CN111513205A - 一种肉鸡竹叶饲料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种肉鸡竹叶饲料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种肉鸡竹叶饲料的制备方法及其应用。本发明的一种肉鸡竹叶饲料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将采集的新鲜慈竹竹叶置于遮阴处阴干;(2)将阴干后的竹叶制备成竹叶粉;(3)将粉碎后的竹叶进行包装储存,制得竹叶饲料。本发明的竹叶饲料具有改善肉鸡肠道发育、增加肠道微生物多样性,降低肉鸡排泄物质量和含水量,促进家禽肠道健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料添加剂技术领域,尤其是涉及一种肉鸡竹叶饲料的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
竹叶中含有大量的黄酮类化合物和生物活性多糖等有效成分,其中如酚酸类化合物、蒽醌类化合物、萜类内酯和生物碱等都有着较强的抑菌杀菌作用。此外,竹叶还含有丰富的膳食纤维,可以调节动物肠道健康,有助于保持鸡肠道的正常结构与功能,预防肠道炎症,促进家禽养殖业的健康可持续发展。
目前,缺乏一种促进肉鸡肠道发育的竹叶饲料的制备方法及其应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题,提供一种促进肠道健康的肉鸡竹叶饲料的制备方法及其应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用了下列技术方案:本发明的一种肉鸡竹叶饲料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将采集的新鲜慈竹竹叶置于遮阴处阴干;
(2)将阴干后的竹叶制备成竹叶粉;
(3)将粉碎后的竹叶进行包装储存,制得肉鸡竹叶饲料。
进一步地,在步骤(2)中,所述的竹叶的粉碎粒度控制在1mm。
本发明的所述的肉鸡竹叶饲料在制备家禽饲料中的应用。
进一步地,所述家禽为肉鸡。
有益效果:本发明具有改善肉鸡肠道发育、增加肠道微生物多样性,降低肉鸡排泄物质量和含水量,从而促进家禽肠道健康。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)可以促进肉鸡肠道发育。综合竹叶粉对肉鸡生产性能、养分代谢率及对肉鸡肠道健康的调控机制,表明在肉鸡饲粮中添加竹叶粉25-75g/kg效果最佳。
(2)可以调控肉鸡肠道健康并降低排泄物的质量和含水量,预防水样粪的发生,改善养殖场环境质量。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,构成本发明的一部分,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明的饲粮中添加肉鸡竹叶粉对肉鸡排泄物质量(A)和含水量(B)影响示意图;
图2为本发明的饲粮中添加肉鸡竹叶粉对肉鸡盲肠微生物Jackknifed-UPGMA样本相似性聚类图。
具体实施方式
以下将配合实施例及附图来详细说明本申请的实施方式,藉此对本申请如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题并达成技术功效的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1
图1为本发明的饲粮中添加肉鸡竹叶粉对肉鸡排泄物质量(A)和含水量(B)影响示意图;
如图1所示,本发明提供的肉鸡竹叶粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将采集的新鲜慈竹竹叶置于遮阴处阴干;
(2)将阴干后的竹叶制备成竹叶粉;所述的竹叶的粉碎粒度控制在1mm。
(3)将粉碎后的竹叶进行包装储存,制得肉鸡竹叶饲料。
本发明的所述的竹叶饲料在制备家禽饲料中的应用。
试验例1
本实施例中,给出的竹叶饲料添加剂的应用试验如下:
选用1日龄健康铁脚麻肉鸡300羽,采用单因子随机分组设计,共设5个处理,分别为BLP0、BLP25、BLP50、BLP75、BLP100,BLP0为添加0g/kg竹叶粉组,为对照组,BLP25为添加25g/kg竹叶粉组,BLP50为添加50g/kg竹叶粉组,BLP75为添加75g/kg竹叶粉组,BLP100为添加100g/kg竹叶粉组。每组6个重复,每个重复10羽,各组初始体重差异不显著,试验期70天。饲料配方见表1(饲粮组成及营养水平)。
试验前对鸡舍、用具及周边环境用甲醛和高锰酸钾进行熏蒸消毒,用消毒液对墙面和地喷雾消毒,以试验备用。鸡的日常饲养管理办法,采用有窗鸡舍,三层笼养方式,自由饮水、采食,食槽、饮水器每日换水换料前进行清洗消毒,初饮水添加多种维生素电解质。严格遵循饲养、管理要求控制鸡舍温度、湿度和光照等条件,每日观察鸡群的健康状况并做好记录。免疫程序按照肉鸡常规免疫程序进行。饲粮组成及营养水平表如表1所示:
表1
