CN103634093A - Microwave distance measurement and time synchronization system and method based on frequency synchronization - Google Patents
Microwave distance measurement and time synchronization system and method based on frequency synchronization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave distance measurement and time synchronization system based on frequency synchronization. The microwave distance measurement and time synchronization system comprises a transmitting station and a receiving station, wherein the transmitting station is used for transmitting microwave signals and clock reference signals, receiving the microwave signals returned by the receiving station, carrying out phase comparison on transmitting signals and reflecting signals to generate error signals, feedbacking and controlling the microwave transmitting frequency, realizing variable-frequency locking and further measuring the transmission distance between the transmitting station and the receiving station in real time; the receiving station is used for receiving the microwave signals and the clock reference signals, and returning a part of received microwave signals to the transmitting station; the frequency of the received microwave signals can be measured at the receiving station, the transmission distance between the transmitting station and the receiving station also can be measured in real time at the receiving station, and further the time delay of transmission is determined; after the clock signals with time delay of transmission are received at the receiving station, the clock signals are compared with a clock signal source arranged at the receiving station, and the time synchronization between the transmitting station and the receiving station is realized by carrying out real-time time-delay adjustment on the clock signal source at the receiving station.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microwave transmission field, especially, relate to a kind of tellurometer survey and clock synchronization system and method based on Frequency Synchronization.
Background technology
For the transmission system of temporal frequency, the at present transmission of conventional frequency signal with synchronize adopted method and mainly contain clock carrying method, satellite common vision method (CV), the two-way temporal frequency TRANSFER METHOD of satellite (TWSTFT) etc.Wherein, except clock carrying method, other several methods all will rely on the transmission of satellite.The sky stability of these transmission methods can only reach 10 at present
-15the magnitude in/sky, cannot meet the accurate transmission of frequency time signal and the user's request that high accuracy is used.
Another granted patent of applicant of the present invention (patent No.: ZL 201110186493.9) has been introduced a kind of system and method for realizing the microwave frequency signal transmission of overlength baseline (distance) by optical fiber.This system has adopted the method for the noise of Active Compensation optical fiber link, by the compensation to the phase noise of fiber transmission link (especially extra long distance), has realized the transmission of the microwave frequency signal of high accuracy, high stability, and within its day, stability can reach 10
-18the magnitude in/sky.
Compare the method for utilizing satellite passing time frequency, although above-mentioned microwave frequency signal fiber optic transmission system has very high transmission stability, but can run into various user demand in actual application, region outside fiber optic network covers, such as vacant lot, absolutely empty, complex-terrain etc., the equipment in these places just cannot utilize Optical Fiber Transmission and synchronous frequency signal, has limited the scope of application of the time-frequency transmission system based on optical fiber.
Another patent applied for of the present patent application people (number of patent application 201310467522.8) has been introduced and a kind ofly at free space, has been realized microwave frequency signal transmission and the method for synchronizeing, the method can adopt free space as the transmission medium of microwave frequency signal, realizes the synchronous of microwave frequency signal between different websites.In addition, above-mentioned patent, by implementing phase noise detection and compensation technique, realizes the compensation to the phase noise of free space transmission link, and the frequency signal that can realize long-range network transmits and synchronizes.Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this system.In this system, in cell site, by reference frequency source, provided with reference to microwave frequency, by transmitting compensation arrangement, pass through transmission antennas transmit upstream frequency signal, the downstream frequency signal that reception is returned, and utilize the phase noise of introducing with reference to the downstream frequency signal Active Compensation frequency signal of microwave frequency and reception in free space transmission process.The phase noise that wherein utilizes the downstream frequency signal Active Compensation frequency signal of reference frequency signal and reception to introduce in free space transmission process, specifically realize in the following manner:
In cell site, produce respectively the first auxiliary compensating signal and the second auxiliary compensating signal that phase place is locked in reference frequency source, its frequency is respectively l ω
r, n ω
r, ω wherein
rfor reference frequency source frequency, produce upstream frequency signal and downstream frequency signal that phase place locks mutually simultaneously, its frequency is respectively k ω
0, m ω
0, ω
0with ω
rapproximately equal and adjustable, l, m, n is not identical positive number, and meets the mathematical relationship of l+n=2m, k is the positive number that is different from m.The frequency signal V that cell site is produced by the first auxiliary compensating signal Yu cell site
4mixing produces compensating error signal V
e1, by second, assist the downstream frequency signal mixing that compensating signal Yu You receiving station returns to produce compensating error signal V
e2, finally by V
e1and V
e2mixing produces compensating error signal V
efrequency and the phase place of ，Lai FEEDBACK CONTROL cell site upstream frequency signal, realize the compensation of free space transmission being introduced to phase noise.
