CN111511398A - 针对亨德拉和尼帕病毒感染的疫苗 - Google Patents
针对亨德拉和尼帕病毒感染的疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种保护有需要的动物免于亨德拉或尼帕病毒感染的方法,所述方法包括向所述动物施用单次剂量的疫苗,所述疫苗包含:抗原组分,所述抗原组分包含亨德拉抗原或尼帕抗原;和佐剂,所述佐剂包含油、聚阳离子载体和含CpG的免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其中所述疫苗是W/O乳液。
Description
发明领域
本发明大体上属于针对亨德拉(Hendra)病毒(HeV)和尼帕(Nipah)病毒(NiV)感染的动物疫苗领域。
发明背景
副粘病毒,诸如HeV和NiV,在病毒颗粒的外膜中具有两种主要膜锚定糖蛋白。一种糖蛋白是病毒体附接至宿主细胞上的受体所需要并且命名为血细胞凝集素-神经氨酸苷酶蛋白(HN)或血细胞凝集素蛋白(H),而另一种是既不具有血凝作用也不具有神经氨酸苷酶活性的糖蛋白(G)。附接糖蛋白是II型膜蛋白,其中所述分子的氨基(N)末端朝向细胞质并且所述蛋白质的羧基(C)末端在细胞外。另一种主要糖蛋白是融合(F)糖蛋白,融合(F)糖蛋白是含有两个七肽重复(HR)区和疏水性融合肽的三聚I类促融合外膜糖蛋白。HeV和NiV在受体结合后通过其附接G糖蛋白和F糖蛋白协同作用通过非pH值依赖性膜融合过程进入受体宿主细胞中而感染细胞。HeV和NiV附接G糖蛋白的主要功能在于接合宿主细胞表面上的适当受体,这些受体对于大多数充分表征的副粘病毒而言,是唾液酸部分。HeV和NiV G糖蛋白利用宿主细胞蛋白受体ephrin B2和/或ephrin B3,并且已开发阻断通过G糖蛋白进行的病毒附接的抗体(WO2006137931;Bishop(2008)J.Virol.82:11398-11409)。此外,已开发也使用G糖蛋白作为产生针对HeV和NiV感染的免疫保护反应的手段的疫苗(WO2009117035)。
目前有一种批准用于马类以预防由亨德拉病毒引起的感染或疾病的许可疫苗(HeV;Zoetis),但不存在用于预防尼帕病毒感染的许可疫苗。尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒都是具有生物防御意义的美国国家过敏与感染疾病研究所C类优先级病原。此外,由于这些病毒是人畜共通性4级生物安全病原(BSL-4),所以安全地生产疫苗和/或诊断剂成本极高而且困难。美国农业部将尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒两者都分类为高度严重后果外来动物疾病。
发明内容
在第一方面,本发明提供一种保护有需要的动物免于亨德拉或尼帕病毒感染的方法,所述方法包括向所述动物施用单次剂量的疫苗,所述疫苗包含:抗原组分,所述抗原组分包含亨德拉抗原或尼帕抗原;和佐剂,所述佐剂包含油、聚阳离子载体和含CpG的免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其中所述疫苗是W/O乳液。
在某些实施方案中,所述动物是猪科动物,并且所述尼帕抗原包含与SEQ ID NO:11或与其氨基酸71-602至少95%(例如,至少98%)同一的氨基酸序列。
在某些实施方案中,其中所述动物是马科动物,并且所述亨德拉抗原包含与SEQID NO:12或与其氨基酸73-604至少95%(例如,至少98%)同一的氨基酸序列。
在可与以上描述的实施方案中的任一者组合的其他实施方案中,所述油是不可代谢的油。
在可与以上描述的实施方案中的任一者组合的其他实施方案中,所述聚阳离子载体是DEAE葡聚糖。
在可与以上描述的实施方案中的任一者组合的其他实施方案中,所述单次剂量的疫苗具有约0.125ml至约2ml的体积。
