CN111516128A - 一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法 - Google Patents
一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法,属于石油烃污染土壤治理技术领域,本发明按资源化处理包括如下步骤:原料制备、原料搅拌、压制成型、晾晒、焙烧,以及制砖过程中的尾气处理。通过应用本方法利用石油烃污染土壤制备普通烧结砖,既可以利用污染土壤提供制砖所需的矿物质,又可通过土壤中石油烃污染物燃烧降低烧制时能源消耗,同时将污染土壤制备成普通烧结砖,实现了污染土壤资源化利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石油烃污染土壤治理技术领域,尤其涉及一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法。
背景技术
石油是人类最重要的能源之一,在材料、化工、交通等领域有着至关重要的作用。但近年来随着石油工业的迅猛发展和石油产品的广泛使用,土壤所遭受的石油污染问题愈加严重。土壤中的石油烃污染物会破坏土壤结构、改变其理化性质,影响农作物的质量以及危害人体健康。因此,对石油烃污染土壤的治理和修复已成为我国乃至世界的重大环境治理问题。
石油烃污染土壤的修复技术主要有热处理法、气相抽提法、氧化还原法、生物法等。其中,热处理法因其具有修复周期短、修复效果好、二次污染小等特点,在高浓度、高风险有机污染场地的修复方面具备明显的优势,被广泛应用于石油烃污染土壤修复。然而,主流的热处理方法如热脱附技术修复后的土壤结构遭到破坏,修复后土壤一般只能堆置等待后续处理。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法,解决背景技术中的技术问题。将污染土壤通过制砖处理制备普通烧结砖,以解决现有的土壤修复技术存在的修复后土壤难以资源化利用等问题。
一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:原料制备:将石油烃污染土壤进行筛分,筛除污染土壤中混凝土、树枝、塑料、编织袋和铁丝杂物,然后将分选后的污染土壤添加内燃物和粘土再进行破碎;
步骤2:原料搅拌:将步骤1制得的原料送入双轴搅拌机进行充分混合搅拌,搅拌过程中加入水,搅拌充分后土壤通过磁选机筛除铁丝和钢筋杂物;
步骤3:制坯:将步骤2混合后的土壤通过传送带送至制砖机压制成型,得到生砖坯;
步骤4:晾坯:将步骤3制得的生砖坯运输至砖坯晾晒场进行露天晾晒,至砖坯含水率降至6%~8%;
步骤5:焙烧:将步骤4中晾晒后的生砖坯送入砖窑进行高温焙烧,得到成品砖制品;
步骤6:砖窑尾气处理:将步骤5产生的尾气经离心机引至脱硫塔,在除尘降温的同时,进行脱硫处理,然后将尾气引至气水分离器,进行水、气分离后,再送入活性炭吸附器进一步去除尾气中的污染物,最后达标后经烟囱排出。
所述步骤1中,破碎选用的破碎设备为对辊破碎机,保证破碎分选后污染土壤颗粒粒径≤2mm,内燃物采用煤粉,添加比例为15%~20%。粘土根据土壤性质调整添加比例,为0~50%。
所述步骤2中,采用磁选机对搅拌均匀的原料进行筛除处理。
所述步骤3中,制砖机为液压制砖机或者真空制砖机,当土壤含砂或者混凝土量大于10%时,选用液压制砖机,小于10%时,选用真空制砖机。
所述步骤5中,生砖坯在砖窑中的焙烧过程包括预热、焙烧、保温、冷却和装出五个阶段,预热带窑体温度从150~750℃逐渐上升,砖坯预热时间为16~24小时,完成脱水烘干的过程;焙烧带窑体温度从750~1100℃逐渐上升,焙烧时间约5~6小时,其中焙烧按低温、中温、高温三个阶段进行,低温段从投煤引火开始,持续1~3小时,中温段至少保持3~5小时,高温段的时间不能过长,30~50分钟即可烧成;保温带即达到烧成温度,完成焙烧所需的时间后停止投煤,使窑内保持固定时间的高温,让砖体达到完全凝固形的过程段,该过程至少要保温3~5小时,保温期间避免降温过快,影响成品质量;冷却带应采取自然冷却,当窑内温度降至300℃以下,即可出砖。
