CN109967513B - A leaching method for repairing cationic and anionic composite heavy metal polluted soil - Google Patents
A leaching method for repairing cationic and anionic composite heavy metal polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 21
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 22
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 sulfur ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Arsenate3- Chemical compound [O-][As]([O-])([O-])=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].OOO Chemical compound [Fe].OOO CUPCBVUMRUSXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940000489 arsenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021519 iron(III) oxide-hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于土壤污染修复领域，具体涉及阳离子型和阴离子型复合重金属污染土壤的淋洗方法。The invention belongs to the field of soil pollution remediation, and particularly relates to a leaching method for cationic and anionic composite heavy metal polluted soil.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国人口的增长和经济社会的快速发展，固体废弃物的排放、农用化学品的过量使用、矿山开采和污水灌溉等导致土壤重金属污染日益严重，对人体健康和生态环境构成严重威胁，亟需进行有效地修复。大多数重金属污染土壤具有复合污染特征，包含阳离子型重金属(如镉、铅和铜等主要以阳离子形式存在于土壤介质中)和阴离子型重金属(如铬和砷主要以含氧阴离子形式存在于土壤介质中)。With the growth of population and the rapid development of economy and society in China, the discharge of solid waste, the excessive use of agricultural chemicals, mining and sewage irrigation have led to increasingly serious soil heavy metal pollution, posing a serious threat to human health and the ecological environment. need to be effectively repaired. Most heavy metal-contaminated soils have complex pollution characteristics, including cationic heavy metals (such as cadmium, lead, and copper, which mainly exist in the soil medium in the form of cations) and anionic heavy metals (such as chromium and arsenic, which mainly exist in the soil in the form of oxyanions) medium).
目前常用的复合重金属污染土壤的主要修复技术包括植物修复、化学稳定化/固定化和化学淋洗。化学淋洗修复技术是利用淋洗剂与重金属间的相互作用将重金属从土壤介质转移到水相介质中，然后通过固液分离彻底去除土壤中的重金属。与化学稳定化/固定化修复技术相比，化学淋洗能有效避免重金属重新浸出的风险。与植物修复相比，化学淋洗可快速修复不同浓度重金属污染的土壤，受环境因素的影响较小。At present, the main remediation technologies for composite heavy metal-contaminated soils include phytoremediation, chemical stabilization/immobilization, and chemical leaching. The chemical leaching remediation technology uses the interaction between the leaching agent and the heavy metals to transfer the heavy metals from the soil medium to the aqueous medium, and then completely removes the heavy metals in the soil through solid-liquid separation. Compared with chemical stabilization/immobilization remediation techniques, chemical leaching can effectively avoid the risk of heavy metal re-leaching. Compared with phytoremediation, chemical leaching can quickly remediate soil contaminated with different concentrations of heavy metals and is less affected by environmental factors.
土壤化学淋洗主要包括淋洗剂的选择和淋洗液的后处理两部分。其中淋洗剂的选择是土壤化学淋洗的核心，直接影响土壤中重金属的去除效率。目前土壤化学淋洗主要针对单一类型的重金属，如常用的重金属淋洗剂EDTA仅能有效解吸土壤中阳离子型重金属，而重金属淋洗剂磷酸盐仅能有效解吸阴离子重金属砷。因此，需要寻找能同时解吸污染土壤中阳离子型和阴离子型重金属的淋洗剂。此外，淋洗液的后处理也是土壤化学淋洗的重要环节。目前淋洗液的后处理主要采用沉淀法。沉淀法通常使用碱石灰将淋洗液的pH调为碱性，从而将淋洗液中的阳离子型重金属转化为氢氧化物沉淀而被去除，但是碱性条件反而促进阴离子型重金属砷的溶解。所以需要探索能同时去除淋洗液中阳离子型和阴离子型重金属的处理方法。Soil chemical leaching mainly includes two parts: the selection of the leaching agent and the post-treatment of the leaching solution. The selection of eluting agent is the core of soil chemical leaching, which directly affects the removal efficiency of heavy metals in soil. At present, soil chemical leaching is mainly aimed at a single type of heavy metal. For example, the commonly used heavy metal leaching agent EDTA can only effectively desorb cationic heavy metals in soil, while the heavy metal leaching agent phosphate can only effectively desorb anionic heavy metal arsenic. Therefore, it is necessary to find eluents that can simultaneously desorb cationic and anionic heavy metals in polluted soil. In addition, the post-treatment of the leaching solution is also an important part of soil chemical leaching. At present, the post-treatment of the eluent mainly adopts the precipitation method. The precipitation method usually uses soda lime to adjust the pH of the eluent to alkaline, so that the cationic heavy metals in the eluent are converted into hydroxide precipitation and removed, but the alkaline condition promotes the dissolution of anionic heavy metal arsenic. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a treatment method that can simultaneously remove cationic and anionic heavy metals in the eluent.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供了一种用于修复阳离子型和阴离子型复合重金属污染土壤的淋洗方法，该方法包括采用多聚磷酸盐作为淋洗剂同时解吸污染土壤中阳离子型和阴离子型重金属，然后在固液分离后的淋洗液中加入硫化亚铁同时去除淋洗液中阳离子型和阴离子型重金属。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a leaching method for repairing cationic and anionic composite heavy metal polluted soil, the method comprising using polyphosphate as a leaching agent to simultaneously desorb cationic and anionic heavy metals in the polluted soil, Then, ferrous sulfide is added to the eluent after solid-liquid separation to remove cationic and anionic heavy metals in the eluent.
