CN114227312B

CN114227312B - Clamping device and clamping method for 3D printing wing rudder structural member

Info

Publication number: CN114227312B
Application number: CN202111580325.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林琳; 肖军; 丁国智; 陈荣; 郭思东; 尹冬冬
Original assignee: Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-22
Filing date: 2021-12-22
Publication date: 2023-04-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-22
Also published as: CN114227312A

Abstract

The invention discloses a clamping device for a 3D printing wing rudder structural member, which comprises an upper pressing plate, a lower supporting plate and a positioning pin; the shape of the upper pressing plate is the same as that of the wing rudder structure, right-angle edges on two adjacent sides are used for aligning the tool, and the bottom is processed into a profile which is conformal with the upper profile of the wing rudder; the lower support plate: the upper pressure plate is the same in size, a plurality of weight-reducing grooves are formed in the upper pressure plate, a profile which is shaped along with the lower profile of the wing rudder is processed at the upper part of the upper pressure plate, rib supporting blocks and butt joint groove supporting blocks are arranged in the middle of the upper pressure plate and correspond to the positions of ribs and butt joint grooves in the wing rudder respectively and are used for supporting the lower profile of the wing rudder, and gaps are reserved at other positions; the locating pins are arranged in corresponding locating holes formed in the upper pressing plate and the lower supporting plate, and are used for locating the upper pressing plate and the lower supporting plate. The invention has simple structure and high reliability, realizes the quick clamping and positioning of the wing rudder structural member by the profile positioning, and realizes the accurate reference establishment of the wing rudder structural member by scanning the reference block.

Description

Clamping device and clamping method for 3D printing wing rudder structural member

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and relates to a clamping device and a clamping method for a 3D printing wing rudder structural member.

Background

The airfoil type parts have wide demands in the aviation and aerospace fields, and most of the parts are thin-wall complex special-shaped surface structures. The common methods include machining and forming by utilizing the allowance of the casting surface, direct machining and forming of the plate, and the like, and the methods have longer machining period due to larger molded surface allowance. The intelligent achievement provides a new process method, the part blank is formed by 3D printing, the molded surface does not leave a machining allowance, and only the machining allowance is left on the assembly characteristic, so that the cutting time can be effectively reduced. But 3D printing also has its own processing features: (1) The clamping difficulty of the special-shaped structural part is caused by the fact that the process clamping head cannot be cast; (2) The profile precision and the theoretical model have a small amount of deviation, so that the deviation is brought by using the profile clamping and positioning; (3) The precision of the outline has precision deviation, for example, the defect phenomenon is easy to occur in the area with the wall thickness smaller than 1, and the large-size part is deformed, so that the precision of the outline alignment is influenced; (4) If the jack is used for clamping the special-shaped thin-wall part, the clamping and aligning operation workload is high, deformation phenomenon is easy to occur due to improper clamping force, and the requirement of higher profile precision of the wing rudder structural part cannot be met. Therefore, a clamping and aligning method applied to 3D printing wing rudder structural members needs to be designed, the aligning precision is improved, the clamping difficulty is reduced, and the quality requirement of products is met.

Disclosure of Invention

Object of the invention

The purpose of the invention is that: the clamping device and the clamping method for the 3D printing wing rudder structural member are provided, and the higher alignment precision requirement and the higher quality requirement of the part are met.

(II) technical scheme

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a clamping device for a 3D printing wing rudder structural member, which comprises an upper pressing plate 1, a lower supporting plate 2 and a positioning pin 3; the shape of the upper pressing plate 1 is the same as that of the wing rudder structure, right-angle edges on two adjacent sides are used for aligning the tool, and the bottom is processed into a profile which is conformal with the upper profile of the wing rudder; lower support plate 2: the upper pressure plate 1 is the same in size, a plurality of weight-reducing grooves are formed in the upper pressure plate, a profile which is shaped along with the lower profile of the wing rudder is processed at the upper part of the upper pressure plate, rib supporting blocks and butt joint groove supporting blocks are arranged in the middle of the upper pressure plate, correspond to the positions of ribs and butt joint grooves in the wing rudder respectively and are used for supporting the lower profile of the wing rudder, and gaps are reserved at other positions; the locating pins 3 are arranged in corresponding locating holes formed in the upper pressing plate 1 and the lower supporting plate 2, and are used for locating the upper pressing plate 1 and the lower supporting plate 2.