所述步骤6中,砖窑尾气经引风机引至尾气处理装置,尾气先经过脱硫塔碱液喷淋实现降温、除尘、脱硫,然后经过气水分离器进行分离,最后经活性炭吸附处理后达标排放,非点火期间尾气处理后符合《大气污染综合排放标准》(GB16297)相关要求,制砖过程中尾气满足《砖瓦工业大气污染物排放标准》(GB29620)相关要求。
本发明采用了上述技术方案,本发明具有以下技术效果:
本发明利用高浓度石油烃污染土壤制备普通烧结砖,其生产系统解决了土壤中的高浓度石油烃污染物和焙烧后产生的气体污染环境的问题,同时将污染土壤制备成普通烧结砖,实现了污染土壤资源化利用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,举出优选实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。然而,需要说明的是,说明书中列出的许多细节仅仅是为了使读者对本发明的一个或多个方面有一个透彻的理解,即便没有这些特定的细节也可以实现本发明的这些方面。
实例1:西北某搬迁石化厂污染土壤,总石油烃含量最大检出值为31061mg/kg,土质为砂质粉土,土壤中含有砖块、大块混凝土、塑料、铁丝等杂物。利用高浓度石油烃污染土壤制备普通烧结砖步骤如下:
(1)原料制备:将石油烃污染土壤送至筛分机中进行筛分,筛下土壤添加15%煤粉和20%粘土,通过输送机输送至高速对辊破碎机进行破碎,使得污染土壤颗粒粒径≤2mm。
(2)原料搅拌:将步骤(1)制得的原料送入双轴搅拌机进行充分混合搅拌,搅拌过程中加入适量的水,搅拌充分后土壤通过磁选机筛除铁丝等杂物。
(3)制坯:将步骤(2)混合后的土壤通过传送带送至液压制砖机压制成型,得到生砖坯。
(4)晾坯:将步骤(3)制得的生砖坯运输至砖坯晾晒场进行露天自然晾晒,使得砖坯含水率降至6%~8%。
(5)焙烧:将步骤(4)中晾晒后的生砖坯送入砖窑进行高温焙烧,得到成品砖制品。生砖坯在砖窑中的焙烧过程包括预热、焙烧、保温、冷却和装出五个阶段。预热带窑体温度从150~750℃逐渐上升,砖坯预热时间为16~24小时,完成脱水烘干的过程;焙烧带窑体温度从750~1100℃逐渐上升,焙烧时间约5~6小时,其中焙烧按低温、中温、高温三个阶段进行,低温段从投煤引火开始,持续1~3小时,中温段至少保持3~5小时,高温段的时间不能过长,30~50分钟即可烧成;保温带即达到烧成温度,完成焙烧所需的时间后停止投煤,使窑内保持一定时间的高温,让砖体达到完全凝固形的过程段,该过程至少要保温3~5小时,保温期间避免降温过急,影响成品质量;冷却带应采取自然冷却,不允许使用机械(如吹风机)冷却,以免引起砖体炸裂;当窑内温度降至300℃以下,即可出砖。
(6)砖窑尾气处理:将步骤(5)中制砖过程中产生的尾气经引风机引至脱硫塔,在降温除尘的同时进行脱硫处理,然后将尾气引至气水分离器,进行水、气分离后,再送入活性炭吸附器进一步去除尾气中的污染物,最后达标后经烟囱排出。
所述砖窑采用施工现场自建的砖窑,窑内各带循环往复、轮转不息,不间断地进行流水作业生产。
实例2:河北某搬迁石化厂污染土壤,总石油烃含量最大检出值为23000mg/kg,土质为粘土,杂物含量较少。利用高浓度石油烃污染土壤制备普通烧结砖步骤如下:
(1)原料制备:将石油烃污染土壤中添加20%煤粉,混合后送至高速对辊破碎机进行破碎,使得污染土壤颗粒粒径≤2mm。
(2)原料搅拌:将步骤(1)制得的原料送入双轴搅拌机进行混合搅拌,搅拌过程中加入适量的水,进行充分搅拌。
(3)制坯:将步骤(2)混合后的土壤通过传送带送至真空制砖机压制成型,得到生砖坯。
(4)晾坯:将步骤(3)制得的生砖坯运输至砖坯晾晒场进行露天自然晾晒,使得砖坯含水率降至6%~8%。
