CN111515274A - Flexible bending method and processing device for metal plate - Google Patents
Flexible bending method and processing device for metal plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN111515274A CN111515274A CN202010416936.8A CN202010416936A CN111515274A CN 111515274 A CN111515274 A CN 111515274A CN 202010416936 A CN202010416936 A CN 202010416936A CN 111515274 A CN111515274 A CN 111515274A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
- B21D5/04—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves on brakes making use of clamping means on one side of the work
Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible bending method and a processing device for a metal plate, and aims to solve the problems of poor flexibility and function solidification of the conventional plate bending machine. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the spatial position of the metal plate is fixed through a pressing mechanism, and the accurate bending forming is realized by matching with a bending die strip controlled by two-axis linkage; and when planning the motion trail of the bending die strip, comprehensively considering factors of the bending angle, the material property of the plate and the thickness of the plate. The technical method and the device can realize bending processing of different bending radiuses and angles for metal plates of different materials and different plate thicknesses, obviously improve the process flexibility, and have important significance in industrial application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flexible bending method and a processing device for a metal plate, which are suitable for the bending forming processing process of the metal plate with the flexibility requirement and belong to the field of intelligent manufacturing.
Background
The plate bending machine is processing equipment for bending and forming a metal plate, has the function of bending the metal plate into a designed structure and shape, and is widely applied to industries of automobiles, aircraft manufacturing, light industry, shipbuilding, containers, elevators, railway vehicles and the like.
The plate bending machine is classified according to the driving mode of the mechanism and is divided into a manual bending machine, a hydraulic (pneumatic) bending machine and a motor-driven bending machine. The manual bending machine is mostly applied to occasions with low requirements on automation degree and low requirements on plate forming precision; the bending operation of the metal plate is completed by a lever mechanism driven by manpower through a universal or special die. The hydraulic (pneumatic) bending machine applies work by using static pressure of a liquid (compressed air) medium instead of manpower; although the manpower is saved to a certain extent and the processing efficiency is improved, the improvement of the forming precision of the plate is limited. The bending machine driven by the motor can accurately control the bending process by outputting the bending force through the motor, so that the forming precision of the bending machine is often higher than that of a manual bending machine. Particularly, the bending equipment provided with the servo motor has the advantage of more accurate control on the bending angle due to the closed-loop motion control function; in actual production operation, the requirement of +/-1-degree plate bending forming precision is easily and stably realized. Although the driving modes of the bending machines are different, the bending forming principles of the bending machines are similar: through the relative motion between the bending die strip and the upper die strip and the lower die strip, the metal plate is subjected to plastic deformation, and finally the expected bending angle is achieved.
The patent technology corresponding to the above description can refer to chinese patent CN201810416651, a horizontal universal numerical control bending machine; chinese patent CN201810416649, a method for bending and stamping a plate into an integral shape; chinese patent CN201810412707, a driving system of a numerical control bending machine and a numerical control bending machine; chinese patent CN201810115572, a numerical control bending machine; chinese patent CN201710845396, numerical control servo bending machine, etc.
At present, a metal plate bending machine can meet the industrial production of batch and standardization, but the flexibility of the device is still poor, and the three reasons are included. Firstly, because the sizes of the round corners of the upper die strip and the lower die strip are fixed, the plate bending machine can only form a specific bending round corner under the condition that the upper die strip and the lower die strip are not replaced. Secondly, on the premise of ensuring the bending precision, an upper die strip and a lower die strip are only suitable for forming one plate thickness; this is because the varying sheet thickness affects the spring back angle of the formed sheet, and the constant upper and lower die bar dimensions do not compensate for the newly created spring back angle variation. Similarly, the difference in the material of the plate material also has a significant influence on the spring back angle, such as aluminum alloy plate and stainless steel plate.