本发明的技术原理：多聚磷酸根一方面可以与阳离子型重金属形成稳定的溶解态络合物，从而促进污染土壤中阳离子型重金属的解吸，另一方面可以通过与砷酸根和铬酸根竞争土壤颗粒上吸附位点的方式促进土壤中阴离子型重金属砷和铬的解吸。在固液分离后的淋洗液中加入硫化亚铁，硫化亚铁在酸性条件下可以释放硫离子和亚铁离子，硫离子与阳离子型重金属形成硫化物沉淀而去除淋洗液中的阳离子型重金属，随着氢离子的消耗，淋洗液的pH逐渐增加，亚铁离子逐渐转化羟基氧化铁，羟基氧化铁通过共沉淀的方式去除淋洗液中的阴离子型重金属。The technical principle of the present invention: on the one hand, polyphosphate can form stable dissolved complexes with cationic heavy metals, thereby promoting the desorption of cationic heavy metals in polluted soil, and on the other hand, it can compete with arsenate and chromate for soil The manner of adsorption sites on the particles facilitates the desorption of the anionic heavy metals arsenic and chromium in the soil. Ferrous sulfide is added to the eluent after solid-liquid separation. Ferrous sulfide can release sulfur ions and ferrous ions under acidic conditions. Sulfide ions and cationic heavy metals form sulfide precipitation to remove cationic ions in the eluent. For heavy metals, with the consumption of hydrogen ions, the pH of the eluent gradually increases, and the ferrous ions gradually convert into iron oxyhydroxide, which removes the anionic heavy metals in the eluent by co-precipitation.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种修复阳离子型和阴离子型复合重金属污染土壤的淋洗方法：采用多聚磷酸盐作为淋洗剂同时解吸污染土壤阳离子型和阴离子型重金属，然后将固液分离后的淋洗液的pH值调至2-4，加入硫化亚铁同时去除淋洗液中阳离子型和阴离子型重金属。A leaching method for repairing cationic and anionic composite heavy metal polluted soil: using polyphosphate as a leaching agent to simultaneously desorb cationic and anionic heavy metals from polluted soil, and then determining the pH value of the leaching solution after solid-liquid separation Adjust to 2-4, and add ferrous sulfide to remove cationic and anionic heavy metals in the eluent at the same time.
进一步地，所述的阳离子型重金属污染土壤含有铜、铅、锌和镉中的一种或几种，所述阴离子型重金属含有砷和铬中的一种或两种。Further, the cationic heavy metal polluted soil contains one or more of copper, lead, zinc and cadmium, and the anionic heavy metal contains one or both of arsenic and chromium.
进一步地，所述的多聚磷酸盐是三聚磷酸钠、四聚磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钾和四聚磷酸钾中的一种或几种组合，将多聚磷酸盐溶液穿过填充污染土壤的柱子，或者采用机械搅拌或振荡的方式将多聚磷酸盐溶液和污染土壤混合。Further, the polyphosphate is one or more combinations of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium tetrapolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate and potassium tetrapolyphosphate, and the polyphosphate solution is passed through the filling polluted soil. column, or use mechanical stirring or shaking to mix the polyphosphate solution with the contaminated soil.
