CN111510279A - Optical fiber synchronization system based on femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison - Google Patents
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/0075—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter with photonic or optical means
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- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/02—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information
- H04L7/033—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/02—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information
- H04L7/033—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop
- H04L7/0331—Speed or phase control by the received code signals, the signals containing no special synchronisation information using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop with a digital phase-locked loop [PLL] processing binary samples, e.g. add/subtract logic for correction of receiver clock
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber synchronization system based on femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison, which comprises an A station and a B station with the same structure, wherein the A station and the B station respectively adopt a femtosecond laser to carry out optical fiber bidirectional comparison transmission, time interval measurement is carried out on a demodulated pulse signal and a reference pulse signal before modulation, an error signal is output and fed back to a time delay unit to adjust output time delay, and finally synchronization between the two stations A, B is realized. The invention utilizes the passive femtosecond laser to measure the time interval between the demodulated pulse and the reference pulse signal before modulation, and the measured precision can be better than hundred picoseconds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication and signal synchronization, and particularly relates to an optical fiber synchronization system based on femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the requirements of various industries on time synchronization are higher and higher, and the high-precision time synchronization provides safe and reliable guarantee for the fields of aerospace, radar synchronization, tip weapon control, high-speed communication, deep space exploration and the like. The research of synchronization by optical fiber is still an international research hotspot. The optical fiber synchronization technology has the advantages of safety, reliability, stability and the like, has high precision and high stability, and has natural advantages when being used for constructing a time synchronization management system due to the fact that the ground optical fiber is used as a bearing network, communication resources are rich, and communication capacity is strong. The optical fiber time synchronization method can achieve the synchronization precision of hundreds of picoseconds, and the precision is far higher than that of a GPS time service and satellite two-way comparison method, so that the optical fiber time transmission technology becomes a popular research direction in the time service synchronization technical field, and is widely applied to occasions needing high-precision time service.
However, in the existing optical fiber time transmission technology, continuous laser is used as a light source, clock pulse information is modulated onto the continuous laser to perform bidirectional transmission between two stations, and a time delay difference between the two stations is obtained through bidirectional comparison, so that a time delay device is adjusted to achieve synchronization. In the modulation mode of the synchronization system, the time-domain width of the optical pulse obtained by the synchronization pulse modulation is usually in the order of microseconds and nanoseconds, so that the rising edge of the synchronization pulse demodulated by the photoelectric detection is limited by the width of the optical pulse, usually in the order of hundreds of picoseconds. Under the condition, the time interval measurement is carried out on the demodulated pulse and the reference pulse signal before modulation, and the measured precision is not better than hundred picoseconds. Therefore, the synchronization accuracy of the synchronization system implemented by using continuous laser as carrier is limited by the time interval measurement, and is difficult to be better than one hundred picoseconds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber synchronization system based on femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison, and aims to solve the problem that white picoseconds are difficult to break through in synchronization precision in the existing optical fiber synchronization technology.
The invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme: an optical fiber synchronization system based on femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison comprises a station A and a station B which have the same structure, wherein the station A and the station B respectively adopt a femtosecond laser to carry out optical fiber bidirectional comparison transmission, time interval measurement is carried out on a demodulated pulse signal and a reference pulse signal before modulation, an error signal is output and fed back to a time delay device to adjust output time delay, and finally synchronization between the two stations A, B is realized.
The station A and the station B respectively adopt the femtosecond laser to carry out optical fiber bidirectional comparison transmission, time interval measurement is carried out on the demodulated pulse signal and a reference pulse signal before modulation through the time interval measurer, an error signal is output and fed back to the time delay unit to adjust output time delay, and finally synchronization between the two stations A, B is achieved.
According to the invention, firstly, a femtosecond laser is adopted to improve the synchronization precision, the passive low-noise femtosecond laser is adopted to carry out optical fiber bidirectional comparison transmission, and the passive femtosecond laser is utilized to reduce the width of a synchronization pulse demodulated by photoelectric detection, so that the rising edge of the synchronization pulse is steeper and reaches the sub-hundred picosecond magnitude.