(5)焙烧:将步骤(4)中晾晒后的生砖坯送入砖窑进行高温焙烧,得到成品砖制品。生砖坯在砖窑中的焙烧过程包括预热、焙烧、保温、冷却和装出五个阶段。预热带窑体温度从150~750℃逐渐上升,砖坯预热时间为16~24小时,完成脱水烘干的过程;焙烧带窑体温度从750~1100℃逐渐上升,焙烧时间约5~6小时,其中焙烧按低温、中温、高温三个阶段进行,低温段从投煤引火开始,持续1~3小时,中温段至少保持3~5小时,高温段的时间不能过长,30~50分钟即可烧成;保温带即达到烧成温度,完成焙烧所需的时间后停止投煤,使窑内保持一定时间的高温,让砖体达到完全凝固形的过程段,该过程至少要保温3~5小时,保温期间避免降温过急,影响成品质量;冷却带应采取自然冷却,不允许使用机械(如吹风机)冷却,以免引起砖体炸裂;当窑内温度降至300℃以下,即可出砖。
(6)砖窑尾气处理:将步骤(5)中制砖过程中产生的尾气经引风机引至脱硫塔,在降温除尘的同时进行脱硫处理,然后将尾气引至气水分离器,进行水、气分离后,再送入活性炭吸附器进一步去除尾气中的污染物,最后达标后经烟囱排出。
所述砖窑采用施工现场自建的砖窑,窑内各带循环往复、轮转不息,不间断地进行流水作业生产。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括如下步骤:
步骤1:原料制备:将石油烃污染土壤进行筛分,筛除污染土壤中混凝土、树枝、塑料、编织袋和铁丝杂物,然后将分选后的污染土壤添加内燃物和粘土再进行破碎;
步骤2:原料搅拌:将步骤1制得的原料送入双轴搅拌机进行充分混合搅拌,搅拌过程中加入水,搅拌充分后土壤通过磁选机筛除铁丝和钢筋杂物;
步骤3:制坯:将步骤2混合后的土壤通过传送带送至制砖机压制成型,得到生砖坯;
步骤4:晾坯:将步骤3制得的生砖坯运输至砖坯晾晒场进行露天晾晒,至砖坯含水率降至6%~8%;
步骤5:焙烧:将步骤4中晾晒后的生砖坯送入砖窑进行高温焙烧,得到成品砖制品;
步骤6:砖窑尾气处理:将步骤5产生的尾气经离心机引至脱硫塔,在除尘降温的同时,进行脱硫处理,然后将尾气引至气水分离器,进行水、气分离后,再送入活性炭吸附器进一步去除尾气中的污染物,最后达标后经烟囱排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中,破碎选用的破碎设备为对辊破碎机,保证破碎分选后污染土壤颗粒粒径≤2mm,内燃物采用煤粉,添加比例为15%~20%。粘土根据土壤性质调整添加比例,为0~50%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2中,采用磁选机对搅拌均匀的原料进行筛除处理。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3中,制砖机为液压制砖机或者真空制砖机,当土壤含砂或者混凝土量大于10%时,选用液压制砖机,小于10%时,选用真空制砖机。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5中,生砖坯在砖窑中的焙烧过程包括预热、焙烧、保温、冷却和装出五个阶段,预热带窑体温度从150~750℃逐渐上升,砖坯预热时间为16~24小时,完成脱水烘干的过程;焙烧带窑体温度从750~1100℃逐渐上升,焙烧时间约5~6小时,其中焙烧按低温、中温、高温三个阶段进行,低温段从投煤引火开始,持续1~3小时,中温段至少保持3~5小时,高温段的时间不能过长,30~50分钟即可烧成;保温带即达到烧成温度,完成焙烧所需的时间后停止投煤,使窑内保持固定时间的高温,让砖体达到完全凝固形的过程段,该过程至少要保温3~5小时,保温期间避免降温过快,影响成品质量;冷却带应采取自然冷却,当窑内温度降至300℃以下,即可出砖。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高浓度石油烃污染土壤资源化处理的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤6中,砖窑尾气经引风机引至尾气处理装置,尾气先经过脱硫塔碱液喷淋实现降温、除尘、脱硫,然后经过气水分离器进行分离,最后经活性炭吸附处理后达标排放,非点火期间尾气处理后符合《大气污染综合排放标准》(GB16297)相关要求,制砖过程中尾气满足《砖瓦工业大气污染物排放标准》(GB29620)相关要求。
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