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the GCR15 steel comprises the following components in mass fraction: 0.95-1.05 (C: 0.95-1.05), 1.10-1.65 (1.40-1.65) of Cr, 0.20-0.40 (0.25-0.45) of Mn, 0.15-0.35 (0.15-0.35) of Si, less than or equal to 0.02(0.025) of S and less than or equal to 0.027(0.025) of P.
Mo is less than or equal to 0.10, Ni is less than or equal to 0.30, Cu is less than or equal to 0.25, Ni + Cu is less than or equal to 0.50, and the balance is Fe.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the GCR15 steel comprises the following components in mass fraction: 0.98-1.04 percent of C, 1.30-1.60 percent of Cr, 0.26-0.36 percent of Mn, 0.20-0.30 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.018 percent of S and less than or equal to 0.023 percent of P.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the GCR15 steel comprises the following components in mass fraction: c1.02, Cr 1.50, Mn0.30, Si 0.25, S0.01 and P0.02.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bearing steel is machined into the motor shaft blank by a machining method.
6. The method for manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft according to claim 5, wherein the quenching is: heating the motor shaft rough blank to 820-860 ℃ and preserving heat for 40-80min, and then carrying out oil cooling.
7. The method for manufacturing a small-sized tough eccentric motor shaft as claimed in claim 6, wherein the quenching is: heating the motor shaft rough blank to 850 ℃ and preserving heat for 60min, and then carrying out oil cooling.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the tempering is: heating the quenched motor shaft rough blank to 400-450 ℃, preserving heat for 40-80min, and then cooling with water.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the tempering is: heating the quenched motor shaft rough blank to 430 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, and then cooling with water.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the grinding is performed centreless.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010407762.9A CN111519001A (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2020-05-14 | Manufacturing method of small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft |
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| CN202010407762.9A CN111519001A (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2020-05-14 | Manufacturing method of small-size strong-toughness eccentric motor shaft |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112322998A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江宝武钢铁有限公司 | Bearing steel electroslag ingot with good dimensional stability and processing technology thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2780418A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 1999-12-31 | Aubert & Duval Sa | Case hardening steel e.g. for transmission components of helicopters, competition vehicles and heat engines |
| CN102433502A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-05-02 | 中冶南方(武汉)威仕工业炉有限公司 | Spheroidized annealing technology for GCr15 bearing steel |
| CN102865301A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-01-09 | 江苏力星通用钢球股份有限公司 | Steel ball special for large-sized offshore wind turbine generator bearing and manufacturing process of steel ball |
| CN106868258A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-20 | 西京学院 | A kind of high-carbon chromium steel carbide superfining handling process |
-
2020
- 2020-05-14 CN CN202010407762.9A patent/CN111519001A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2780418A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 1999-12-31 | Aubert & Duval Sa | Case hardening steel e.g. for transmission components of helicopters, competition vehicles and heat engines |
| CN102433502A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-05-02 | 中冶南方(武汉)威仕工业炉有限公司 | Spheroidized annealing technology for GCr15 bearing steel |
| CN102865301A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-01-09 | 江苏力星通用钢球股份有限公司 | Steel ball special for large-sized offshore wind turbine generator bearing and manufacturing process of steel ball |
| CN106868258A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-20 | 西京学院 | A kind of high-carbon chromium steel carbide superfining handling process |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112322998A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江宝武钢铁有限公司 | Bearing steel electroslag ingot with good dimensional stability and processing technology thereof |
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