Just because of above-mentioned reason, there is certain limitation in the function of current panel bender, is difficult to be competent at the processing occasion that the shaping piece structure of bending is complicated, the requirement is changeable. The traditional plate bending machine enables a metal plate to generate plastic deformation through relative motion between a bending die strip and an upper die strip and a lower die strip, and the main technical idea of the invention is to realize accurate bending and forming on the metal plate through the bending die strip controlled by two-axis linkage. The bending machine which is matched with the technical method does not need to replace the upper die strip and the lower die strip, only needs to modify a numerical control program, can realize the processing operation of different metal plate materials, different plate thicknesses, different bending radii and angles, and obviously improves the flexibility of equipment.
On the other hand, some structural members obtained by bending metal plates have the requirement on pressure bearing performance, and the strength and rigidity of stress concentration areas of the structural members need to be enhanced; the simplest method is to increase the thickness of the metal sheet in the area; however, the prior art sheet metal bending machine can only bend sheet metal of a constant thickness. In order to obtain a local reinforcing effect, a thicker metal plate is often required to be selected; or the metal plate forming pieces with different thicknesses are spliced together by adopting a method of forming firstly and welding secondly. Selecting thicker plates increases raw material cost and the weight of the formed part; the method of forming first and welding second is not easy to operate, and the process complexity is high; and welding can also cause thermal distortion, affecting the overall forming accuracy.
The method and the device can realize the bending processing of the metal plates with various thickness distributions by one-time feeding. The metal plates with various thickness distributions can be formed by welding and splicing before bending; at the moment, the plate is still in a flat state, welding and splicing are relatively easy, and welding quality is good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the bending fillet of the existing plate bending machine cannot be changed on the premise of not replacing an upper die strip and a lower die strip, so that the bending forming of metal plates with different thicknesses or materials is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the flexible bending method of the metal plate in the method is as follows: the spatial position of the metal plate is fixed through a pressing mechanism, and the accurate bending forming is realized by matching with a bending die strip controlled by two-axis linkage; and when the motion trail of the bending die strip is planned, factors of the bending angle, the material property of the plate and the thickness of the plate are comprehensively considered.
The processing device of the metal plate flexible bending method adopts the technical scheme that: the device comprises three levels of modules which are a structure module, a forming module and an action module respectively; the flexible bending method is realized through the synergistic effect of the modules.
The specific technical scheme for implementing the flexible bending method of the metal plate comprises the following steps of:
A) compensating the size of the bending angle according to the thickness and the material characteristics of the metal plate; the compensation bending angle is a part exceeding the target bending angle by considering the springback of the bent plate; calculating the motion trail of the bending die strip according to the thickness of the metal plate and the numerical value of the compensation bending angle; the motion trail is an envelope curve of the contact side of the metal plate and the bending die strip after the metal plate is formed.
B) Conveying the metal plate to a processing position through a manual feeding device or an automatic feeding device; the spatial position of the metal plate is fixed through the pressing mechanism, so that the plate does not slide in the bending process; the pressing mechanism is not in contact with the metal plate of the part to be bent, and the plate to be bent is suspended on one side of the pressing mechanism.
C) Feeding the bending die strip to an initial processing position, and then moving according to the motion trail of the bending die strip calculated in the step A); the movement is completed through two-axis linkage control; and after the bending processing is finished, the bending die strip returns to the initial processing position by the original track.
D) Detecting the bending angle of the metal plate, and if the bending angle has deviation, adjusting and compensating the numerical value of the bending angle in the next bending processing; and finishing the bending operation.
The processing device for implementing the flexible bending method of the metal plate comprises three modules, namely a structure module, a forming module and an action module.
Structural modules are structural members that support stationary or moving parts. The forming module comprises an upper die strip, a lower die strip, a small die strip and a bending die strip.
The action module comprises a pneumatic module and a servo module; the pneumatic module is mainly used for initial positioning of the metal plate, and the servo module comprises a bending die strip drive A, a bending die strip drive B, an upper die strip drive and a lower die strip drive.
