CN111515225A - Method for treating waste incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Method for treating waste incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN111515225A CN111515225A CN202010352226.3A CN202010352226A CN111515225A CN 111515225 A CN111515225 A CN 111515225A CN 202010352226 A CN202010352226 A CN 202010352226A CN 111515225 A CN111515225 A CN 111515225A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- chelating agent
- heavy metal
- desalted
- mixing
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241001494115 Stomoxys calcitrans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005843 Thiram Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052585 phosphate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CKMXBZGNNVIXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CKMXBZGNNVIXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052567 struvite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 13
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 5
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000171 higher toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099402 potassium metaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/08—Toxic combustion residues, e.g. toxic substances contained in fly ash from waste incineration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps: (1) washing the fly ash by using a washing liquid, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a washing residual liquid and desalted fly ash; (2) mixing a chelating agent, a stabilizer and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stabilized fly ash; (3) and (3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), curing and packaging, bagging and sealing to finish the fly ash treatment. Firstly, desalting the fly ash to reduce the fly ash; and the removal of the dissolved salt is beneficial to the stability after solidification and wrapping, and the risk of re-precipitation of heavy metal ions caused by long-time landfill of the fly ash is reduced, so that the fly ash is effectively treated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, relates to a treatment method of waste incineration fly ash, and particularly relates to a treatment method of solidification and stabilization of waste incineration fly ash.
Background
The waste incineration fly ash is fine particulate matter captured in the pollution control process of household waste incineration smoke. The main component of which comprises SiO2、NaCl、KCl、CaAl2Si2O8、CaCO3And CaSO4Etc., the soluble salt content is higher. Although the content of toxic metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg and Cr is only 1-5%, the leaching concentration is high, so that the fly ash belongs to dangerous waste. National laws stipulate that fly ash can enter a landfill site for safe landfill or further utilization after certain treatment is carried out to reduce the risk of the fly ash.
At present, the stabilization method of heavy metals in fly ash comprises high-temperature melting, cement solidification, medicament stabilization and the like. The high-temperature melting method can form fly ash into glass solid at high temperature, and stabilize heavy metal by virtue of the crystalline structure of the glass body. For example, CN206911916U discloses a novel waste incineration fly ash arc melting system, which includes a fly ash pretreatment system, an arc melting system and a flue gas purification system, and the novel waste incineration fly ash arc melting system converts fly ash into vitreous body by melting through the arrangement of the arc melting system, so as to solidify most heavy metals in the vitreous body, and recover volatilized and entrained secondary fly ash and a small amount of heavy metals, salts and acidic substances contained in the secondary fly ash. However, the high-temperature melting method is expensive and difficult to stably and safely operate.
The cement solidification is to utilize cement to realize solidification and wrapping on fly ash so as to reduce the dissolution of heavy metals. For example, CN104147746A discloses a fly ash solidification treatment method, which comprises: the fly ash is conveyed from the fly ash storage tank to the metering device for metering and conveying, the cement is conveyed from the cement storage tank to the metering device for metering and conveying, then the fly ash and the cement conveyed from the metering device are conveyed to the mixing roll for mixing and stirring, and the stirred finished product is conveyed to a landfill site for landfill treatment after maintenance. Although cement solidification has the advantages of mature process and simple operation, the treated fly ash has large capacity increase, the strength of the fly ash finished product is reduced by dissolved salts contained in the fly ash, the fly ash gradually cracks in a landfill environment, and the heavy metal is high in risk of re-dissolution.
The medicament stabilizing method is a process of converting toxic and harmful substances into low migration and low toxicity by using chemical medicaments through chemical reaction, and has the advantages of no compatibilization and good stability. For example, CN 105964652a discloses a solidification stabilization treatment method for waste incineration fly ash, which comprises: carrying out chelation and solidification treatment on the incineration fly ash by adopting a disulfide carbamate chelating agent; and (3) dry-mixing the cement and the fly ash subjected to chelating and curing treatment to obtain a fly ash mixture. CN109092850A discloses a method for solidifying garbage fly ash using chelating agent, said method comprising the steps of: preparing a FACCAR stock solution; preparing a chelating agent from a FACCAR stock solution and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 9; then mixing the chelating agent, the fly ash and the cement to obtain a stabilized product; and curing the heavy metal in the fly ash after curing.