Secondly, the invention further realizes the random synchronization between the two stations by combining the scheme of bidirectional comparison. The existing femtosecond laser synchronization technology mostly adopts one-way round-trip transmission, can only realize the synchronization from a master station to a slave station, and cannot realize any synchronization between two stations. The invention adopts the two-way synchronization of the femtosecond laser, and can realize any synchronization between two stations. The invention breaks through the limitation of the existing optical fiber bidirectional synchronous system based on the continuous laser on the time interval measurement precision of hundreds of picoseconds, and can improve the original synchronous precision from hundreds of picoseconds to dozens of picoseconds.
In order to better realize the invention, the station A and the station B respectively comprise a clock source, a femtosecond laser, a beam splitter, a high-speed photoelectric tube and a digital phase-locked loop which are sequentially connected, and the digital phase-locked loop is connected with the femtosecond laser; the clock source is connected with a digital phase-locked loop, and the digital phase-locked loop locks the femtosecond laser and the clock source; the femtosecond laser outputs a path of laser signal through the beam splitter, and obtains an electric pulse signal through a high-speed photoelectric tube, and the digital phase-locked loop locks the electric pulse signal to a clock source.
In order to better realize the invention, the optical fiber beam splitter further comprises a circulator, wherein the beam splitter is connected with the circulator; and inputting the locked femtosecond laser to an optical fiber through a beam splitter and a circulator, and carrying out bidirectional transmission on the optical signal between the A station and the B station through the optical fiber.
In order to better implement the invention, the device further comprises a time interval measurer, wherein the time interval measurer is connected with the circulator through a high-speed photoelectric tube and is connected with the time delay unit; and the clock source is respectively connected with the time delayer and the time interval measurer.
In order to better implement the invention, further, a high-speed photoelectric tube is used for converting an optical signal into an electrical pulse signal, and a time interval measurement is performed on the electrical pulse signal and a local reference to obtain a time delay signal of A- > B transmission or B- > A transmission, so as to calculate the time delay of the incoming light propagating in the optical fiber link, and an error signal is output by a time interval measurer and fed back to the time delay unit.
In order to better implement the present invention, the digital phase-locked loop further includes a time interval measurer, a waveform shaper, an atomic clock, a frequency multiplier, a PID controller, a digital-to-analog converter, and a high-voltage driver, the clock source is connected with the time interval measurer through the waveform shaper, and the waveform shaper is disposed between the time interval measurer and the high-speed photoelectric tube; the atomic clock is connected with the time interval measurer through the frequency multiplier; the time interval measurer is sequentially connected with the PID controller, the digital-to-analog converter, the high-voltage driver and the femtosecond laser.
In order to better realize the invention, the clock source and the pulse signal recovered by the high-speed phototube are respectively input into a waveform shaper for shaping to obtain the pulse signal in accordance with the digital signal standard, then are respectively sent into a time interval measurer which takes an atomic clock as a time base, the time interval measuring result is sent into a digital PID controller for realizing error regulation, an analog signal is obtained through a digital-to-analog converter, and finally the analog signal is fed back to a piezoelectric element of the femtosecond laser through a high-voltage driver, so that the frequency and the phase of the laser are adjusted, and the aim of phase locking the femtosecond laser and the clock source is fulfilled.
The invention realizes the synchronization between the station A and the station B, namely the electric pulse signals output by the station A and the station B reach a synchronous state, and the pulse rising edges are consistent under the common condition. The femtosecond laser, the clock source, the time interval measurer, the waveform shaper, the atomic clock, the frequency multiplier, the PID controller, the digital-to-analog converter and the high-voltage driver involved in the invention are all the prior art and are not the main improvement points of the invention, so the description is omitted.
The passive femtosecond laser adopted by the invention can output extremely narrow light pulse, and the pulse passes through the high-speed photoelectric tube to obtain an electric pulse signal with extremely steep rising edge. The electric pulse signal and the reference signal are used for measuring time intervals, so that the resolution below hundred picoseconds can be obtained, and further the synchronization of the precision below hundred picoseconds is realized. The pulse width of the optical pulse modulated by the continuous laser is far narrower than that of the femtosecond laser, the rising edge of the detected electric signal is limited, the realized time interval measurement is only the resolution of hundred picoseconds, and the finally achieved synchronization precision is not lower than hundred picoseconds.