In receiving station, for receiving the upstream frequency signal with phase noise by reception antenna, by frequency conversion locking device, servo frequency source phase place is locked in to upstream frequency signal, and produce downstream frequency signal return that phase place is locked in upstream frequency signal to ，Gong cell site, cell site Active Compensation phase noise.Wherein produce the downstream frequency signal that phase place is locked in upstream frequency signal, specifically realize in the following manner: in receiving station, the servo frequency source identical with above-mentioned reference frequency source frequency is set, produce the frequency signal that phase place is locked in this servo frequency source, its frequency equates with upstream frequency signal approximation.Itself and the upstream frequency with phase noise in free space transmission receiving are carried out than producing mutually error signal, utilizing this error signal to control servo frequency source makes the phase place in servo frequency source be locked in upstream frequency signal, and phase place is locked in another frequency source generation downstream frequency signal in servo frequency source, be back to cell site.
In the communications field, between communication base station, for frequency and time synchronized, have very high demand at present, existing solution is equal GP configuring S receiver in each base station equipment.But by install GPS module additional in each base station, to solve base station temporal frequency synchronous, has precision and safety issue.Adopt prior art, the stability of Frequency Synchronization is about 10
-8～10
-9/ second.Because the transmission rate of the data of building a station and the precision of Frequency Synchronization are directly proportional, therefore want further to improve the traffic rate of base station, high-precision temporal frequency is synchronously the problem that must solve.In addition, gps system is developed and is controlled by US military, can carry out the deteriorated setting of Local Property and restriction use, under special situation, can bring potential safety hazard to whole network operation.Therefore need research badly the method for split-second precision Frequency Transfer is provided by ground transmission.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect existing in prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of tellurometer survey and clock synchronization system and method based on Frequency Synchronization.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of tellurometer survey and clock synchronization system based on Frequency Synchronization proposed, this system comprises cell site and receiving station, wherein cell site and receiving station's holding frequency are synchronous, there is identical frequency reference, wherein, cell site is for launched microwave signal and clock reference signal, and receive the microwave signal returned by receiving station, to transmit and carry out than producing mutually error signal with reflected signal, the frequency of FEEDBACK CONTROL launched microwave, realizes frequency conversion locking, and then measures in real time the transmission range between cell site and receiving station, receiving station is used for receiving microwave signal and clock reference signal, and return to microwave signal that a part receives to cell site, the microwave signal frequency receiving in receiving station's measurement, because receiving station and cell site have identical frequency reference, therefore in receiving station, also can measure in real time the transmission range between cell site and receiving station, and then definite propagation delay time, in receiving station, receive after the clock signal with propagation delay time, itself and the signal source of clock that is located at receiving station are compared, by receiving station's place's signal source of clock is carried out to real-time delay adjusting, realize the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of tellurometer survey and method for synchronizing time based on Frequency Synchronization also proposed, for the transmission range between cell site and receiving station is measured, the line time of going forward side by side is synchronous, wherein cell site and receiving station's holding frequency are synchronous, have identical frequency reference, the method comprising the steps of: the microwave rf generator of cell site produces microwave signal and clock reference signal, and cell site sends to receiving station through transmitting antenna by this microwave signal and clock reference signal; The reflecting antenna of the receiving station in the future microwave signal at spontaneous emission station is partly