Considering that the high-temperature melting method has high cost and the cement solidified body is easy to crack, the medicament direct stabilization method which has simple process and does not increase the volume is popularized in China. However, the direct agent stabilization method has certain defects, such as that the high content of soluble salt reduces the capture efficiency of the chelating agent on heavy metals with lower content but higher toxicity in the fly ash; the loss of soluble salt in the buried chelating fly ash can damage the stability of the chelating fly ash solid, and the treatment difficulty of high-salt landfill leachate is high.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a method for treating fly ash, which can make full use of chelating agent to solidify heavy metals and eliminate the influence of dissolved salts on the solid stability after solidification, so that the treated fly ash has long-term environmental stability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for treating fly ash generated by burning garbage, which can eliminate the influence of dissolved salt in the fly ash, the water content of the solidified fly ash is less than or equal to 30%, and heavy metals and chlorides in the treated fly ash are not easy to separate out, so that the fly ash can meet the standard of landfill yard entrance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for treating waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the fly ash by using a washing liquid, and performing solid-liquid separation after standing to obtain a washing residual liquid and desalted fly ash;
(2) mixing a chelating agent, a stabilizer and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stabilized fly ash;
(3) and (3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), and curing and wrapping to finish the curing treatment of the fly ash.
The invention firstly uses the cleaning fluid to clean the fly ash, thereby achieving the purpose of removing the dissolved salt in the fly ash, overcoming the influence of the dissolved salt on the subsequent chelation and improving the stability of the fly ash after the solidification and the wrapping. When the desalted fly ash is mixed with a chelating agent and a stabilizer for heavy metal stabilization treatment, the addition amount of the chelating agent and the stabilizer is small; after the solid is mixed with cement for solidification and wrapping, the solid can stably exist for a long time, and the risk of solid cracking caused by precipitation of dissolved salt does not exist; the treatment method provided by the invention realizes safe, economic and effective treatment of the fly ash.
Preferably, the cleaning in step (1) is: mixing the fly ash and the cleaning fluid under stirring conditions, thereby completing the cleaning of the fly ash;
preferably, the cleaning solution is water, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fly ash in step (1) to the cleaning solution is 1 (1-5), and may be, for example, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 or 1:5, but is not limited to the enumerated values, and other unrecited values in the range of values are also applicable, and the unit of the solid-to-liquid ratio is g/L.
Preferably, the stirring time is 10-60min, for example 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min or 60min, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the standing time in step (1) is 30-60min, such as 30min, 35min, 40min, 45min, 50min, 55min or 60min, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the treatment method further comprises the step of removing heavy metals from the washing residual liquid obtained after the solid-liquid separation in the step (1): mixing the chelating agent with the cleaning residual liquid under stirring, and fully reacting to precipitate heavy metal.
The 'cleaning residual liquid' comprises liquid obtained by cleaning single-batch fly ash by using cleaning liquid and then carrying out solid-liquid separation; or cleaning multiple batches of fly ash, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain liquid. The content of heavy metal ions in the cleaning residual liquid after the single-batch fly ash cleaning is low; the content of heavy metal ions in the cleaning residual liquid after the fly ash of a plurality of batches is cleaned is higher; the amount of chelating agent can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the content of heavy metal in the wash residue, and the present invention is not limited to the amount of chelating agent.
The heavy metal is removed from the cleaning residual liquid, so that the cleaning residual liquid can be circularly used for cleaning and desalting the fly ash, thereby reducing the discharge amount of the waste water in the treatment method and being beneficial to reducing the harm of the fly ash treatment on the environment.
Preferably, the chelating agent is an organosulfur chelating agent.
The chelating agent comprises the chelating agent in the step (1) and the chelating agent in the step (2).
Preferably, the chelating agent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sodium thiram, potassium thiram or modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent; typical but non-limiting combinations include sodium thiram in combination with potassium thiram, potassium thiram in combination with a modified water-soluble polymeric chelating agent, sodium thiram in combination with a modified water-soluble polymeric chelating agent or sodium thiram, potassium thiram in combination with a modified water-soluble polymeric chelating agent.
Preferably, the modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a polyethyleneimine-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent, a lignin-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent and a starch-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent. Typical but non-limiting combinations include a combination of a polyethyleneimine-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent and a lignin-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent, a combination of a lignin-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent and a starch-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent, a combination of a polyethyleneimine-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent and a starch-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent, or a combination of a polyethyleneimine-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent, a lignin-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent and a starch-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent.
