CN103634093B - A kind of tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and time synchronized system and method - Google Patents
A kind of tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and time synchronized system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and clock synchronization system, including cell site and receiving station, cell site is used for launching microwave signal and clock reference signal, and receive the microwave signal returned by receiving station, transmitting signal and reflected signal are carried out than producing error signal mutually, feedback control launches the frequency of microwave, it is achieved frequency conversion locks, and then measures the transmission range between cell site and receiving station in real time；Receiving station is used for receiving microwave signal and clock reference signal, return a part of microwave signal received to cell site, in the microwave signal frequency that receiving station's measurement receives, the transmission range measuring between cell site and receiving station in real time it also is able in receiving station, and then determine propagation delay time, after the clock signal that receiving station receives with propagation delay time, itself and the signal source of clock being located at receiving station are compared, by signal source of clock at receiving station is carried out real-time delay adjusting, it is achieved the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to microwave transmission field, especially, relate to a kind of microwave based on Frequency Synchronization and survey
Away from and clock synchronization system and method.
Background technology
For the transmission system of temporal frequency, the transmission of the most conventional frequency signal is used with Tong Bu
Method mainly have clock carrying method, satellite common vision method (CV), two-way satellite time and frequency transfer method
(TWSTFT) etc..Wherein, except clock carrying method, other several methods will rely on the biography of satellite
Pass.The sky degree of stability of these transmission methods can only achieve 10 at present-15The magnitude in/sky, it is impossible to when meeting
Between frequency signal precise delivery with high accuracy use user's request.
Another granted patent (patent No.: ZL 201110186493.9) of applicant of the present invention is introduced
A kind of realized the system and method that the microwave frequency signal of overlength baseline (distance) transmits by optical fiber.
The method that system that employs the noise of Active Compensation optical fiber link, by (outstanding to fiber transmission link
It is extra long distance) the compensation of phase noise, it is achieved that in high precision, the microwave frequency of high stability
The transmission of signal, within its day, degree of stability can reach 10-18The magnitude in/sky.
Compare the method utilizing satellite passing time frequency, above-mentioned microwave frequency signal fibre-optic transmission system (FOTS)
Although having the highest transmission degree of stability, but various different making can be run in actual application
By demand, the region outside fiber optic network covers, such as vacant lot, absolutely empty, complicated landform etc., this
The equipment in a little places just cannot utilize fiber-optic transfer and synchronous frequency signal, when limiting based on optical fiber
Keep pouring in the scope of application of communication system.
Another patent applied for (number of patent application 201310467522.8) of present invention applicant is introduced
A kind of realizing microwave frequency signal transmission and Tong Bu method at free space, the method can use
Free space is as the transmission medium of microwave frequency signal, it is achieved microwave frequency signal between different websites
Synchronize.Additionally, above-mentioned patent is by implementing phase noise detection and compensation technique, it is achieved to free sky
Between the compensation of phase noise of transmission link, it is possible to achieve the frequency signal transmission of long-range network with
Synchronize.Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this system.Within the system, in cell site, by reference frequency
Source provides with reference to microwave frequency, is launched upstream frequency signal by launching compensation device by launching antenna,
Receive the downstream frequency signal returned, and utilize with reference to microwave frequency and the downstream frequency signal of reception
The phase noise that Active Compensation frequency signal introduces during free space transmission.Wherein utilize reference
The downstream frequency signal Active Compensation frequency signal of frequency signal and reception is in free space transmission mistake
The phase noise introduced in journey, realizes especially by the following manner:
PGC demodulation is produced respectively in the first auxiliary compensation signal of reference frequency source and in cell site
Two auxiliary compensation signals, its frequency is respectively l ωr, n ωr, wherein ωrFor reference frequency source frequency,
Producing upstream frequency signal and downstream frequency signal that phase place mutually locks, its frequency is respectively k simultaneously
ω0,mω0, ω0With ωrApproximately equal and adjustable, l, m, n are the positive number differed, and meet
The mathematical relationship of l+n=2m, k is the positive number being different from m.Cell site by the first auxiliary compensation signal with
The frequency signal V produced in cell site4Mixing produces and compensates error signal Ve1, by the second auxiliary compensation
Signal produces with the downstream frequency signal mixing returned by receiving station and compensates error signal Ve2, finally by
Ve1And Ve2Mixing produces and compensates error signal Ve, carry out the frequency of feedback control cell site upstream frequency signal
Rate and phase place, it is achieved free space transmission is introduced the compensation of phase noise.