进一步地，硫化亚铁投加到淋洗液中，机械搅拌或振荡4-8小时，使淋洗液中复合重金属被充分去除。Further, ferrous sulfide is added into the eluent, and mechanically stirred or shaken for 4-8 hours, so that the composite heavy metals in the eluent are fully removed.
进一步地，选用无机酸调节淋洗液的pH值，所述的无机酸是盐酸、硫酸或硝酸。Further, an inorganic acid is selected to adjust the pH value of the eluent, and the inorganic acid is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
本发明针对污染土壤中复合重金属浓度的不同，可以对多聚磷酸盐和硫化亚铁的投加量、搅拌速度和反应时间等参数进行优化调整。According to the different concentrations of the composite heavy metals in the polluted soil, the invention can optimize and adjust parameters such as the dosage of polyphosphate and ferrous sulfide, the stirring speed and the reaction time.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点及有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1)本发明所述的化学淋洗方法能有效修复阳离子型和阴离子型复合重金属污染土壤，克服目前大多数化学淋洗仅适用于单一类型重金属污染的不足。(1) The chemical leaching method of the present invention can effectively repair cationic and anionic composite heavy metal polluted soil, overcoming the deficiency that most of the current chemical leaching is only suitable for single type heavy metal pollution.
(2)本发明所述的化学淋洗方法操作简单，且所采用的药剂具有价格低廉、环境友好和对土壤基质破坏小等优点，在实际应用过程中能兼顾经济效益和环境效益。(2) The chemical leaching method of the present invention is simple to operate, and the medicament used has the advantages of low price, environmental friendliness and little damage to the soil matrix, and can take into account both economic and environmental benefits in the actual application process.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
从大冶市某矿区周边采集复合重金属污染土壤，其中铅浓度为355.5mg/kg，铜浓度为591.9mg/kg，砷浓度为86.8mg/kg。将0.2mol/L的四聚磷酸钠(pH调为7.0)与污染土壤按1:10的质量比混合于玻璃管中，将玻璃管置于恒温振荡器中，温度为25℃，振荡速率为120r/min，恒温震荡72h后采用高速离心机进行泥水分离。淋洗后土壤中铅、铜和砷的浓度分别为38.4、43.8和18.5mg/kg，对应土壤中三种重金属的去除率分别为89.2％、92.6％和78.7％。淋洗液中铅、铜和砷的浓度分别为31.7、54.8和6.83mg/L。在相同反应条件下，常用的重金属淋洗剂EDTA(初始浓度为0.2mol/L，初始pH＝7.0)对土壤中铅、铜和砷的去除率分别为91.4％、88.9％和18.4％。结果表明，四聚磷酸钠对阳离子型重金属(铅和铜)的解吸效率与EDTA基本相当，但四聚磷酸钠对阴离子型重金属砷的解吸效率显著高于EDTA，其对砷的解吸效率是EDTA的4.3倍。The composite heavy metal contaminated soil was collected from a mining area in Daye City, in which the lead concentration was 355.5 mg/kg, the copper concentration was 591.9 mg/kg, and the arsenic concentration was 86.8 mg/kg. Mix 0.2mol/L sodium tetrapolyphosphate (pH adjusted to 7.0) and polluted soil in a glass tube at a mass ratio of 1:10, place the glass tube in a constant temperature shaker, the temperature is 25°C, and the shaking rate is 120r/min, constant temperature vibration for 72h, high-speed centrifuge was used to separate mud and water. The concentrations of lead, copper and arsenic in the soil after leaching were 38.4, 43.8 and 18.5 mg/kg, respectively, and the removal rates of the three heavy metals in the soil were 89.2%, 92.6% and 78.7%, respectively. The concentrations of lead, copper and arsenic in the eluent were 31.7, 54.8 and 6.83 mg/L, respectively. Under the same reaction conditions, the removal rates of lead, copper and arsenic in soil were 91.4%, 88.9% and 18.4%, respectively, by the commonly used heavy metal eluting agent EDTA (initial concentration 0.2mol/L, initial pH=7.0). The results show that the desorption efficiency of sodium tetrapolyphosphate for cationic heavy metals (lead and copper) is basically the same as that of EDTA, but the desorption efficiency of sodium tetrapolyphosphate for anionic heavy metal arsenic is significantly higher than that of EDTA, and its desorption efficiency for arsenic is EDTA. 4.3 times.