The invention does not limit the number average molecular weight of the polyethyleneimine modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent, the lignin modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent and the starch modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent too much, and the modified water-soluble polymer chelating agents with different number average molecular weights can achieve the effects of heavy metal removal and stabilization.
The lignin modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent disclosed by the invention comprises but is not limited to a water-soluble lignin chelating agent disclosed in CN 110218337A; the polyethyleneimine modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent comprises but is not limited to a heavy metal ion chelating agent disclosed in CN 108912328A; the starch modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent is a conventional starch modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent in the field, and the invention is not particularly limited.
Preferably, the chelating agent is added in step (2) in an amount of 0.5-3% by mass of the desalinated fly ash, for example, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% or 3.0%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the stabilizing agent of step (2) comprises any one of orthophosphate, metaphosphate or phosphate minerals or a combination of at least two thereof; typical but non-limiting combinations include combinations of orthophosphates and metaphosphates, combinations of metaphosphates and phosphate minerals, combinations of orthophosphates and phosphate minerals or combinations of orthophosphates, metaphosphates and phosphate minerals.
The orthophosphate salt includes any one or a combination of at least two of trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and typical but non-limiting combinations include a combination of trisodium phosphate and tripotassium phosphate, a combination of tripotassium phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, a combination of disodium hydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, a combination of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, a combination of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a combination of trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, a combination of disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, a combination of disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or a combination of trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The metaphosphate comprises sodium metaphosphate and/or potassium metaphosphate.
Preferably, the phosphate mineral comprises hydroxyapatite and/or struvite.
Preferably, the stabilizer is added in an amount of 0.5-1% by mass of the desalinated fly ash, for example, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are equally applicable.
Preferably, the cement of step (3) comprises portland cement and/or sulphoaluminate cement.
Preferably, the cement of step (3) is added in an amount of 5-10% by mass of the heavy metal stabilized fly ash, for example 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
The invention carries out solidification and wrapping on the fly ash through the cement, thereby not only increasing the stability of the fly ash solid, but also reducing the water content in the treated fly ash to be below 30 percent.
Preferably, the treatment method further comprises the step of encapsulating the fly ash solidified and wrapped in the step (3).
The encapsulation is to encapsulate the solidified and wrapped fly ash by using the sealing bags, preferably at least three layers of sealing bags, the sealing bags can effectively prevent the risk of chloride dissolving out to block the pipeline of the refuse landfill, and can reduce the influence of environmental factors such as illumination and air on the stability of the chelate.
As a preferable technical solution of the treatment method of the present invention, the treatment method comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing the fly ash and cleaning liquid according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1 (1-10), stirring for 10-60min at a stirring speed of 500r/min and standing for 30-60min, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted fly ash, wherein the unit of the solid-liquid ratio is g/L;
(2) mixing an organic sulfur chelating agent, a stabilizer and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stable fly ash; the stabilizer comprises any one or the combination of at least two of orthophosphate, metaphosphate or phosphate minerals, and the addition amount of the stabilizer is 0.5-1% of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the addition amount of the organic sulfur chelating agent is 2-5% of the mass of the desalted fly ash;
(3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), curing and wrapping, extruding and forming, and then packaging by using a sealing bag to finish the treatment of the fly ash; the addition amount of the cement is 5-10% of the mass of the heavy metal stable fly ash.