注:1)BLP0:添加0g/kg的竹叶粉;BLP25:添加25g/kg的竹叶粉;BLP50:添加50g/kg的竹叶粉;BLP75:添加75g/kg的竹叶粉;BLP100:添加100g/kg的竹叶粉。2)每千克饲粮提供:VA 15 000IU,VD 2 750IU,VE 62.5IU,VK4 0.65mg,硫胺素0.75mg,核黄素3mg烟酸363mg,氯化胆碱100mg,泛酸钙2.23mg,吡哆醇4mg,生物素2mg,叶酸3.63mg,VB120.21mg,VC2mg,锌40mg,铁70mg,铜8mg,锰60mg,碘0.35mg,硒0.15mg,乙氧喹啉80mg。
添加竹叶粉对肉鸡生产性能的影响见表2,从表2可以看出,添加竹叶粉对试验末体重、日增重和料肉比的影响差异不显著,但采食量有增加的趋势,但添加100g/kg的竹叶粉组试验末体重、平均采食量、日增重有降低的趋势,说明添加过高的竹叶粉可能会限制肉鸡的生长。添加竹叶粉对肉鸡生产性能的影响如表2所示:
表2
添加25g/kg的竹叶粉对肉鸡干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪以及无氮浸出物的代谢率的影响差异不显著,但随着添加量的增加其养分代谢率有下降的趋势,尤其是粗蛋白代谢率与竹叶粉添加量成反比(表3)。添加竹叶粉对肉鸡养分表观代谢率的影响如表3所示:
表3
如表3所示,从排泄物水分含量可以看出,添加竹叶粉可以显著降低排泄物中的含水量,尤其是添加75g/k和100g/kg的竹叶粉显著降低排泄物中的含水量,因此,给鸡喂食竹叶饲料的好处之一是可减少水样粪的发生,有利于提高养殖场对排泄物的清理效果和改善环境质量,预防腹泻。
添加竹叶粉对肉鸡肠道发育的影响见表4,从表4可以看出,添加竹叶粉对嗉囊、腺胃、十二指肠、盲肠和直肠的影响差异不显著,但显著提高肌胃重量和肌胃指数,随着竹叶量的增加,肌胃重量和指数呈增加的趋势,特别是添加75g/kg的竹叶粉,说明添加竹叶粉可以有效地促进肌胃的发育。研究表明,肌胃具有许多重要生理功能,肌胃通过减小饲料粒度帮助家禽消化食物以及调节采食量,维持肠道正常的生理功能。添加竹叶粉对肉鸡肠道发育的影响如表4所示:
表4
图2为样品间的UPGMA样本相似性聚类图,表明添加竹叶后盲肠微生物与对照组间存在一定的差异。
表5为本发明的饲粮中添加肉鸡竹叶粉对肉鸡肠道微生物多样性(属水平)的影响。
表5
从表5可以看出,肉鸡饲粮中添加竹叶粉可改善其肠道微生物多样性,添加竹叶粉可以显著增加乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的丰度,尤其是高剂量组,添加竹叶粉可增加盲肠中拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、Prevotellaceae_UCG_001、Lachnoclostridium和Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group、Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010、Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014、理研菌属(Rikenella)、Succinatimonas、Blautia、消化球菌属(Peptococcus)等属的相对丰度,降低粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group、弯曲杆菌属(Campylobacter)、Enterococcus、Campylobacter、Intestinimonas、Faecalicoccus等属的丰度。
综合竹叶对肉鸡生产性能、养分代谢率及对肉鸡肠道健康的调控效果,表明在肉鸡饲粮中添加竹叶粉25-75g/kg效果最佳,具有改善肉鸡肠道发育,降低肉鸡排泄物含水量,提高肉鸡肠道微生物丰富度和多样性,增加肠道中有益菌乳杆菌属、拟杆菌属的相对丰度,降低粪杆菌属、弯曲杆菌属、Enterococcus、Campylobacter等的相对丰度,从而优化肉鸡肠道菌群,建立健康的肠道菌群结构,促进家禽肠道健康。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种肉鸡竹叶饲料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)将采集的新鲜慈竹竹叶置于遮阴处阴干;
(2)将阴干后的竹叶制备成竹叶粉;
(3)将粉碎后的竹叶进行包装储存,制得肉鸡竹叶饲料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肉鸡竹叶饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所述的竹叶的粉碎粒度控制在1mm。
3.权利要求1所述的肉鸡竹叶饲料在制备家禽饲料中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,所述家禽为肉鸡。
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