附图说明
图1和图2示出SEQ ID NO:11和12,它们分别是尼帕病毒和亨德拉病毒的G糖蛋白。
具体实施方式
定义
“约”或“大致”当结合可测量数值变量加以使用时是指所述变量的指示值和所述变量的处于所述指示值的实验误差内(例如,处于均值的95%置信区间内)或处于所述指示值的10%内(取较大者)的所有值,除非约涉及以周计的时间间隔加以使用,其中“约3周”是17至25天,并且约2至约4周是10至40天。
“抗原”或“免疫原”是指由动物的免疫系统识别并且产生免疫反应的任何物质。所述术语包括杀死、灭活、减毒或修饰的活细菌、病毒或寄生物。术语“抗原”还包括多核苷酸、多肽、重组蛋白、合成肽、蛋白提取物、细胞(包括肿瘤细胞)、组织、多糖或脂质或其片段,单独地或呈其任何组合形式。术语抗原还包括诸如抗独特型抗体或其片段的抗体和可模拟抗原或抗原决定子(表位)的合成肽模拟表位。
“缓冲液”意指防止另一化学物质的浓度变化的化学系统,例如,质子供体和受体系统充当防止氢离子浓度(pH值)显著变化的缓冲液。缓冲液的另一实例是含有弱酸及其盐(共轭碱)或弱碱及其盐(共轭酸)的混合物的溶液。
所述方法“包括向受试者施用单次剂量的疫苗X”不包括施用超过一剂量疫苗X的治疗方案。
“基本上由......组成”在应用于佐剂制剂时是指制剂不含一定量的未叙述的额外辅助或免疫调节剂,在所述量下,所述剂发挥可测量的辅助或免疫调节作用。
提及组合物或疫苗是“有效单次剂量疫苗”是指尼帕或亨德拉疫苗在单次施用至未对尼帕或亨德拉免疫的动物后分别提供至少五个月,例如六个月、七个月、八个月、九个月、十个月、十一个月、十二个月、十三个月或十四个月的对尼帕或亨德拉攻击免疫的持续时间。
术语“乳化剂”在本公开中是以广义使用。其包括一般视为乳化剂的物质,例如,或生产线的不同产品(分别是聚乙氧基化山梨醇和经脂肪酸取代的脱水山梨糖醇表面活性剂的脂肪酸酯)和不同的溶解度增强剂,诸如PEG-40蓖麻油或另一种聚乙二醇化氢化油。
抗原的“免疫保护量”或“免疫有效量”或“产生免疫反应的有效量”是在受体中有效诱导免疫原性反应的量。免疫原性反应可能足以用于诊断目的或其他检验,或者可能足以预防由感染病原引起的疾病的征象或症状,包括对健康的不利影响或其并发症。可诱导体液免疫抑或细胞介导免疫或两者。动物对免疫原性组合物的免疫原性反应可例如通过抗体效价测量、淋巴细胞增殖测定而间接地或者通过在用野生型病毒株攻击之后监测征象和症状而直接地加以评价,而由疫苗赋予的保护性免疫可通过测量例如所述受试者的临床征象,诸如死亡率、发病率、体温数值、总体身体状态以及总体健康和表现的减低加以评价。免疫反应可包括但不限于细胞和/或体液免疫的诱导。
“免疫原性”意指激起免疫或抗原反应。因此,免疫原性组合物将是诱导免疫反应的任何组合物。
“脂质”是指正常情况下被视为不溶(或微溶)于水但可溶于非极性有机溶剂、触摸呈油性并且与碳水化合物和蛋白质一起构成活细胞的主要结构物质的有机化合物组中的任一种,包括脂肪、油、蜡、固醇和三酸甘油酯。
“药学上可接受”是指在合理医学判断的范围内适用于与受试者的组织接触而无过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应等、与合理效益:风险比相称并且对其预期用途有效的物质。
本发明提供了一种给有需要的动物接种疫苗以免于亨德拉和/或尼帕感染的方法,所述方法是通过向所述动物施用单次剂量的本文所述的疫苗。简而言之,所述疫苗含有亨德拉或尼帕抗原佐以如以下更详细描述的佐剂TXO。
抗原
关于可用于实施本发明的亨德拉病毒G糖蛋白多肽及其重组表达,参考公布国际专利申请WO 2012/158643和WO2006/085979的全部公开内容,其中清楚地阐述了这种信息。可用于本文中的特定亨德拉病毒G蛋白多肽的优选实例公开于WO 2012/158643中,并且包括例如:全长G蛋白(SEQ ID NO:12);其可溶性片段(SEQ ID NO:12的编码氨基酸73-604);及其中公开的具有Ig(κ)前导序列的另一片段。参见例如WO 2012/158643的SEQ ID NO:15。一般来讲,亨德拉病毒G糖蛋白的可溶性形式包含胞外结构域的全部或一部分,并且是由使G糖蛋白的跨膜结构域的全部或一部分和胞质尾的全部或一部分缺失而产生。优选地,编码基因序列是针对表达进行优化的密码子。