The recitation of numerical ranges herein includes not only the above-recited numerical values, but also any numerical values between non-recited numerical ranges, and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise numerical values encompassed within the range for brevity and clarity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the fly ash is subjected to desalination treatment, so that the fly ash is subjected to reduction treatment; the removal of the dissolved salt is beneficial to the stability after solidification and wrapping, and the risk of heavy metal ion separation caused by long-time landfill of the fly ash is reduced, so that the fly ash is effectively treated;
(2) the treatment method is simple to operate, has less wastewater discharge, can realize the recovery of dissolved salt in the fly ash, and is beneficial to improving the economic benefit of enterprises;
(3) the fly ash treated by the treatment method has low water content, chloride can be prevented from dissolving out to block pipelines of a landfill site and influence of environmental factors on stability of chelates can be reduced by packaging the fly ash by the sealing bag, and heavy metal ions are not easy to separate out after landfill.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for treating waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fly ash and water according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirring for 30min under the condition of 300r/min, standing for 45min, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted fly ash, wherein the unit of the solid-liquid ratio is g/L;
(2) mixing sodium ferometalate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stabilized fly ash; the addition amount of the sodium fermet is 1% of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the addition amount of the dipotassium phosphate is 0.8 percent of the mass of the desalted fly ash;
(3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), curing and wrapping, extruding and forming, and then packaging by using a sealing bag to finish the treatment of the fly ash; the addition amount of the cement is 8 percent of the mass of the heavy metal stable fly ash.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for treating waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fly ash and water according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:3, stirring for 45min under the condition of 250r/min, standing for 54min, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted fly ash, wherein the unit of the solid-liquid ratio is g/L;
(2) mixing potassium fomesate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stabilized fly ash; the addition amount of the potassium fomesate is 2 percent of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the addition amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.5 percent of the mass of the desalted fly ash;
(3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), curing and wrapping, extruding and forming, and then packaging by using a sealing bag to finish the treatment of the fly ash; the addition amount of the cement is 6 percent of the mass of the heavy metal stable fly ash.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for treating waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fly ash and water according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:4, stirring for 18min under the condition of 400r/min, standing for 36min, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted fly ash, wherein the unit of the solid-liquid ratio is g/L;
(2) mixing a polyethyleneimine modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stabilized fly ash; the addition amount of the polyethyleneimine modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent is 2% of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the addition amount of the sodium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.5 percent of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the polyethyleneimine modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent is a solid heavy metal ion chelating agent disclosed in embodiment 1 of CN 108912328A;
(3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), curing and wrapping, extruding and forming, and then packaging by using a sealing bag to finish the treatment of the fly ash; the addition amount of the cement is 9 percent of the mass of the heavy metal stable fly ash.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for treating waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fly ash and water according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirring for 60min under the condition of 200r/min, standing for 60min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted fly ash, wherein the unit of the solid-liquid ratio is g/L;
(2) mixing a lignin modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stable fly ash; the addition amount of the lignin modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent is 2% of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the addition amount of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.7 percent of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the lignin modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent is the water-soluble lignin chelating agent disclosed in CN 110218337A in example 1;
(3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), curing and wrapping, extruding and forming, and then packaging by using a sealing bag to finish the treatment of the fly ash; the addition amount of the cement is 7 percent of the mass of the heavy metal stable fly ash.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for treating waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing fly ash and water according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, stirring for 10min under the condition of 500r/min, standing for 30min, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted fly ash, wherein the unit of the solid-liquid ratio is g/L;
(2) mixing sodium thiram, potassium thiram, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stable fly ash; the total adding amount of the sodium thiram and the potassium thiram is 2 percent of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the addition amount of the sodium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.6 percent of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the mass ratio of the sodium thiram to the potassium thiram is 1: 1;
(3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), curing and wrapping, extruding and forming, and then packaging by using a sealing bag to finish the treatment of the fly ash; the addition amount of the cement is 8 percent of the mass of the heavy metal stable fly ash.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a treatment of fly ash raw ash (not washed with water). The method does not wash the fly ash with water, and directly mixes the fly ash with the chelating agent and the phosphate, and the operation conditions are the same as the example 1.
The heavy metal stabilized fly ash before the sealing of the bags in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 and the raw fly ash which has not undergone any treatment were subjected to leaching treatment according to the leaching procedure specified in HJ/T300-2007 to obtain a leachate. The concentrations of heavy metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, and lead in the leachate were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) according to the method defined in HJ 776-2015. The results obtained are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Cu(mg/L) | Zn(mg/L) | Cd(mg/L) | Ni(mg/L) | Pb(mg/L) | |
| Standard limit value | 40 | 100 | 0.15 | 0.5 | 0.25 |
| Fly ash raw ash | 0.7 | 62.14 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 5.14 |
| Example 1 | ND | 4.48 | ND | ND | 0.03 |
| Example 2 | ND | 4.26 | ND | ND | ND |
| Example 3 | ND | 6.43 | ND | ND | ND |
| Example 4 | ND | 4.49 | ND | ND | ND |
| Example 5 | ND | 5.37 | ND | ND | ND |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.2 | 5.37 | 0.01 | ND | 1.50 |
And ND is lower than the detection limit of the instrument, and the ions are not detected in the leaching solution. The standard limit value is the concentration specified in the pollution control Standard of the municipal solid waste landfill (GB 16889-2008).