The calculation process of the two-way comparison delay is as follows:
as shown in fig. 3, Δ t is A, B time delay difference between two stations, and the time delays of the transmitting and receiving devices of station a are taAnd raThe time delay of the B station transmitting and receiving equipment is t respectivelybAnd rbThe propagation delay of the path from the A station to the B station is tauaAnd the propagation delay of the path from the B station to the A station is taubThen the two time interval measurements are:
Ta=Δt+tb+τb+ra(1)
Tb=-Δt+ta+τa+rb(2)
because A, B the two stations have the same two-way propagation path, i.e., τa=τbFrom formulas (1) (2), it is possible to obtain:
Δt=（Ta-Tb）/2+（（tb+ra）-（ta+rb））/2
in the above formula taAnd raAnd t andband rbThe hardware time delay of the equipment can be calibrated in advance, and the time interval measurement value is known, so that the time difference deltat between two stations can be calculated. After the time difference between the two stations is obtained, the A station or the B station can adjust the output pulses between the two stations to be consistent through adjusting the delayer, and therefore synchronization is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the passive low-noise femtosecond laser to carry out fiber bidirectional comparison transmission, and utilizes the extremely narrow time domain pulse (up to hundreds of femtoseconds) of the passive femtosecond laser, thereby reducing the width of the synchronous pulse demodulated by photoelectric detection, leading the rising edge of the synchronous pulse to be steeper and reaching the sub-hundred picosecond magnitude. Under the condition, the time interval measurement is carried out on the demodulated pulse and the reference pulse signal before modulation, and the measured precision can be better than hundred picoseconds. Therefore, the synchronization precision of the synchronization system realized by taking the femtosecond laser as the carrier wave can be better than hundred picoseconds, and can reach dozens of picoseconds, even ten picoseconds.
(2) The femtosecond laser utilized by the scheme can fundamentally solve the problem of time interval measurement resolution, and further realize the synchronization between the two stations below hundred picoseconds, which is a great innovation of the invention.
(3) The digital phase-locked loop has the obvious advantages that the femtosecond laser can be locked to an external clock source, and the zero-phase absolute synchronous locking for a super-long time is realized.
(4) In the structure of the phase-locked loop, the use of a PID unit and an atomic clock is innovative, and the PID can adjust the absolute precision of phase locking, namely zero-degree phase locking can be realized, so that the femtosecond laser output and a clock source really achieve the absolute phase zero error; the time interval measurer adopts an atomic clock as a reference, and due to the extremely high stability of the atomic clock, the structure can realize phase locking for a very long time. Taking ordinary rubidium atoms as an example, the phase locking can still be kept stable in months.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a femtosecond laser-based fiber bidirectional comparison synchronization structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a digital phase-locked loop structure;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of bidirectional comparison synchronization delay calculation.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
an optical fiber synchronization system based on femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison is shown in fig. 1 and comprises a station A and a station B which are identical in structure, wherein the station A and the station B respectively adopt a femtosecond laser to carry out optical fiber bidirectional comparison transmission, time interval measurement is carried out on a demodulated pulse signal and a reference pulse signal before modulation, an error signal is output and fed back to a time delayer to adjust output time delay, and finally synchronization between the two stations A, B is achieved.
According to the invention, firstly, a femtosecond laser is adopted to improve the synchronization precision, the passive low-noise femtosecond laser is adopted to carry out optical fiber bidirectional comparison transmission, and the passive femtosecond laser is utilized to reduce the width of a synchronization pulse demodulated by photoelectric detection, so that the rising edge of the synchronization pulse is steeper and reaches the sub-hundred picosecond magnitude.
Secondly, the invention further realizes the random synchronization between the two stations by combining the scheme of bidirectional comparison. The existing femtosecond laser synchronization technology mostly adopts one-way round-trip transmission, can only realize the synchronization from a master station to a slave station, and cannot realize any synchronization between two stations. The invention adopts the two-way synchronization of the femtosecond laser, and can realize any synchronization between two stations. The invention breaks through the limitation of the existing optical fiber bidirectional synchronous system based on the continuous laser on the time interval measurement precision of hundreds of picoseconds, and can improve the original synchronous precision from hundreds of picoseconds to dozens of picoseconds.
The passive femtosecond laser adopted by the invention can output extremely narrow light pulse, and the pulse passes through the high-speed photoelectric tube to obtain an electric pulse signal with extremely steep rising edge. The electric pulse signal and the reference signal are used for measuring time intervals, so that the resolution below hundred picoseconds can be obtained, and further the synchronization of the precision below hundred picoseconds is realized. The pulse width of the optical pulse modulated by the continuous laser is far narrower than that of the femtosecond laser, the rising edge of the detected electric signal is limited, the realized time interval measurement is only the resolution of hundred picoseconds, and the finally achieved synchronization precision is not lower than hundred picoseconds.