The technical advantages of the invention are as follows: the upper die and the lower die do not need to be replaced, and the machining operation of different metal plate materials, different plate thicknesses, different bending radii and angles can be realized only by modifying a numerical control program, so that the flexibility of the equipment is obviously improved; the method is particularly suitable for the conditions of changeable production lines and complex structure of formed parts.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 90 ° downward bend in a metal sheet.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a partial view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sheet metal material bent 90 ° upwards.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a 90 ° downward bend of a variable bend radius of a sheet metal material.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of metal sheets having different thicknesses.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a box formed from sheet metal having different thicknesses after a bending process and a welding process.
Fig. 7 is a schematic exterior view of the bending machine.
In the drawings, 1, a metal plate; 2, feeding a mould strip; 3, stripping the die strip; 4, bending the die strip; 4-1, bending the first die strip; 4-2, bending a second die strip; 4-3, bending the third position of the die strip; 4-4, bending the die strip at a fourth position; 5, bending the motion track of the die strip; 6, bending the plate; 7, compensating the bending angle; 10, partial view; 11, small mould strips; 20, thickness a of sheet metal; 21, bending lines; 22, thickness B reinforcing sheet material; 23, thickness C reinforcing the sheet; 24, a weld; 25, reinforcing the plate by the thickness B after bending; 26, a box-shaped element.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific implementation includes four method embodiments and two apparatus embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a 90 ° bending of a metal sheet 1, which is a cross-section of a bending mechanism. Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the partial view 10 of fig. 1. It should be noted that the method and the device of the invention can realize bending processing at any angle; for ease of description, the drawings show only the key forming features and their relative positions; the technical solutions with the same working principle as the device of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one of the method.
In order to complete the 90-degree downward bending processing of the plate shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(a) calculating the size of the compensation bending angle 7 according to the thickness and the material characteristics of the metal plate 1; the compensation bending angle 7 is an additional bending angle in consideration of springback after the bending of the plate; calculating a motion track 5 of the bending die strip according to the thickness of the metal plate 1 and the value of the compensation bending angle 7, wherein the motion track 5 is an envelope line of the contact side of the metal plate 1 and the bending die strip 4 after the metal plate is formed; as shown in fig. 2, in order to bend the metal plate 1 by 90 °, the bending die strip 4 needs to sequentially reach a first bending die strip position 4-1, a second bending die strip position 4-2, a third bending die strip position 4-3, and a fourth bending die strip position 4-4.
(b) Conveying the metal plate to a processing position through a manual feeding device or an automatic feeding device, and accurately positioning the plate 1; the metal plate 1 is clamped by the upper die strip 2 and the lower die strip 3, so that the metal plate does not slide in the bending process; the clamping area of the upper die strip 2 and the lower die strip 3 on the metal plate 1 is not contacted with the metal plate of the part to be bent, and the plate to be bent is suspended on one side of the pressing area.
(c) Feeding the bending die strip 4 to an initial processing position, and then moving according to the movement track 5 of the bending die strip calculated in the step a); the movement is completed through two-axis linkage control; after the bending processing is finished, the bending die strip 4 returns to the initial processing position along the original track; the initial machining position is located above the sheet metal 1.
(d) Detecting the bending angle of the bent plate 6, and if the bending angle is deviated, adjusting the numerical value of the compensation bending angle 7 in the next bending processing; and finishing the bending operation.
Method example two.