在100mL土壤淋洗液中加入1g硫化亚铁，并用稀硫酸将淋洗液的pH调为2.5。采用机械搅拌混合淋洗液和硫化亚铁，转速为300r/min，搅拌时间为8小时，离心后测定上清液中重金属铅、铜和砷的浓度分别为0.3、1.5和0.4mg/L，对应淋洗液中三种重金属的去除率分别为99.1％、97.2％和94.1％。Add 1 g of ferrous sulfide to 100 mL of soil leaching solution, and adjust the pH of the leaching solution to 2.5 with dilute sulfuric acid. The eluent and ferrous sulfide were mixed by mechanical stirring, the rotation speed was 300 r/min, and the stirring time was 8 hours. The removal rates of the three heavy metals in the corresponding eluent were 99.1%, 97.2% and 94.1%, respectively.
实施例2Example 2
从武汉某电镀厂排污沟附近采集复合重金属污染土壤，其中镉含量为26.8mg/kg，铅含量为69.8mg/kg，铬含量为96.8mg/kg。将0.1mol/L的四聚磷酸钠(pH调为7.0)与污染土壤按1:10的质量比混合于玻璃管中，将玻璃管置于恒温振荡器中，温度为25℃，振荡速率为120r/min，恒温震荡72h后采用高速离心机进行泥水分离。淋洗后土壤中镉、铅和铬的浓度分别为3.7、5.1和9.8mg/kg，对应土壤中三种重金属的去除率分别为86.2％、92.7％和89.9％。淋洗液中镉、铅和铬的浓度分别为2.3、6.5和8.7mg/L。在相同反应条件下，常用的重金属淋洗剂EDTA(初始浓度为0.1mol/L，初始pH＝7.0)对土壤中镉、铅和铬的去除率分别为82.4％、89.9％和23.7％。结果表明，四聚磷酸钠对阳离子型重金属(镉和铅)的解吸效率略高于EDTA。同时，四聚磷酸钠对阴离子型重金属铬的解吸效率显著高于EDTA，其对铬的解吸效率是EDTA的3.8倍。The composite heavy metal-contaminated soil was collected from the sewage ditch of an electroplating factory in Wuhan, in which the cadmium content was 26.8 mg/kg, the lead content was 69.8 mg/kg, and the chromium content was 96.8 mg/kg. Mix 0.1 mol/L sodium tetrapolyphosphate (pH adjusted to 7.0) and polluted soil in a glass tube at a mass ratio of 1:10, place the glass tube in a constant temperature shaker, the temperature is 25 °C, and the shaking rate is 120r/min, constant temperature vibration for 72h, high-speed centrifuge was used to separate mud and water. The concentrations of cadmium, lead and chromium in the soil after leaching were 3.7, 5.1 and 9.8 mg/kg, respectively, and the removal rates of the three heavy metals in the soil were 86.2%, 92.7% and 89.9%, respectively. The concentrations of cadmium, lead and chromium in the eluent were 2.3, 6.5 and 8.7 mg/L, respectively. Under the same reaction conditions, the removal rates of cadmium, lead and chromium in soil were 82.4%, 89.9% and 23.7%, respectively, by the commonly used heavy metal eluent EDTA (initial concentration 0.1mol/L, initial pH=7.0). The results showed that the desorption efficiency of sodium tetrapolyphosphate for cationic heavy metals (cadmium and lead) was slightly higher than that of EDTA. At the same time, the desorption efficiency of sodium tetrapolyphosphate for anionic heavy metal chromium was significantly higher than that of EDTA, and its desorption efficiency for chromium was 3.8 times that of EDTA.
在100mL土壤淋洗液中加入0.2g硫化亚铁，并用稀硫酸将淋洗液的pH调为2.5。采用机械搅拌混合淋洗液和硫化亚铁，转速为300r/min，搅拌时间为4小时，离心后测定上清液中重金属镉、铅和铬的浓度分别为0.1、0.2和0.6mg/L，对应淋洗液中三种重金属的去除率分别为95.7％、96.9％和93.1％。Add 0.2 g of ferrous sulfide to 100 mL of soil leaching solution, and adjust the pH of the leaching solution to 2.5 with dilute sulfuric acid. The eluent and ferrous sulfide were mixed by mechanical stirring, the rotation speed was 300 r/min, and the stirring time was 4 hours. The removal rates of the three heavy metals in the corresponding eluent were 95.7%, 96.9% and 93.1%, respectively.
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