在一些实施方案中,所述亨德拉G糖蛋白可呈二聚和/或四聚形式。此类二聚体依赖于G糖蛋白中的半胱氨酸残基之间形成的二硫键的形成。此类二硫键可对应于天然G糖蛋白中形成的那些二硫键,或可形成不同的二硫键,从而获得不同的二聚和/或四聚形式的G糖蛋白,由此增强抗原性。另外,根据本发明的实践,再考虑到G糖蛋白提供众多构形依赖性表位(即,由三级三维结构产生)以及保留众多此类天然表位从而赋予中和抗体反应因此高度优选,非二聚和四聚形式也是可用的。
一般来讲,亨德拉G蛋白的表达载体的构建可如WO 2012/158643的实施例1中所描述,其中由CHO细胞表达所得蛋白质如其实施例2中所描述,或替代地,使用牛痘系统(参见其实施例3)或293细胞(参见其实施例4)。在特定优选实例中,所述可溶性G蛋白提供为天然亨德拉病毒G糖蛋白(参见WO 2012/158643中的SEQ ID NO:2,其与SEQ ID NO:12一致)的氨基酸73-604。其二聚反应自发发生,伴随由CHO细胞表达,并且所得G蛋白大致为50%二聚体和50%四聚体,存在极少剩余单体。在293F细胞中表达获得约70%二聚体。
还已描述尼帕G蛋白的表达载体的构建。参见例如WO2012/158643中的实施例1和实施例2。可用于本文中的特定尼帕病毒G蛋白多肽的优选实例公开于WO 2012/158643中,并且包括例如:全长G蛋白(SEQ ID NO:11);其可溶性片段(SEQ ID NO:11的编码氨基酸71-602);及其中公开的具有Ig(κ)前导序列的另一片段。一般来讲,亨德拉病毒G糖蛋白的可溶性形式包含胞外结构域的全部或一部分,并且是由使G糖蛋白的跨膜结构域的全部或一部分和胞质尾的全部或一部分缺失而产生。优选地,编码基因序列是针对表达进行优化的密码子。
可与亨德拉G抗原类似地产生尼帕G抗原,例如,如WO2012/158643的实施例3中所描述。
抗原用于大型动物时的优选剂量在约50至约200微克/剂量的范围内,其中约100微克是最佳剂量。对于较小的动物,诸如狗,需要较少量,诸如5-50微克,例如约10微克、约15微克、约20微克、约25微克、约30微克、约35微克、约40微克、约45微克。
在某些实施方案中,尼帕抗原和/或亨德拉抗原分别与SEQ ID NO 11和12有至多5%氨基酸不同。优选地,改变的氨基酸经保守取代。以下八个组各自含有用于对彼此进行保守取代的氨基酸:1)丙氨酸(A)、甘氨酸(G);2)天冬氨酸(D)、谷氨酸(E);3)天冬酰胺(N)、谷氨酰胺(Q);4)精氨酸(R)、赖氨酸(K);5)异亮氨酸(I)、亮氨酸(L)、甲硫氨酸(M)、缬氨酸(V);6)苯丙氨酸(F)、酪氨酸(Y)、色氨酸(W);7)丝氨酸(S)、苏氨酸(T);和8)半胱氨酸(C)、甲硫氨酸(M)(参见例如Creighton,Proteins,W.H.Freeman and Co.,N.Y.(1984))。
在实施方案中,其中亨德拉或尼帕抗原包含额外的片段(例如,纯化标签或Ig(κ)前导序列),以便确定所述抗原是否与SEQ ID NO 11或12至少95%同一,比较时不包括此类额外的片段。
在其他实施方案中,所述抗原组分可包含载体,所述载体包含编码以上描述的氨基酸序列中的任一者的核酸序列。合适的载体包括痘病毒载体(例如,牛痘载体或金丝雀痘载体,诸如ALVAC)、腺病毒载体、SIRNAVAXSM平台等。
佐剂