To complete the 90 ° upward bending of the sheet material shown in fig. 3, the bending die 4 also has a convex angle feature. After the step (b), the spatial position of the metal plate 1 is fixed by the upper die strip 2 and the lower die strip 3, and the bending die strip 4 moves to the lower part of the metal plate 1 firstly and then moves according to a new motion track; in the moving process, the lower convex angle of the bending die strip 4 is contacted with the metal plate 1, and the metal plate 1 is subjected to plastic deformation until the bending operation is finished. The method for calculating the new motion trajectory is the same as the method for calculating the motion trajectory 5 in step (a) in the first embodiment of the method, and includes the following steps:
(a) calculating the size of the compensation bending angle according to the thickness and the material characteristics of the metal plate; the compensation bending angle is an additional bending angle considering the springback of the bent plate; calculating a motion track of the bending die strip according to the thickness of the metal plate and the numerical value of the compensation bending angle, wherein the motion track is an envelope line of the contact side of the metal plate and the bending die strip after the metal plate is formed;
(b) conveying the metal plate to a processing position through a manual feeding device or an automatic feeding device, and accurately positioning the plate; the metal plate is clamped by the upper die strip and the lower die strip, so that the metal plate does not slide in the bending process; the clamping area of the upper die strip and the lower die strip on the metal plate is not contacted with the metal plate of the part to be bent, and the plate to be bent is suspended on one side of the pressing area.
(c) Feeding the bending die strip to an initial processing position, and then moving according to the motion trail of the bending die strip calculated in the step a); the movement is completed through two-axis linkage control; after the bending processing is finished, the bending die strip returns to the initial processing position along the original track; the initial machining position is located below the metal sheet.
(d) Detecting the bending angle of the bent plate, and if the bending angle is deviated, adjusting the numerical value of the compensated bending angle in the next bending processing; and finishing the bending operation.
Method example three.
In order to finish the 90-degree downward bending processing of the metal plate with the variable bending radius shown in FIG. 4, a small die strip 11 is placed on one side of the lower die strip 3, and the top of the small die strip 11 and the top of the lower die strip 3 are at the same horizontal height; the method for placing the small mould strips 11 is that the small mould strips are manually arranged on the base of the device or lifted from the lower part of the metal plate 1; in the subsequent bending process, the small die strips 11 replace the lower die strips 3 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment and clamp the metal plate 1 together with the upper die strips 2; calculating the motion trail 5 of the bending die strip at the moment according to the thickness of the metal plate 1 and the numerical value of the compensation bending angle 7; compared with the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the metal plate material 1 obtains a larger bending radius due to the larger lobe radius of the small die strip 11.
For simplicity of description, the above embodiments are all single-bend processes. In fact, in actual industrial production, the metal plate often needs to be bent for multiple times to reach the expected shape and structure; in this case, the above-described embodiments need to be used in combination in one bending process of the metal plate material.
Method example four.
For some pressure-bearing structural members obtained by bending metal sheets, it is necessary to reinforce the strength and rigidity of the stress concentration region, and the simplest method is to increase the thickness of the metal sheets in the region. However, the bending machine for metal plates in the prior art can only process bending of metal plates with constant thickness, so that in order to obtain a local reinforcing effect, the whole metal plate is often required to be thickened; or the metal plate forming pieces with different thicknesses are combined together by adopting a method of forming firstly and welding secondly. The method of thickening the sheet material increases the raw material cost and the weight of the formed piece; weld-splicing adds process complexity and affects the precision of the formed part.
In the embodiment, the metal plates with various thickness distributions are bent by one-time feeding; the metal plates with various thickness distributions can be formed by welding and splicing before bending; at the moment, the plate is still in a flat state, welding and splicing are relatively easy, and welding quality is good.
In particular, the present embodiment illustrates a process for forming a box-shaped member by bending a sheet material with local reinforcement. Before bending and forming, the metal plates with different thicknesses are shown in figure 5. The box-shaped member formed by the above-described metal plate material after the bending process and the welding process is shown in fig. 6.
In fig. 5, the metal plates with different thicknesses are formed by combining a metal plate 20 with a thickness a, a reinforcing plate 22 with a thickness B and a reinforcing plate 23 with a thickness C, and the combination method among the plates is one of gluing, riveting and welding. Bending the metal plate according to a bending line 21, and forming a new motion track of the bending die strip through the step (a) in the first method embodiment when bending areas with different thicknesses. After the bending process is completed, the slits joining the surfaces of the workpieces, preferably by welding, result in the box 26 of fig. 6. The box member 26 has local stiffening properties and is structurally more stable and therefore able to carry higher compressive or torsional forces than a single thickness box member.