The invention also provides a clamping method of the 3D printing wing rudder structural member, which comprises the following steps:

step one: the lower support plate 2 is placed on a machine tool workbench and fixed, and the fixing can be positioned by adopting a positioning key and a T-shaped groove of the workbench;

step two: placing the wing rudder part 8 on the molded surface of the lower supporting plate 2, detecting the attaching gap of the molded surface, and moving the wing rudder part 8 to attach the wing rudder part 8 to the molded surface of the tool;

step three: the upper pressing plate 1 is placed on a wing rudder part 8, and the positioning of the upper pressing plate 1 and the lower supporting plate 2 is realized by using 2 positioning pins 3;

step four: and (3) aligning the chord plane line of the wing rudder part 8, and fixing the tool and the part on a machine tool workbench together by using the pressing block 5, the bolt 6 and the jack 7.

(III) beneficial effects

The clamping device and the clamping method for the 3D printing wing rudder structural member provided by the technical scheme have the advantages of simple structure and high reliability, realize the quick clamping and positioning of the wing rudder structural member by profile positioning, and realize the accurate reference establishment of the wing rudder structural member by scanning the reference block. The method has higher precision, can realize the requirement of the profile precision of the wing rudder structural member, has smaller processing allowance compared with the traditional processing method of casting blanks or plate blanks, and greatly reduces the production period. The design is a simple, efficient, economical and practical design aiming at the rapid clamping and reference establishment of the special-shaped parts.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a 3D printed rudder structural member clamping device;

fig. 1 includes: 1 an upper pressing plate 2 a lower supporting plate, 3 a locating pin, 4 a backing plate, 5 a pressing block, 6 bolts, 7 jacks and 8 workpieces.

Fig. 2 is a diagram of an upper platen.

Fig. 3 is a diagram of the lower support plate.

Fig. 4 is a 3D printed rudder like structure reference block and scan data.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the clamping device for the 3D printing wing rudder structural member of the embodiment comprises an upper pressing plate 1, a lower supporting plate 2, a positioning pin 3, a backing plate 4, a pressing block 5, a bolt 6 and a jack 7.

Upper platen 1: the appearance is the same with wing rudder structure, and the right-angle side of adjacent both sides can be used to the alignment frock, and the profile of profile follow-up shape on the wing rudder is processed into to the bottom.

Lower support plate 2: the upper pressure plate 1 is the same in size, a plurality of weight reducing grooves are formed in the upper pressure plate, the upper portion of the upper pressure plate is provided with a profile which is shaped along with the lower profile of the wing rudder, a rib supporting block and a butt joint groove supporting block are arranged in the middle of the upper pressure plate and correspond to the inner rib of the wing rudder and the butt joint groove respectively in position and are used for supporting the lower profile of the wing rudder, and gaps are reserved in other positions.

Positioning pin 3: is arranged in corresponding positioning holes formed on the upper pressing plate 1 and the lower supporting plate 2, and adopts small clearance (clearance 0.01) to realize rapid positioning in a matching way, thereby avoiding relative movement. The positioning pins 3 are arranged at intervals. The upper pressing plate 1 and the lower supporting plate 2 are provided with positioning holes on positioning surfaces which are planes and are respectively positioned in the strip-shaped areas on the same side of the upper pressing plate 1 and the lower supporting plate 2.

Backing plate 4: soft materials such as asbestos rubber plates and the like can be adopted and stuck on the bottom molded surface of the upper pressing plate 1 for adapting to small deviations of the molded surface of the part.