In receiving station, for receiving the upstream frequency signal with phase noise by reception antenna, logical
Cross frequency conversion locking device by servo frequency source PGC demodulation in upstream frequency signal, and produce PGC demodulation
In the downstream frequency signal return of upstream frequency signal to cell site, make an uproar for cell site's Active Compensation phase place
Sound.Wherein generation PGC demodulation is in the downstream frequency signal of upstream frequency signal, especially by with lower section
Formula realizes: arrange the servo frequency source identical with above-mentioned reference frequency source frequency in receiving station, produces phase
Position is locked in the frequency signal in this servo frequency source, its frequency and upstream frequency signal approximately equal.Will
Its with receive carry out ratio with the upstream frequency of phase noise in free space transmission and produce mutually
Raw error signal, utilize this error signal control servo frequency source make the PGC demodulation in servo frequency source in
Upstream frequency signal, and another frequency source that PGC demodulation is in servo frequency source produces downstream frequency letter
Number, it is back to cell site.
The most in the field of communications, between communication base station, there is the highest demand for frequency and time synchronized,
Existing solution is all to configure GPS in each base station equipment.But by each
Base station installs GPS module additional to solve base station time Frequency Synchronization, there is precision and safety issue.
Using prior art, the degree of stability of Frequency Synchronization is about 10-8～10-9/ the second.The biography of the data owing to building a station
Defeated speed is directly proportional to the precision of Frequency Synchronization, therefore wants to improve further the traffic rate of base station,
It is the problem that have to solve that high-precision temporal frequency synchronizes.It addition, GPS system is by US military
Exploitation and control, can carry out Local Property deterioration setting and restriction uses, and under special situation, meeting is to whole
Network operation brings potential safety hazard.Therefore need research badly and provide split-second precision frequency by ground transmission
The method of rate transmission.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome defect present in prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of based on Frequency Synchronization
Tellurometer survey and time synchronized system and method.
According to an aspect of the present invention, it is proposed that a kind of tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and time
Synchronization system, this system includes cell site and receiving station, and wherein cell site and receiving station keep frequency same
Step, i.e. has identical frequency reference, and wherein, cell site is used for launching microwave signal and clock reference
Signal, and receive the microwave signal returned by receiving station, transmitting signal is carried out than phase with reflected signal
Producing error signal, feedback control launches the frequency of microwave, it is achieved frequency conversion locks, and then measures in real time
Transmission range between cell site and receiving station；Receiving station is used for receiving microwave signal and clock reference letter
Number, and return microwave signal that a part receives to cell site, receiving station's measurement receive micro-
Ripple signal frequency, owing to receiving station and cell site have identical frequency reference, therefore in receiving station also
The transmission range between cell site and receiving station can be measured in real time, and then determine propagation delay time, connect
After receipts station receives the clock signal with propagation delay time, by itself and the signal source of clock being located at receiving station
Compare, by signal source of clock at receiving station is carried out real-time delay adjusting, it is achieved cell site
And the time synchronized between receiving station.
According to a further aspect in the invention, it is also proposed that a kind of tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization is timely
Between synchronous method, for the transmission range between cell site and receiving station is measured, and when carrying out
Between synchronize, wherein cell site and receiving station keep Frequency Synchronization, i.e. have identical frequency reference, should
Method includes step: the microwave rf generator of cell site produces microwave signal and clock reference signal, launches
This microwave signal and clock reference signal are sent to receiving station by emitted antenna of standing；The reflection of receiving station
The microwave signal part at antenna spontaneous emission station in the future is back to cell site；The ratio facies unit of cell site is by micro-
The microwave signal that the microwave signal that ripple emission source produces and receiving station reflect is mixed；Cell site
Signal after being mixed is as the microwave frequency of the microwave rf generator of error signal feedback control cell site；
The first frequency recorded by the first frequency measuring instrument being attached with the microwave rf generator of cell site
Signal, and the second frequency that the second frequency measuring instrument being attached with the reflecting antenna of receiving station records
Rate signal, can record the transmission range between cell site and receiving station in real time, and then determine propagation delay time；
After the clock signal that receiving station receives with propagation delay time, itself and the clock being located at receiving station are believed
Comparing, by signal source of clock at receiving station is carried out real-time delay adjusting in number source, it is achieved sends out
Penetrate the time synchronized between station and receiving station.