An apparatus embodiment.
Implementing the foregoing method embodiments requires the technical features of the following apparatus embodiments.
The device comprises a first device embodiment.
The processing device of the metal plate flexible bending method comprises three modules, namely a structure module, a forming module and an action module.
The structural module is a structural member in the device and plays a role in supporting static and moving parts.
The forming module comprises an upper die strip 2, a lower die strip 3, a small die strip 11 and a bending die strip 4. Go up mould strip 2, lower mould strip 3 and little mould strip 11 and form by the assembly of mould strip head and mould strip assembly pole, the mould strip head can be followed and disassembled on the mould strip assembly pole, realizes quick replacement to realize more bend radius changes. The upper die strip 2, the lower die strip 3, the small die strips 11 and the bending die strip 4 have the same maximum length, which determines the maximum width of the metal sheet 1.
The action module comprises a pneumatic module and a servo module; the pneumatic module is mainly used for initial positioning of the metal plate, and the servo module comprises a bending die strip drive A, a bending die strip drive B, an upper die strip drive and a lower die strip drive.
The bending die strip driving A and the bending die strip driving B are servo motor sets controlled in a linkage mode, and therefore the bending die strip 4 achieves a two-axis linkage control function. The horizontal displacement drive of the upper mould strip 2 is servo control, and the horizontal translation motion of the upper mould strip is output.
The control component is provided with a control signal by an upper industrial personal computer, and the upper industrial personal computer is an industrial PLC, an industrial PC or an industrial single chip microcomputer.
The bending die strip is made of wear-resistant metal materials, and bearing steel is preferably selected; the surface is polished to the surface roughness of less than Ra0.3, and then chromium plating treatment is carried out, wherein the thickness of a chromium plating layer is not less than 50 microns.
Embodiment two of the device.
Compared with the first device embodiment, the second device embodiment is additionally provided with a plate thickness detection device; the plate thickness detection device is a contact type displacement sensor or a non-contact type sensor, such as a laser ranging sensor. The bending machine detects the thickness of the metal plate to be bent in real time through a thickness detection device, so that a new bending die strip motion trail 5 is obtained in the bending step (a). The technical characteristics are particularly suitable for the processing situation of the plate with multiple thicknesses in the fourth method embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. A flexible bending method for a metal plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: fixing the spatial position of the metal plate (1) through a pressing mechanism; the bending die strip (4) is controlled by two-axis linkage and moves according to a specific track; the motion trail (5) of the bending die strip is planned together according to the bending angle, the material property of the plate and the thickness factor of the plate; the bending die strip (4) moves and contacts with the suspended part of the metal plate (1) during movement, so that the metal plate (1) is subjected to plastic deformation, and accurate bending forming is realized.
2. The method for flexibly bending the metal sheet according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
A) calculating a compensation bending angle (7) according to the thickness and the material characteristics of the metal plate (1); the bending angle (7) is compensated, so that the additional bending angle is considered for the springback of the bent plate; calculating the motion trail (5) of the bending die strip according to the thickness of the metal plate and the numerical value of the compensation bending angle (7); the motion trail is an envelope curve of the contact side of the contour of the formed metal plate (1) and the bending die strip (4);
B) conveying the metal plate to a processing position through a manual feeding device or an automatic feeding device; the spatial position of the metal plate is fixed through the pressing mechanism, so that the metal plate (1) does not slide in the bending process; the pressing mechanism is not contacted with the metal plate (1) of the part to be bent, and the plate to be bent is suspended on one side of the pressing mechanism;
C) feeding the bending die strip (4) to an initial processing position, and then moving according to the bending die strip motion track (5) obtained by the calculation in the step A); the motion is output by two servo motors; the two servo motors are in two-axis linkage control; after the bending action is finished, the bending die strip (4) returns to the initial processing position by the original track;
D) detecting the bending angle of the metal plate (1), and if the bending angle is deviated, adjusting and compensating the numerical value of the bending angle (7) in the next bending processing; and finishing the bending operation.