back to cell site; The microwave signal that the microwave signal that the ratio facies unit of cell site produces microwave rf generator and receiving station reflect is carried out mixing; The microwave frequency of cell site using the signal after mixing as the microwave rf generator of error signal FEEDBACK CONTROL cell site; The first frequency signal recording by the first frequency measuring instrument being connected with the microwave rf generator of cell site, and the second frequency signal that records of the second frequency measuring instrument being connected with the reflecting antenna of receiving station, can record in real time the transmission range between cell site and receiving station, and then definite propagation delay time; In receiving station, receive after the clock signal with propagation delay time, itself and the signal source of clock that is located at receiving station are compared, by receiving station's place's signal source of clock is carried out to real-time delay adjusting, realize the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
The scheme proposing according to the present invention, is utilizing in the existing technical foundation that realizes Frequency Synchronization between website, and the scheme that can lock by frequency conversion is measured in real time to microwave transmission distance between website, thereby determines microwave transmission time delay between website in real time.Further, by regulating timing reference input, can realize the time synchronized between website.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The system construction drawing of Frequency Synchronization between Tu1Shi existing techniques in realizing cell site and receiving station.
Fig. 2 is the microwave ranging system structure chart that the present invention is based on Frequency Synchronization.
Fig. 3 is tellurometer survey and the time synchronous system architecture figure that the present invention is based on Frequency Synchronization.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more cheer and bright, below in conjunction with embodiment and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 2 is the microwave ranging system structure chart that the present invention is based on Frequency Synchronization.The present invention utilizes microwave frequency conversion locking to find range at free space.With reference to Fig. 2, between cell site and receiving station, be wherein that the synchronous ，Ji cell site of holding frequency and receiving station have identical microwave frequency benchmark.In prior art, there is the multiple method that realizes Frequency Synchronization between website, for example clock carrying method, satellite common vision method (CV), the two-way temporal frequency TRANSFER METHOD of satellite (TWSTFT), and the free space frequency signal transmission of the invention described above applicant proposition and synchronous method etc., and implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.Owing to realizing Frequency Synchronization between website, not the content that the present invention will study, therefore at this, do not describe in detail.
As shown in Figure 2, the microwave ranging system based on Frequency Synchronization of the present invention comprises cell site and receiving station.Cell site further comprises microwave rf generator, than facies unit, transmitting antenna and first frequency measuring instrument, receiving station further comprises reflecting antenna, microwave receiving device and second frequency measuring instrument.Cell site and receiving station can be all the websites such as mobile communication base station, and are not limited to this.
Wherein between cell site and receiving station's two websites, signal transmission distance is D, comprises the time delay that space length between website and all cables in transmission path and device are introduced.Place, cell site is provided with transmitting antenna, and receiving station place is provided with reflecting antenna.
At place, cell site, by microwave rf generator, produce the microwave signal that frequency is w, its signal can be expressed as:
V
1=A
1cos(wt+φ
1)
Wherein, A
1the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
1the initial phase that represents signal.
Signal V
1by place, cell site transmitting antenna, sent, after transmission range D, arrive receiving station's place's reflecting antenna.There is following relational expression:
D=(N+φ
c/2π)·λ
Wherein D is transmission range.N is a certain unknown integer, represents the number of cycles number of microwave wavelength in transmission range, φ
cthe excess phase part that represents a wavelength of less than in transmission range, λ represents to transmit the wavelength of microwave signal.