The pressing blocks 5, the bolts 6 and the jacks 7 form clamping assemblies, the clamping assemblies are in multiple groups and are arranged on the machine tool and the upper pressing plate 1 at intervals, and clamping of parts and the machine tool is achieved. The jack 7 is arranged on the machine tool, one end of the pressing block 5 is pressed on the upper pressing plate 1, and the other end of the pressing block is connected with the jack 7 through the bolt 6.

According to the clamping device, the quick positioning of the profile allowance-free special-shaped wing rudder structural member is realized through profile positioning; the device support positions are selected in the mounting groove area and the rib area to provide enough support, so that the integral standard is not changed due to local deviation; the backing plate adopts a rubber plate, and the soft material can adapt to a small amount of deformation of parts and can provide enough friction force.

Based on the clamping device, the invention also provides a clamping method of the 3D printing wing rudder structural member, which mainly comprises the blank allowance requirement, the scribing requirement, the operation flow and the alignment process of the 3D printing wing rudder structural member.

Blank allowance requirement of 3D printing wing rudder structural member: the molded surface is not left with the allowance, the assembly characteristic is only left with the allowance, and meanwhile, a reference block is arranged on the butt joint surface with thicker thickness, and the reference block and the 3D printing wing rudder structural member are formed together.

Scribing requires: before machining by a machine tool, a chord plane line of the wing rudder structural member is drawn by a fitter.

The clamping method of the 3D printing wing rudder structural member comprises the following steps:

step two: and placing the wing rudder part 8 on the molded surface of the lower supporting plate 2, detecting the molded surface attaching gap, and moving the wing rudder part 8 to realize the attachment of the wing rudder part 8 to the tool molded surface.

Step three: the upper pressing plate 1 is placed on the wing rudder part 8, and the positioning of the upper pressing plate 1 and the lower supporting plate 2 is realized by using 2 positioning pins 3.

In the second step, the wing rudder part 8 is placed on the molded surface of the lower supporting plate 2, and alignment is required, and the alignment process is as follows:

step S1: a rectangular reference block is arranged in the area of a butt joint surface, which is in contact with the cabin section, of the wing rudder part 8, the length is greater than 20mm, the width is 10mm, the height is 10mm higher than the molded surface, the reference blocks at 2 positions are arranged at two ends of the butt joint surface, and the reference blocks and the 3D printing wing rudder structural member are printed and molded at the same time, as shown in fig. 4.

Step S2: after the 3D printing wing rudder structural member is printed, the 3D printing wing rudder structural member is scanned by laser together with the reference block, the 3D printing wing rudder structural member is compared with a theoretical blank model, after the profile fitting meets the processing precision requirement, the actual residual value of the reference block is marked, the marking position is selected from the 3D printing forming surface, and the surface attached to the substrate cannot be selected.

Step S3: after the machine tool is clamped, the surface of the reference block is straightened, the reference block is measured through a dial indicator, and the B axis of the machine tool is adjusted according to laser scanning data, so that the height difference of the surface of the reference block is identical to the laser scanning data. The actual residual value of the reference block is subtracted from the theoretical value from the reference block to the wing tip, and the actual value from the wing tip to the reference block is obtained by using the reference established by the reference block, so that the reference of the part in the width direction is obtained. The method can effectively avoid alignment errors caused by deviation of the outline of the part.

Step S4: and determining the actual removal amount of the part according to the allowance of the laser scanning on the end face in the length direction, thereby determining the reference of the part in the length direction.

And after the clamping of the airfoil surface special-shaped parts is completed, the machining can be started.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The clamping device for the 3D printing wing rudder structural member is characterized by comprising an upper pressing plate (1), a lower supporting plate (2) and a positioning pin (3); the appearance of the upper pressing plate (1) is the same as that of the wing rudder structure, right-angle edges on two adjacent sides are used for aligning the tool, and the bottom is processed into a profile which is conformal with the upper profile of the wing rudder; the lower supporting plate (2) and the upper pressing plate (1) are the same in size, a plurality of weight-reducing grooves are formed in the lower supporting plate, a profile which is shaped along with the lower profile of the wing rudder is processed at the upper part of the lower supporting plate, a rib supporting block and a butt joint groove supporting block are arranged in the middle of the lower supporting plate and correspond to the positions of ribs and the butt joint grooves in the wing rudder respectively and are used for supporting the lower profile of the wing rudder, and gaps are reserved at other positions of the lower supporting plate and the upper supporting plate; the positioning pins (3) are arranged in corresponding positioning holes formed in the upper pressing plate (1) and the lower supporting plate (2) to position the upper pressing plate (1) and the lower supporting plate (2);