Example 2:
the embodiment is optimized on the basis of embodiment 1, the station a and the station B respectively comprise a clock source, a femtosecond laser, a beam splitter, a high-speed photoelectric tube and a digital phase-locked loop, which are sequentially connected, and the digital phase-locked loop is connected with the femtosecond laser; the clock source is connected with a digital phase-locked loop, and the digital phase-locked loop locks the femtosecond laser and the clock source; the femtosecond laser outputs a path of laser signal through the beam splitter, and obtains an electric pulse signal through a high-speed photoelectric tube, and the digital phase-locked loop locks the electric pulse signal to a clock source. The beam splitter is connected with the circulator; and inputting the locked femtosecond laser to an optical fiber through a beam splitter and a circulator, and carrying out bidirectional transmission on the optical signal between the A station and the B station through the optical fiber. The time interval measurer is connected with the circulator through the high-speed photoelectric tube and is connected with the time delay device; and the clock source is respectively connected with the time delayer and the time interval measurer. The digital phase-locked loop has the obvious advantages that the femtosecond laser can be locked to an external clock source, and the zero-phase absolute synchronous locking for a super-long time is realized.
As shown in FIG. 1, the A station and the B station have the same structure, and each station has a low repetition frequency, and a 1550nm wavelength passive femtosecond laser with the frequency of 10kHz or lower can be adopted. Firstly, a beam splitter is used for respectively outputting a laser signal at two stations, a high-speed photoelectric tube is used for obtaining an electric pulse signal, and then a digital phase-locked loop is used for respectively locking the electric pulses of the two lasers to clock sources of the station A and the station B. And then the locked femtosecond laser of the station A and the station B is sent into the optical fiber through the beam splitter and the circulator, the optical signal of the station A is sent to the station B through the optical fiber, and the optical signal of the station B is sent to the station A through the optical fiber, so that the bidirectional transmission is realized.
And in the B station, converting the optical signal transmitted by the A station into an electric pulse signal by using a high-speed photoelectric tube, and measuring the time interval with a local reference to obtain a time delay signal transmitted by A- > B. Similarly, in the station A, the optical signal sent by the station B is converted into an electric pulse signal by using a high-speed photoelectric tube, and the electric pulse signal and the local reference are measured at a time interval to obtain a time delay signal transmitted by B- > A. After the two delay signals are obtained by using a bidirectional comparison method, the delay of the propagation of the incoming light in the optical fiber link can be calculated, an error signal is output by a time interval measurer and fed back to a delay unit to adjust the output delay (adjustable A and adjustable B), and finally the synchronization between A, B two stations is realized.
Other parts of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, and thus are not described again.
Example 3:
the embodiment is optimized on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, the digital phase-locked loop comprises a time interval measurer, a waveform shaper, an atomic clock, a frequency multiplier, a PID controller, a digital-to-analog converter and a high-voltage driver, the clock source is connected with the time interval measurer through the waveform shaper, and the waveform shaper is arranged between the time interval measurer and the high-speed photoelectric tube; the atomic clock is connected with the time interval measurer through the frequency multiplier; the time interval measurer is sequentially connected with the PID controller, the digital-to-analog converter, the high-voltage driver and the femtosecond laser.
In the structure of the phase-locked loop, the use of a PID unit and an atomic clock is innovative, and the PID can adjust the absolute precision of phase locking, namely zero-degree phase locking can be realized, so that the femtosecond laser output and a clock source really achieve the absolute phase zero error; the time interval measurer adopts an atomic clock as a reference, and due to the extremely high stability of the atomic clock, the structure can realize phase locking for a very long time. Taking ordinary rubidium atoms as an example, the phase locking can still be kept stable in months.
As shown in fig. 2, the passive femtosecond laser is phase-locked to the clock source by a digital phase-locked loop. Firstly, the clock source and the pulse signal recovered by the photoelectric tube are shaped to obtain the pulse signal in accordance with the digital signal standard, and then the pulse signals are respectively sent to a time interval measurer using an atomic clock as a time base. And sending the accurate time interval measurement result to a digital PID controller to realize error regulation, obtaining an analog signal through a digital-to-analog converter, and finally feeding back the analog signal to a piezoelectric element of the passive femtosecond laser through high-voltage driving to adjust the frequency and the phase of the laser so as to achieve the purpose of phase locking between the femtosecond laser and a clock source.