Above-mentioned microwave signal is received and is reflected by reflecting antenna at receiving station place.The microwave signal that receiving station place receives can be expressed as:
V
2=A
2cos(wt+φ
2)
Wherein, A
2the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
2the phase place that represents signal.φ
2with φ
1there is following relation:
φ
2=φ
1+φ
c
The above-mentioned microwave signal that reflected by receiving station's reflecting antenna is returned to through same transmission path the reflected signal that Chu， cell site, cell site receives and can be expressed as:
V
3=A
3cos(wt+φ
3)
Wherein, A
3the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
3the phase place that represents signal.φ
3with φ
1there is following relation:
φ
3=φ
1+2φ
c
It should be noted that in above-mentioned relation, ignored the phase delay that transmission cable and microwave device are introduced, do like this and be equivalent to be calculated the part at transmission range D, this mentions in before to the definition of D.
In cell site, by by the reflected signal V receiving
3with the V that transmits
1mixing, can obtain:
V
4=A
4cos(φ
3-φ
1)=A
4cos(2φ
c)
A wherein
4the amplitude that represents mixed frequency signal, from above formula, V
4to be proportional to cos (2 φ
c) direct current signal, by by V
4as error signal, the microwave frequency w of FEEDBACK CONTROL microwave rf generator, (for example microwave rf generator is voltage controlled oscillator, by its output frequency of voltage signal FEEDBACK CONTROL, and implementation of the present invention is not limited to this) realize the frequency conversion locking of whole transmission link, can obtain:
cos(2φ
c)=1
Also: φ
c=0
Now, transmission range D is the rear transmission wavelength λ of locking
1integral multiple:
D=N·λ
1
Then, by continuously change the mode of microwave transmission signal wavelength in cell site, can obtain adjacent wavelength locking λ
2, meet:
D=(N-1)·λ
2
Suppose λ herein
2> λ
1, in fact, if λ
2< λ
1, N-1 correspondingly becomes N+1, conclusion of the present invention is not exerted an influence, so implementation method of the present invention is not limited to this.
By above two formula simultaneous, can be obtained:
D=N·λ
1=(N-1)·λ
2
By above formula, can be obtained:
N=λ
2/(λ
2-λ
1)
D=λ
1λ
2/(λ
2-λ
1)
According to wavelength and frequency relation f λ=c(wherein c be velocity of electromagnetic wave in atmosphere, can think constant), can obtain:
N=f
1/(f
1-f
2)
D=c/(f
1-f
2)
Known according to above formula, between cell site and receiving station transmission range D only with locking frequency f
1and f
2relevant, owing to being Frequency Synchronization between cell site and receiving station, there is identical frequency reference.Therefore in cell site and receiving station frequency measuring equipment is set respectively, can determine thus f
1and f
2thereby, determine transmission cycle N and transmission range D.
Be different from other distance-finding methods, the frequency conversion locking ranging scheme based on Frequency Synchronization that the present invention proposes can realize real time distance ，Ji cell site and receiving station records transmission range and propagation delay time simultaneously.
Range accuracy:
ΔD=c/(f
1-f
2)
2·Δf=D
2/c·Δf
Survey time delay precision:
ΔT=ΔD/c
From above formula, its range accuracy Δ D of method that the present invention proposes and distance B square, and frequency-measurement accuracy Δ f is proportional.Take measuring distance D as 10
3m magnitude, frequency-measurement accuracy Δ f is in Hz magnitude as estimation, and range accuracy Δ D can reach 3x10
-3m magnitude, corresponding latency measurement precision Δ T can reach 10ps magnitude.
Fig. 3 has illustrated realizing the synchronous method of the tellurometer survey enterprising line time in basis.
Tu3Zhong， cell site has increased by the first clock signal reference source on the basis of ranging system shown in Fig. 2, is directly connected, for transmit clock reference signal with transmitting antenna.Receiving station has increased clock signal receiving system and second clock reference source on the basis of ranging system shown in Fig. 2, for receiving the clock reference signal with time delay, and second clock reference source is regulated in real time, with this, realizes time synchronized.Wherein, in receiving station, clock signal receiving system is directly connected with antenna, and second clock reference source is connected to clock signal receiving system.Clock synchronization system and range finding have same transmit antenna and transmission path, so between cell site and receiving station, signal transmission distance is still D, can accurately determine.With upper similar, transmission range D comprises the time delay that in free space between cell site and receiving station distance and transmission path, all cables and device are introduced.