本发明的疫苗是油包水(W/O)乳液。多种油以及它们的组合适用于本发明。这些油包括但不限于动物油、植物油以及不可代谢的油。适合本发明的植物油的非限制性实例是玉米油、花生油、大豆油、椰子油和橄榄油。动物油的非限制性实例是角鲨烷。不可代谢的油的合适非限制性实例包括轻质矿物油、直链或支链饱和油等。
在一组实施方案中,用于本发明的佐剂制剂中的油是轻质矿物油。如本文所用,术语“矿物油”是指经由蒸馏技术获自矿脂的液体烃的混合物。所述术语与“液化石蜡”、“液体矿脂”和“白矿油”同义。所述术语也意欲包括“轻质矿物油”,即,类似地通过蒸馏矿脂而获得但具有比白矿油稍低的比重的油。参见例如Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版(Easton,Pa.:Mack Publishing Company,1990,第788和1323页)。矿物油可获自不同的商业来源,例如J.T.Baker(Phillipsburg,Pa.)、USB Corporation(Cleveland,Ohio)。优选矿物油是可根据名称商购获得的轻质矿物油。
典型地,油相以疫苗组合物的50%至95%(按体积计)的量、优选以大于50%至85%的量、更优选以大于50%至60%的量且更优选以大于50%至52%v/v的量存在。所述油相包括油和乳化剂(例如,80、80等)(如果存在任何此类乳化剂)。油相的体积是按油的体积与一种或多种乳化剂的体积的总和来计算。因此,举例而言,如果油的体积是组合物的40%并且一种或多种乳化剂的体积是12%,则油相将以所述组合物的52%v/v存在。类似地,如果油以组合物的约45%的量存在并且乳化剂以约6%的量存在,则油相以所述组合物的约51%v/v存在。
在适用于本发明的所有佐剂/疫苗的子组实施方案中,油和油溶性乳化剂的体积百分比共为疫苗组合物的至少50%,例如50%至95%(按体积计);优选以大于50%至85%的量;更优选以50%至60%的量,并且更优选以50%-52%v/v的量。因此,举例而言并且不具限制性,所述油可能以45%的量存在并且所述脂溶性乳化剂将以大于5%v/v的量存在。因此,油和油溶性乳化剂的体积百分比共为至少为50%。
在适用于本发明的所有疫苗的另一子组中,油的体积百分比是疫苗组合物的超过40%,例如40%至90%(按体积计)、40%至85%、43%至60%、44%-50%v/v。
适用于本发明乳液的乳化剂包括天然生物相容乳化剂和非天然合成表面活性剂。生物相容乳化剂包括磷脂化合物或磷脂混合物。优选磷脂是磷脂酰胆碱(卵磷脂),诸如大豆卵磷酯或卵磷酯。可通过对粗植物油进行水洗并且分离并干燥所得水合胶来获得呈磷脂与三酸甘油酯的混合物形式的卵磷脂。可通过针对利用丙酮洗涤来去除三酸甘油酯和植物油之后剩余的丙酮不溶性磷脂和糖脂对混合物进行分馏来获得精制产品。或者,卵磷脂可获自各种商业来源。其他合适的磷脂包括磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酸、心磷脂和磷脂酰乙醇胺。磷脂可自天然来源分离或用常规方式合成。
在另外的实施方案中,本文中使用的乳化剂不包括卵磷脂,或以不具免疫有效性的量使用卵磷脂。
适用于本发明的佐剂制剂中的非天然合成乳化剂包括基于脱水山梨糖醇的非离子表面活性剂,例如经脂肪酸取代的脱水山梨糖醇表面活性剂(可根据名称或商购获得)、聚乙氧基化山梨醇脂肪酸酯来自诸如蓖麻油的来源的聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯聚乙氧基化脂肪酸(例如,可根据名称M-53获得的硬脂酸)、聚乙氧基化异辛基酚/甲醛聚合物聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚聚氧乙烯壬苯基醚(N)、聚氧乙烯异辛基苯基醚(X)。优选合成表面活性剂是可根据名称和获得的表面活性剂,诸如(聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)和(脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)。