The rest of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 1 or 2, and therefore, the description thereof is omitted.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The optical fiber synchronization system based on femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison is characterized by comprising a station A and a station B which have the same structure, wherein the station A and the station B respectively adopt a femtosecond laser to carry out optical fiber bidirectional comparison transmission, time interval measurement is carried out on a demodulated pulse signal and a reference pulse signal before modulation, an error signal is output and fed back to a time delay unit to adjust output time delay, and finally synchronization between the two stations A, B is realized.
2. The femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison-based optical fiber synchronization system according to claim 1, wherein the station a and the station B respectively comprise a clock source, and a femtosecond laser, a beam splitter, a high-speed photoelectric tube, and a digital phase-locked loop, which are connected in sequence, and the digital phase-locked loop is connected with the femtosecond laser; the clock source is connected with a digital phase-locked loop, and the digital phase-locked loop locks the femtosecond laser and the clock source; the femtosecond laser outputs a path of laser signal through the beam splitter, and obtains an electric pulse signal through a high-speed photoelectric tube, and the digital phase-locked loop locks the electric pulse signal to a clock source.
3. The femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison-based optical fiber synchronization system as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a circulator, wherein the beam splitter is connected with the circulator; and inputting the locked femtosecond laser to an optical fiber through a beam splitter and a circulator, and carrying out bidirectional transmission on the optical signal between the A station and the B station through the optical fiber.
4. The femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison-based optical fiber synchronization system as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a time interval measurer, wherein the time interval measurer is connected with the circulator through a high-speed photoelectric tube and is connected with the time delay unit; and the clock source is respectively connected with the time delayer and the time interval measurer.
5. The femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison-based optical fiber synchronization system according to claim 4, wherein a high-speed photoelectric tube is used to convert an optical signal into an electrical pulse signal, and a time interval measurement is performed with a local reference to obtain a time delay signal of a- > B transmission or B- > a transmission, so as to calculate the time delay of the light propagating in the optical fiber link, and an error signal is output by a time interval measurer and fed back to the time delay unit.
6. The femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison-based optical fiber synchronization system according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the digital phase-locked loop comprises a time interval measurer, a waveform shaper, an atomic clock, a frequency multiplier, a PID controller, a digital-to-analog converter, and a high-voltage driver, the clock source is connected with the time interval measurer through the waveform shaper, and the waveform shaper is arranged between the time interval measurer and the high-speed photoelectric tube; the atomic clock is connected with the time interval measurer through the frequency multiplier; the time interval measurer is sequentially connected with the PID controller, the digital-to-analog converter, the high-voltage driver and the femtosecond laser.
7. The femtosecond laser bidirectional comparison-based optical fiber synchronization system according to claim 6, wherein the clock source and the pulse signal recovered by the high-speed photoelectric tube are respectively input to a waveform shaper for shaping to obtain a pulse signal conforming to a digital signal standard, and then are respectively input to a time interval measurer using an atomic clock as a time base, and the time interval measurement result is input to a digital PID controller for error adjustment, and is then fed back to a piezoelectric element of the femtosecond laser through a digital-to-analog converter to obtain an analog signal, and finally, the frequency and phase of the femtosecond laser are adjusted to achieve the purpose of phase locking between the femtosecond laser and the clock source.
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| CN112039622A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-04 | 成都金诺信高科技有限公司 | Underwater time synchronization system and method based on bidirectional time comparison |
| CN112702134A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-23 | 北京邮电大学 | Bidirectional time synchronization device, system and method |
| CN112751614A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-04 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Attosecond-level optical fiber time transfer method based on two stations |
| CN113645004A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2021-11-12 | 成都金诺信高科技有限公司 | Comparison method of high-precision bidirectional time-frequency comparison system based on pulse width modulation |
| CN115225246A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-21 | 北京邮电大学 | Phase modulation bidirectional time synchronization device, method and system |
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| CN113645004B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2021-12-17 | 成都金诺信高科技有限公司 | Comparison method of high-precision bidirectional time-frequency comparison system based on pulse width modulation |
| CN115225246A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-21 | 北京邮电大学 | Phase modulation bidirectional time synchronization device, method and system |
| CN115225246B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2023-12-01 | 北京邮电大学 | Phase modulation bidirectional time synchronization device, method and system |
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