Place, cell site is provided with the first clock signal reference source, and it can be any device that produces clock reference signal, for example second pulse generator or hydrogen atomic clock.The clock reference signal being produced by the first timing reference input is T
0, this reference signal is carried out free space transmission ， receiving station by the transmission path identical with frequency conversion locking range finding and is received by clock signal receiving system.
The clock signal receiving at receiving station place is:
T
0+ΔT
In above formula, the time delay that clock reference signal increases after transmission path is Δ T, meets relation:
ΔT=D/c
Wherein D is transmission range, and the tellurometer survey method being proposed by the present invention can be determined by precision real time measuring; C is free space velocity of electromagnetic wave.
In receiving station, receive after clock signal, itself and the second clock reference source that is located at receiving station are compared, by receiving station's place's second clock reference source is carried out to real-time delay adjusting, can realize the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.Estimation according to frequency conversion ranging unit to range accuracy and time delay precision, take measuring distance D as 10
3m magnitude, frequency-measurement accuracy Δ f is in Hz magnitude as estimation, and range accuracy Δ D can reach 3x10
-3m magnitude, corresponding latency measurement precision Δ T can reach 10ps magnitude.
In addition, the invention allows for a kind of tellurometer survey and method for synchronizing time based on Frequency Synchronization, the method is to be realized by the above-mentioned tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and clock synchronization system.The method is for measuring the transmission range between cell site and receiving station, and the line time of going forward side by side is synchronous.It is synchronous that wherein cell site and receiving station utilize prior art holding frequency, has identical frequency reference, and the method comprising the steps of:
The microwave rf generator of cell site produces microwave signal, and cell site sends to receiving station through transmitting antenna by this microwave signal; The reflecting antenna of the receiving station in the future microwave signal at spontaneous emission station is reflected back cell site; The microwave signal that the microwave signal that the ratio facies unit of cell site produces microwave rf generator and receiving station reflect is carried out mixing; The microwave frequency of cell site using the signal after mixing as the microwave rf generator of error signal FEEDBACK CONTROL cell site; The first frequency signal recording by the first frequency measuring instrument being connected with the microwave rf generator of cell site, and the second frequency signal that records of the second frequency measuring instrument being connected with the reflecting antenna of receiving station, try to achieve the transmission range between cell site and receiving station.
At place, cell site, by microwave rf generator, produce the microwave signal that frequency is w, its signal can be expressed as: V
1=A
1cos (wt+ φ
1), wherein, A
1the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
1the initial phase that represents signal, signal V
1transmitting antenna by cell site sends, and arrives receiving station's place's reflecting antenna after transmission range D, has following relational expression: D=(N+ φ
c/ 2 π) λ, N is a certain unknown integer, represents the number of cycles number of microwave wavelength in transmission range, φ
cthe excess phase part that represents a wavelength of less than in transmission range, λ represents the wavelength of signal transmission; Above-mentioned microwave signal is received and is reflected by reflecting antenna at receiving station place, and the microwave signal that receiving station place receives can be expressed as: V
2=A
2cos (wt+ φ
2), wherein, A
2the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
2the phase place that represents signal, φ
2with φ
1there is following relation: φ
2=φ
1+ φ
c; The microwave signal that reflected by receiving station's reflecting antenna is returned to through same transmission path the reflected signal that Chu， cell site, cell site receives and is expressed as: V
3=A
3cos (wt+ φ
3), wherein, A
3the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
3the phase place that represents signal, φ
3with φ
1there is following relation: φ
3=φ
1+ 2 φ
c.