一般来讲,乳化剂可以0.01%至40%(按体积计)、优选0.1%至15%、更优选2%至10%的量存在于疫苗组合物中。
本发明的佐剂制剂中存在的其他成分包括阳离子载体和含CpG的免疫刺激寡核苷酸。此类形成包含免疫刺激寡核苷酸和聚阳离子载体的W/O疫苗组合物的佐剂被称为“TXO”。
合适的阳离子载体包括但不限于葡聚糖、DEAE(二乙基-氨基乙基)葡聚糖(及其衍生物);PEG;瓜尔胶;壳聚糖衍生物;多聚纤维素衍生物,如羟乙基纤维素(HEC);聚乙烯亚胺;聚氨基化物,如多聚赖氨酸;等。
CpG寡核苷酸是特征在于在特定碱基序列情形存在未甲基化的CG二核苷酸(CpG基序)的一类医药治疗剂。(Hansel TT,Barnes PJ(编辑):New Drugs for Asthma,Allergyand COPD.Prog Respir Res.Basel,Karger,2001,第31卷,第229-232页,其以引用方式并入本文)。这些CpG基序未见于真核生物DNA中(在真核生物DNA中,CG二核苷酸受到抑制并且当存在时通常经甲基化),但存在于其赋予免疫刺激特性的细菌DNA中。
在所选实施方案中,本发明的佐剂利用所谓的P类免疫刺激寡核苷酸,更优选是修饰的P类免疫刺激寡核苷酸,甚至更优选是经E修饰的P类寡核苷酸。P类免疫刺激寡核苷酸是CpG寡核苷酸,其特征在于存在一般6-20个核苷酸长的回文序列。P类寡核苷酸能够在体外和/或体内自发自组装成串联体。这些寡核苷酸在严格意义上是单链的,但回文序列的存在允许形成串联体或可能形成茎-环结构,以及二级和三级结构。P类免疫刺激寡核苷酸的总体长度介于19与100个核苷酸之间,例如19-30个核苷酸、30-40个核苷酸、40-50个核苷酸、50-60个核苷酸、60-70个核苷酸、70-80个核苷酸、80-90个核苷酸、90-100个核苷酸。
在本发明的一个方面中,所述免疫刺激寡核苷酸含有5′TLR激活结构域和至少两个回文区,一个回文区是至少6个核苷酸长的5′回文区并且直接或经由间隔子与至少8个核苷酸长的3′回文区连接。
可根据本领结构域中已知的技术对P类免疫刺激寡核苷酸进行修饰。举例而言,J修饰是指经碘基修饰的核苷酸。E修饰是指一个或多个经乙基修饰的核苷酸。因而,经E修饰的P类免疫刺激寡核苷酸是P类免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其中至少一个核苷酸(优选是5′核苷酸)经乙基化。其他修饰包括6-硝基-苯并咪唑附接、O-甲基化、用丙炔基-dU修饰、肌苷修饰、2-溴乙烯基附接(优选附接至尿苷)。
P类免疫刺激寡核苷酸还可含有修饰的核苷酸间键联,包括但不限于磷酸二酯键联和硫代磷酸酯键联。本发明的寡核苷酸可合成或获自商业来源。
P类寡核苷酸和修饰的P类寡核苷酸进一步公开在于2008年6月12日公开的公布PCT申请号WO2008/068638中。以下提供修饰的P类免疫刺激寡核苷酸的合适非限制性实例(在SEQ ID NO 1-10中,“*”是指硫代磷酸酯键并且“_”是指磷酸二酯键)。
SEQ ID NO:15′T*C_G*T*C_G*A*C_G*A*T*C_G*G*C*G*C_G*C*G*C*C*G 3′
SEQ ID NO:25′T*C_G*A*C*G*T*C*G*A*T*C*G*G*C*G*C*G*C*G*C*C*G 3′
SEQ ID NO:35′T*C*G*A*C*G*T*C*G*A*T*C*G*G*C*G*C*G*C*G*C*C*G*T 3′
SEQ ID NO:45′JU*C_G*A*C*G*T*C*G*A*T*C*G*G*C*G*C*G*C*G*C*C*G 3′
SEQ ID NO:55′JU*C_G*A*C*G*T*C*G*A*T*C*G*G*C*G*C*G*C*G*C*C*G*T 3′