From examples 1 to 5, it can be seen that the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb ions in the solidified fly ash leachate can meet the landfill standard specified in GB 16889-2008 after the treatment method of the waste incineration fly ash disclosed in the present application.
As can be seen from comparative example 1, when the fly ash is not desalted, the concentration of Pb ions in the leachate is reduced from 5.14mg/L to 1.50mg/L, which is still higher than the landfill standard (0.25mg/L) specified in GB 16889-.
In conclusion, the fly ash is subjected to desalination treatment, so that the fly ash can be reduced, the removal of dissolved salt is favorable for the stability after solidification and wrapping, and the risk of heavy metal ion separation caused by long-time landfill of the fly ash is reduced, so that the fly ash is effectively treated. The treatment method is simple to operate, has less wastewater discharge, can realize the recovery of dissolved salt in the fly ash, and is beneficial to improving the economic benefit of enterprises; the fly ash treated by the treatment method has low water content, heavy metal ions are not easy to separate out after landfill, and the encapsulation of the sealing bag can prevent chloride and sulfate from dissolving out to block pipelines of a landfill site and reduce the influence of environmental factors on the stability of the chelate, and can prevent direct irradiation of light and reduce the influence of air contact on the stability of the chelate.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A treatment method of waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) washing the fly ash by using a washing liquid, and performing solid-liquid separation after standing to obtain a washing residual liquid and desalted fly ash;
(2) mixing a chelating agent, a stabilizer and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stabilized fly ash;
(3) and (3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), and curing and wrapping to finish the curing treatment of the fly ash.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the cleaning of step (1) is: mixing the fly ash and the cleaning fluid under stirring conditions, thereby completing the cleaning of the fly ash;
preferably, the cleaning liquid is water;
preferably, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the fly ash to the cleaning solution in the step (1) is 1 (1-10), and the unit of the solid-to-liquid ratio is g/mL;
preferably, the stirring speed is 200-500r/min, and the stirring time is 5-30 min;
preferably, the standing time of the step (1) is 30-60 min.
3. The treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a step of removing heavy metals from the washing residue obtained after the solid-liquid separation in step (1): mixing the chelating agent with the cleaning residual liquid under stirring, and fully reacting to precipitate heavy metal.
4. The treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the chelating agent is an organic sulfur chelating agent.
5. The treatment method according to claim 4, wherein the organic sulfur chelating agent comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of sodium thiram, potassium thiram or a modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent;
preferably, the modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a polyethyleneimine-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent, a lignin-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent and a starch-modified water-soluble polymer chelating agent.
6. The process according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the chelating agent in step (2) is added in an amount of 2-5% by mass of the desalinated fly ash.
7. The treatment method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the stabilizing agent of step (2) comprises any one of orthophosphate, metaphosphate or phosphate minerals or a combination of at least two thereof;
preferably, the phosphate mineral comprises hydroxyapatite and/or struvite;
preferably, the addition amount of the stabilizer in the step (2) is 1-2% of the quality of the desalted fly ash.
8. The process of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cement of step (3) comprises portland cement and/or sulphoaluminate cement;
preferably, the addition amount of the cement in the step (3) is 5-10% of the mass of the heavy metal stable fly ash.
9. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising the step of encapsulating the fly ash solidified and encapsulated in step (3).
10. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the fly ash and cleaning liquid according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1 (1-10), stirring for 10-60min at a stirring speed of 500r/min and standing for 30-60min, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain desalted fly ash, wherein the unit of the solid-liquid ratio is g/L;
(2) mixing an organic sulfur chelating agent, a stabilizer and the desalted fly ash obtained in the step (1), and carrying out heavy metal stabilization treatment to obtain heavy metal stable fly ash; the stabilizer comprises any one or the combination of at least two of orthophosphate, metaphosphate or phosphate minerals, and the addition amount of the stabilizer is 0.5-1% of the mass of the desalted fly ash; the addition amount of the organic sulfur chelating agent is 2-5% of the mass of the desalted fly ash;
(3) mixing cement with the heavy metal stable fly ash obtained in the step (2), curing and wrapping, extruding and forming, and then packaging by using a sealing bag to finish the treatment of the fly ash; the addition amount of the cement is 5-10% of the mass of the heavy metal stable fly ash.
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Application publication date: 20200811 |