In cell site, by by the reflected signal V receiving
3with the V that transmits
1mixing, obtains: V
4=A
4cos (φ
3-φ
1)=A
4cos (2 φ
c), V
4to be proportional to cos (2 φ
c) direct current signal, by by V
4as error signal, the microwave frequency w of FEEDBACK CONTROL microwave rf generator, realizes the frequency conversion locking of whole transmission link, thereby obtains: cos (2 φ
c)=1, transmission range D is the rear transmission wavelength λ of locking
1integral multiple: D=N λ
1.
Wherein continuously change transmission wavelength, obtain adjacent wavelength locking λ
2, meet: D=(N-1) λ
2, suppose λ
2> λ
1, obtain: D=N λ
1=(N-1) λ
2, further obtain: N=λ
2/ (λ
2-λ
1), D=λ
1λ
2/ (λ
2-λ
1), according to wavelength and frequency relation f λ=c, wherein c is velocity of electromagnetic wave in atmosphere, obtains: N=f
1/ (f
1-f
2), D=c/ (f
1-f
2), f wherein
1and f
2value all can directly record ，Ji cell site and receiving station all can the real time measure transmission range by first frequency measuring instrument and second frequency measuring instrument
The the first clock signal reference source arranging by cell site produces reference time signal T
0, this reference signal T
0by carrying out free space transmission ， receiving station with the identical transmission path of the described microwave signal of transmission, by clock signal receiving system, receive the clock signal that ， receiving station place receives and be: T
0+ Δ T, the time delay that clock signal increases after transmission path is Δ T, meet relation: Δ T=D/c, wherein D is transmission range, c is that free space velocity of electromagnetic wave ， receiving station receives after clock signal, and itself and the second clock reference source that is located at receiving station are compared, by receiving station's place's second clock reference source is carried out to real-time delay adjusting, realize the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. the tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and a clock synchronization system, this system comprises cell site and receiving station, wherein cell site and receiving station's holding frequency are synchronous, have identical frequency reference, wherein,
Cell site is for launched microwave signal and clock reference signal, and receive the microwave signal returned by receiving station, to transmit and carry out than producing mutually error signal with reflected signal, the frequency of FEEDBACK CONTROL launched microwave, realize frequency conversion locking, and then measure in real time the transmission range between cell site and receiving station;
Receiving station is used for receiving microwave signal and clock reference signal, and return to microwave signal that a part receives to cell site, the microwave signal frequency receiving in receiving station's measurement, because receiving station and cell site have identical frequency reference, therefore in receiving station, also can measure in real time the transmission range between cell site and receiving station, and then definite propagation delay time, in receiving station, receive after the clock signal with propagation delay time, itself and the signal source of clock that is located at receiving station are compared, by receiving station's place's signal source of clock is carried out to real-time delay adjusting, realize the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
2. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, cell site further comprises microwave rf generator, compare facies unit, transmitting antenna and first frequency measuring instrument, receiving station further comprises reflecting antenna, microwave receiving device and second frequency measuring instrument, the microwave rf generator of cell site produces microwave signal, transmitting antenna sends to receiving station by this microwave signal, the reflecting antenna of receiving station is reflected back cell site by a part from the microwave signal of cell site, the microwave signal that the microwave signal that the ratio facies unit of cell site produces microwave rf generator and receiving station reflect is carried out mixing, microwave frequency using the signal after mixing as error signal FEEDBACK CONTROL microwave rf generator, first frequency measuring instrument is connected with microwave rf generator, second frequency measuring instrument is connected with the microwave receiving device of receiving station, according to the frequency of first frequency measuring instrument and the acquisition of second frequency measuring instrument, try to achieve the transmission range between cell site and receiving station.