SEQ ID NO:65′JU*C*G*A*C*G*T*C*G*A*T*C*G*G*C*G*C*G*C*G*C*C*G*T 3′
SEQ ID NO:75′EU*C_G*A*C*G*T*C*G*A*T*C*G*G*C*G*C*G*C*G*C*C*G 3′
SEQ ID NO:85′JU*C_G*T*C*G*A*C*G*A*T*C*G*G*C*G*G*C*C*G*C*C*G*T 3′
SEQ ID NO:95′JU*C*G*T*C*G*A*C*G*A*T*C*G*G*C*G*G*C*C*G*C*C*G*T 3′
SEQ ID NO:10 5′T*C_G*T*C_G*A*C_G*A*T*C_G*G*C*G*C_G*C*G*C*C*G 3′
在TXO佐剂中,免疫刺激寡核苷酸(优选是ODN,优选含有回文序列,并且任选地具有修饰的主链)可能以每剂量0.5-400μg的量存在,并且聚阳离子载体可能以每剂量0.5-400mg的量存在。剂量根据受试物种而变化。
举例而言,在某些更适合成猪的实施方案中,一剂量的TXO将包含约50与400μg之间(例如,对于成猪,50-300或100-250μg、或约50至约100μg)免疫刺激寡核苷酸,并且聚阳离子载体可能以介于每剂量约5与约500mg之间(例如,每剂量10-500mg或10-300mg或50-200mg)的量存在。在更适合仔猪的实施方案中,一剂量的TXO将包含介于约5与100μg之间(例如,10-80μg、或20-50μg)的免疫刺激寡核苷酸,而聚阳离子载体可能以每剂量1-50mg(例如,每剂量1-25mg或每剂量10-25mg)的量存在。
可如下制备TXO佐剂:
a)将脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯溶解于轻质矿物油中。对所得油溶液进行无菌过滤;
b)将免疫刺激寡核苷酸、DEAE葡聚糖和聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯溶解于水相中,由此形成水溶液;并且
c)在连续均质化作用下将水溶液添加至油溶液,由此形成佐剂制剂TXO。
可在制备水相的步骤将抗原添加至免疫刺激寡核苷酸与聚阳离子载体的混合物中。
所述疫苗可还包含其他免疫调节分子,包括但不限于皂苷(例如,Quil A或其经纯化的级分);糖脂,例如(无论是呈盐形式或是碱形式);MPLA;固醇(例如,胆固醇);阳离子化固醇(例如,3β-[N-(N′,N′-二甲基氨基乙烷)-氨基甲酰基]胆固醇,也称为DC-胆固醇)、磷脂(例如,卵磷脂);明矾;季胺,例如DDA(二甲基双十八烷基铵);等。
所述疫苗可还包含不同的药学上可接受的赋形剂,例如缓冲剂、pH值和/或渗透压调节剂和/或防腐剂。举例而言,氯甲酚可用作防腐剂,其量是每剂量0.01%至0.5%w/v,更优选是0.05%至0.2%,最优选是约0.1%。其他合适的赋形剂包括:乙酸和盐(1%-2%w/v);柠檬酸和盐(1%-3%w/v);硼酸和盐(0.5%-2.5%w/v);以及磷酸和盐(0.8%-2%w/v)。合适的防腐剂包括苯扎氯铵(0.003%-0.03%w/v);氯丁醇(0.3%-0.9%w/v);对羟基苯甲酸酯(0.01%-0.25%w/v)和硫柳汞(0.004%-0.02%w/v)以及它们的组合。
肠胃外制剂典型地是水溶液,其可含有赋形剂,诸如盐、碳水化合物和缓冲剂(优选达至约3至约9、或约4至约8、或约5至约7.5、或约6至约7.5、或约7至约7.5的pH值),但对于一些应用,其可经更适当配制而呈无菌非水溶液或呈干燥形式以便与诸如无菌无热原水的合适媒介物联合使用。
可使用本领域的技术人员熟知的标准医药技术容易地实现在无菌条件下制备肠胃外制剂,例如通过冻干。