the positioning pin (3) is matched with the upper pressing plate (1) and the lower supporting plate (2) by adopting a small clearance with a clearance of 0.01 mm;

the number of the positioning pins (3) is two, and the positioning pins are arranged at intervals;

the upper pressing plate (1) and the lower supporting plate (2) are provided with positioning holes on positioning surfaces which are planes and are respectively positioned in strip-shaped areas on the same side of the upper pressing plate (1) and the lower supporting plate (2);

the clamping device also comprises: the backing plate (4) is made of asbestos rubber sheet soft materials, is stuck to the bottom molded surface of the upper pressing plate (1) and is used for adapting to a small amount of deviation of the molded surface of the part;

the clamping device also comprises: the clamping assemblies are arranged on the machine tool and the upper pressing plate (1) at intervals, so that the clamping of parts and the machine tool is realized;

the clamping assembly comprises a pressing block (5), bolts (6) and a jack (7), wherein the jack (7) is arranged on the machine tool, one end of the pressing block (5) is pressed on the upper pressing plate (1), and the other end of the pressing block is connected with the jack (7) through the bolts (6).

2. A clamping method for a 3D printing wing rudder structural member is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one: the lower supporting plate (2) is placed on a machine tool workbench and fixed, and the fixing can be positioned by adopting a positioning key and a T-shaped groove of the workbench;

step two: placing the wing rudder part (8) on the molded surface of the lower supporting plate (2), detecting the bonding gap of the molded surface, and moving the wing rudder part (8) to realize bonding of the wing rudder part (8) to the molded surface of the tool;

step three: the upper pressing plate (1) is placed on a wing rudder part (8), and the positioning of the upper pressing plate (1) and the lower supporting plate (2) is realized by using 2 positioning pins (3);

step four: aligning a chord plane line of a wing rudder part (8), and fixing the tool and the part on a machine tool workbench by using a pressing block (5), a bolt (6) and a jack (7);

in the second step, when the wing rudder part (8) is placed on the molded surface of the lower supporting plate (2), alignment is carried out, and the alignment process is as follows:

step S1: a rectangular reference block is arranged in a butt joint surface area of the wing rudder part (8) contacted with the cabin section, the length is more than 20mm, the width is 10mm, the height is 10mm higher than the molded surface, the reference blocks at 2 positions are arranged at two ends of the butt joint surface, and the reference blocks and the 3D printing wing rudder structural member are printed and molded simultaneously;

step S2: after the 3D printing wing rudder structural member is printed, the 3D printing wing rudder structural member and the reference block are scanned together by laser, the 3D printing wing rudder structural member is compared with a theoretical blank model, after the profile fitting meets the processing precision requirement, the actual residual value of the reference block is marked, the marked position is selected from the 3D printing forming surface, and the surface which is attached to the substrate cannot be selected;

step S3: after clamping on a machine tool, straightening the surface of a reference block, measuring the reference block through a dial indicator, and adjusting the B axis of the machine tool according to laser scanning data to enable the height difference of the surface of the reference block to be identical with the laser scanning data; subtracting the actual residual value of the reference block from the theoretical value from the reference block to the wing tip, and obtaining the actual value from the wing tip to the reference block by using the reference established by the reference block to obtain the reference of the part in the width direction;

step S4: and determining the actual removal amount of the part according to the allowance of the laser scanning on the end face in the length direction, and determining the reference of the part in the length direction.

3. An application of the 3D printing wing rudder structural member clamping device based on the 3D printing technology field.