3. system according to claim 2, is characterized in that place, ， cell site, by microwave rf generator, produces the microwave signal that frequency is w, and its signal can be expressed as: V
1=A
1cos (wt+ φ
1), wherein, A
1the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
1the initial phase that represents signal, signal V
1transmitting antenna by cell site sends, and arrives receiving station's place's reflecting antenna after transmission range D, has following relational expression: D=(N+ φ
c/ 2 π) λ, N is a certain unknown integer, represents the number of cycles number of microwave wavelength in transmission range, φ
cthe excess phase part that represents a wavelength of less than in transmission range, λ represents the wavelength of signal transmission;
Above-mentioned microwave signal is received and is reflected by reflecting antenna at receiving station place, and the microwave signal that receiving station place receives can be expressed as: V
2=A
2cos (wt+ φ
2), wherein, A
2the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
2the phase place that represents signal, φ
2with φ
1there is following relation: φ
2=φ
1+ φ
c;
The microwave signal that reflected by receiving station's reflecting antenna is returned to through same transmission path the reflected signal that Chu， cell site, cell site receives and is expressed as: V
3=A
3cos (wt+ φ
3), wherein, A
3the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
3the phase place that represents signal, φ
3with φ
1there is following relation: φ
3=φ
1+ 2 φ
c.
4. system according to claim 3, is characterized in that ， cell site, by by the reflected signal V receiving
3with the V that transmits
1mixing, obtains: V
4=A
4cos (φ
3-φ
1)=A
4cos (2 φ
c), V
4to be proportional to cos (2 φ
c) direct current signal, by by V
4as error signal, the microwave frequency w of FEEDBACK CONTROL microwave rf generator, realizes the frequency conversion locking of whole transmission link, thereby realizes: transmission range D is the rear transmission wavelength λ of locking
1integral multiple: D=N λ
1.
5. system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, continuously changes transmission wavelength, obtains adjacent wavelength locking λ
2, meet: D=(N-1) λ
2, suppose λ
2> λ
1, obtain: D=N λ
1=(N-1) λ
2, further obtain: N=λ
2/ (λ
2-λ
1), D=λ
1λ
2/ (λ
2-λ
1), according to wavelength and frequency relation f λ=c, wherein c is velocity of electromagnetic wave in atmosphere, obtains: N=f
1/ (f
1-f
2), D=c/ (f
1-f
2), f wherein
1and f
2value all can by first frequency measuring instrument and second frequency measuring instrument directly record ，Ji cell site and receiving station all can the real time measure transmission range in addition, if reduce transmission wavelength, i.e. λ
2< λ
1, can obtain N=f equally
1/ (f
2-f
1), D=c/ (f
2-f
1).
6. according to the system described in claim 1-5 any one, it is characterized in that, cell site further comprises the first clock signal reference source, for generation of reference time signal T
0, this reference signal T
0by carrying out free space transmission ， receiving station with the identical transmission path of the described microwave signal of transmission, by clock signal receiving system, receive the clock signal that ， receiving station place receives and be: T
0+ Δ T, the time delay that clock signal increases after transmission path is Δ T, meet relation: Δ T=D/c, wherein D is transmission range, c is that free space velocity of electromagnetic wave ， receiving station receives after clock signal, and itself and the second clock reference source that is located at receiving station are compared, by receiving station's place's second clock reference source is carried out to real-time delay adjusting, realize the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
7. tellurometer survey and the method for synchronizing time based on Frequency Synchronization, for the transmission range between cell site and receiving station is measured, the line time of going forward side by side is synchronous, and wherein cell site and receiving station's holding frequency are synchronous, have identical frequency reference, the method comprising the steps of:
The microwave rf generator of cell site produces microwave signal and clock reference signal, and cell site sends to receiving station through transmitting antenna by this microwave signal and clock reference signal;
The reflecting antenna of the receiving station in the future microwave signal at spontaneous emission station is partly back to cell site;
The microwave signal that the microwave signal that the ratio facies unit of cell site produces microwave rf generator and receiving station reflect is carried out mixing;