3. A method of flexibly bending a metal plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the metal plate of the bending object is formed by welding metal plates with the thickness A and the thickness B in a flat state; when the areas with different thicknesses of the metal plate are bent, the plate thickness difference factor is considered, the motion trail (5) of the bending die strip is recalculated, and the motion trail (5) of the bending die strip at the positions with different plate thicknesses is obtained.
4. The processing device for implementing the flexible bending method of the metal plate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: comprises a structure module, a forming module and an action module; structural modules are structural members that support stationary or moving parts. The forming module comprises an upper die strip (2), a lower die strip (3), a small die strip (11) and a bending die strip (4); the action module comprises a pneumatic module and a servo module; the pneumatic module comprises an upper mould strip cylinder and a small mould strip cylinder; the servo module comprises a bending die strip drive A, a bending die strip drive B and an upper die strip displacement drive; the bending die strip driving A and the bending die strip driving B are servo motor sets controlled in a linkage mode, so that the bending die strip (4) achieves a biaxial linkage control function; the displacement drive of the upper mould strip is servo control, and the horizontal movement of the upper mould strip (2) is output; the upper die strip cylinder and the small die strip cylinder are controlled by switching value, and can be replaced by a hydraulic transmission scheme on the premise of meeting the same action control.
5. The flexible bending device for sheet metal according to claim 4, wherein: a small mould strip (11) is placed on one side of the lower mould strip (3), and the top of the small mould strip (11) and the top of the lower mould strip (3) are at the same horizontal height; the method for placing the small mould strips (11) is that the small mould strips are manually arranged on the base of the device or are lifted from the lower part of the metal plate (1); in the subsequent bending process, the small die strip (11) replaces the lower die strip (3) and clamps the metal plate (1) together with the upper die strip (2); calculating the motion trail (5) of the bending die strip at the moment according to the thickness of the metal plate (1) and the numerical value of the compensation bending angle (7); the convex angle radiuses of the small die strip (11) and the lower die strip (3) are different, so that the bending radius of the metal plate (1) is changed.
6. The flexible bending device for sheet metal according to claim 5, wherein: the motion part is provided with a control signal by an upper industrial personal computer; the bending die strip (4) is made of wear-resistant metal materials; the surface of the bending die strip (4) is polished to be less than Ra0.3 in surface roughness; and carrying out chromium plating treatment after polishing, wherein the thickness of the chromium plating layer is not less than 50 microns.
7. The flexible bending device for sheet metal according to claim 6, wherein: the upper industrial personal computer is an industrial PLC, an industrial PC or an industrial single chip microcomputer.
8. The flexible bending device for sheet metal according to claim 6, wherein: the wear-resistant metal material is a bearing steel material.
9. The flexible bending apparatus for metal sheets according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the device is provided with a plate thickness detection device; the plate thickness detection device is a contact type displacement sensor or a non-contact type sensor; the bending machine detects the thickness of the metal plate to be bent in real time through the thickness detection device, so that the movement track (5) of the bending die strip in the bending step A) is updated.
10. The flexible bending device for sheet metal according to claim 9, wherein: the non-contact sensor is a laser ranging sensor.
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| CN202010416936.8A CN111515274A (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2020-05-15 | Flexible bending method and processing device for metal plate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112828083A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-25 | 江阴市博汇机械成套设备有限公司 | Metal plate arc bending device and bending process |
| CN115070424A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-09-20 | 阜阳市节能化工工程有限公司 | Accessory processing and assembling equipment of stripping tower condenser |
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| CN115070424B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-09-15 | 阜阳市节能化工工程有限公司 | Fitting machining and assembling equipment for steam stripping tower condenser |
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Application publication date: 20200811 |
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