疫苗的体积可变化。一般来讲,用于猪的标准剂量是每次施用约2ml疫苗。在不同的实施方案中,所述体积可变化,例如0.125ml至约5ml,例如2ml、1ml、0.5ml、0.25ml等。减小的体积将仍是油包水乳液,优选含有50%或更多油相。抗原、聚阳离子载体和含CpG的免疫刺激寡核苷酸的量优选将与标准2ml剂量中相同。在至少两个方面中,此类微剂量给药是有利的。首先,减轻动物的疼痛;其次,对于家畜尤其重要,减少量的油将代谢得更快并且因此减少屠宰停留期(即,疫苗接种与管制机关允许屠宰之间的时间)。
目前,市场上不存在含有尼帕抗原的疫苗,并且仅有一种含有亨德拉抗原的疫苗。Hendra(Zoetis)含有来源于亨德拉G蛋白的抗原并且佐以ISCOM(免疫刺激复合物)。Hendra是经肌内施用。适当处理方案需要初次施用和加强施用两者(其中加强施用在初次施用之后约三周)以及每年再接种。相比之下,本文所述的疫苗仅施用一次(与初次施用和加强施用相反)与每年再接种。
本说明书中所引用的所有出版物(专利出版物与非专利出版物两者)均指示本发明所属领域的技术人员的技术水平。所有这些出版物均以引用方式完全并入本文,其程度如同明确地且个别地指示各个别出版物以引用方式并入。
尽管本文中已参考特定实施方案描述本发明,但应当理解,这些实施方案仅说明本发明的原理和应用。因此,应当理解,可在不脱离如以下权利要求所定义的本发明的精神和范围的情况下对所述说明性实施方案进行众多修改并且可计划其他安排。
Claims (12)
1.一种保护有需要的动物免于亨德拉或尼帕病毒感染的方法,所述方法包括向所述动物施用单次剂量的疫苗,所述疫苗包含:
a)抗原组分,所述抗原组分包含亨德拉抗原或尼帕抗原;和
b)佐剂,所述佐剂包含油、聚阳离子载体和含CpG的免疫刺激寡核苷酸,其中所述疫苗是W/O乳液。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述动物是猪科动物,并且所述尼帕抗原包含与SEQID NO:11或与其氨基酸71-602至少95%同一的氨基酸序列。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:11或与其氨基酸71-602至少98%同一。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述动物是马科动物,并且所述亨德拉抗原包含与SEQ ID NO:12或与其氨基酸73-604至少95%同一的氨基酸序列。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:12或与其氨基酸73-604至少98%同一。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述油是不可代谢的油。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述不可代谢的油是轻质矿物油。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中所述聚阳离子载体选自葡聚糖、DEAE葡聚糖;PEG;瓜尔胶;壳聚糖衍生物;多聚纤维素衍生物,如羟乙基纤维素(HEC);聚乙烯亚胺;聚氨基化物;和多聚赖氨酸。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述聚阳离子载体是DEAE葡聚糖。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述动物先前未曾接种过针对亨德拉或尼帕病毒的疫苗。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述单次剂量的疫苗具有约0.125ml至约2ml的体积。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述单次剂量的疫苗具有约0.25ml至约1ml的体积。
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