The microwave frequency of cell site using the signal after mixing as the microwave rf generator of error signal FEEDBACK CONTROL cell site;
The first frequency signal recording by the first frequency measuring instrument being connected with the microwave rf generator of cell site, and the second frequency signal that records of the second frequency measuring instrument being connected with the reflecting antenna of receiving station, can record in real time the transmission range between cell site and receiving station, and then definite propagation delay time;
In receiving station, receive after the clock signal with propagation delay time, itself and the signal source of clock that is located at receiving station are compared, by receiving station's place's signal source of clock is carried out to real-time delay adjusting, realize the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that place, ， cell site, by microwave rf generator, produces the microwave signal that frequency is w, and its signal can be expressed as: V
1=A
1cos (wt+ φ
1), wherein, A
1the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
1the initial phase that represents signal, signal V
1transmitting antenna by cell site sends, and arrives receiving station's place's reflecting antenna after transmission range D, has following relational expression: D=(N+ φ
c/ 2 π) λ, N is a certain unknown integer, represents the number of cycles number of microwave wavelength in transmission range, φ
cthe excess phase part that represents a wavelength of less than in transmission range, λ represents the wavelength of signal transmission;
Above-mentioned microwave signal is received and is reflected by reflecting antenna at receiving station place, and the microwave signal that receiving station place receives can be expressed as: V
2=A
2cos (wt+ φ
2), wherein, A
2the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
2the phase place that represents signal, φ
2with φ
1there is following relation: φ
2=φ
1+ φ
c;
The microwave signal that reflected by receiving station's reflecting antenna is returned to through same transmission path the reflected signal that Chu， cell site, cell site receives and is expressed as: V
3=A
3cos (wt+ φ
3), wherein, A
3the amplitude that represents signal, w is signal frequency, φ
3the phase place that represents signal, φ
3with φ
1there is following relation: φ
3=φ
1+ 2 φ
c.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that ， cell site, by by the reflected signal V receiving
3with the V that transmits
1mixing, obtains: V
4=A
4cos (φ
3-φ
1)=A
4cos (2 φ
c), V
4to be proportional to cos (2 φ
c) direct current signal, by by V
4as error signal, the microwave frequency w of FEEDBACK CONTROL microwave rf generator, realizes the frequency conversion locking of whole transmission link, thereby realizes: transmission range D is the rear transmission wavelength λ of locking
1integral multiple: D=N λ
1.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, continuously changes transmission wavelength, obtains adjacent wavelength locking λ
2, meet: D=(N-1) λ
2, suppose λ
2> λ
1, obtain: D=N λ
1=(N-1) λ
2, further obtain: N=λ
2/ (λ
2-λ
1), D=λ
1λ
2/ (λ
2-λ
1), according to wavelength and frequency relation f λ=c, wherein c is velocity of electromagnetic wave in atmosphere, obtains: N=f
1/ (f
1-f
2), D=c/ (f
1-f
2), f wherein
1and f
2value all can by first frequency measuring instrument and second frequency measuring instrument directly record ，Ji cell site and receiving station all can the real time measure transmission range in addition, if reduce transmission wavelength, i.e. λ
2< λ
1, can obtain N=f equally
1/ (f
2-f
1), D=c/ (f
2-f
1).
11. according to the method described in claim 7-10 any one, it is characterized in that, the first clock signal reference source arranging by cell site produces clock reference signal T
0, this reference signal T
0by carrying out free space transmission ， receiving station with the identical transmission path of the described microwave signal of transmission, by clock signal receiving system, receive the clock signal that ， receiving station place receives and be: T
0+ Δ T, the time delay that clock signal increases after transmission path is Δ T, meet relation: Δ T=D/c, wherein D is transmission range, c is that free space velocity of electromagnetic wave ， receiving station receives after clock signal, and itself and the second clock reference source that is located at receiving station are compared, by receiving station's place's second clock reference source is carried out to real-time delay adjusting, realize the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
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