The scheme proposed according to the present invention, existing realizes the technology of Frequency Synchronization between website utilizing
On the basis of, by the scheme that frequency conversion locks, microwave transmission distance between website can be measured in real time,
Thus determine microwave transmission time delay between website in real time.Further by regulation timing reference input, Ke Yishi
Time synchronized between existing website.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that prior art realizes the system construction drawing of Frequency Synchronization between cell site and receiving station.
Fig. 2 is present invention microwave ranging system based on Frequency Synchronization structure chart.
Fig. 3 is present invention tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and time synchronous system architecture figure.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention of greater clarity, below in conjunction with concrete real
Executing mode referring to the drawings, the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 2 is present invention microwave ranging system based on Frequency Synchronization structure chart.The present invention is in freedom
Space utilization microwave frequency conversion locking is found range.With reference to Fig. 2, between cell site and receiving station it is wherein
Frequency Synchronization, i.e. cell site and receiving station is kept to have identical microwave frequency benchmark.Prior art
In had and multiple realized the method for Frequency Synchronization between website, such as clock carrying method, satellite common vision method
(CV), two-way satellite time and frequency transfer method (TWSTFT), and the invention described above applicant carries
The free space frequency signal transmission gone out and synchronous method etc., and implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
It not the content that the present invention is to be studied owing to realizing Frequency Synchronization between website, therefore do not carry out at this in detail
State.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the microwave ranging system based on Frequency Synchronization of the present invention includes cell site and connects
Receive station.Cell site farther includes microwave rf generator, surveys than facies unit, transmitting antenna and first frequency
Amount instrument, receiving station farther includes reflecting antenna, microwave receiving device and second frequency measuring instrument.Send out
Penetrate station and may each be the websites such as mobile communication base station with receiving station, and be not limited to this.
Wherein between cell site and receiving station two website, signal transmission distance is D, including the space between website
All cables in distance and transmission path and the time delay of device introducing.Transmitting sky it is provided with at cell site
Line, is provided with reflecting antenna at receiving station.
At cell site, microwave rf generator producing frequency is the microwave signal of w, and its signal can be with table
It is shown as:
V1=A1cos(wt+φ1)
Wherein, A1Representing the amplitude of signal, w is signal frequency, φ1Represent the initial phase of signal.
Signal V1Launched antenna by cell site to send, arrive at receiving station after transmission range D
Reflecting antenna.There is relationship below:
D=(N+φc/2π)·λ
Wherein D is transmission range.N is a certain unknown integer, represents microwave wavelength in transmission range
Number of cycles number, φcRepresent the excess phase part less than a wavelength, λ table in transmission range
Show the wavelength of transmission microwave signal.
Above-mentioned microwave signal is received by reflecting antenna at receiving station and reflects.Receive at receiving station
Microwave signal is represented by:
V2=A2cos(wt+φ2)
Wherein, A2Representing the amplitude of signal, w is signal frequency, φ2Represent the phase place of signal.φ2
With φ1There is following relation:
φ2=φ1+φc
The above-mentioned microwave signal reflected by receiving station's reflecting antenna returns through same transmission path launches
Standing place, the reflected signal that cell site receives is represented by:
V3=A3cos(wt+φ3)
Wherein, A3Representing the amplitude of signal, w is signal frequency, φ3Represent the phase place of signal.φ3
With φ1There is following relation:
φ3=φ1+2φc
It should be noted that in above-mentioned relation, have ignored transmission cable and the phase of microwave device introducing
Position postpones, and do so is equivalent to be calculated the part in transmission range D, and this is before to D's
In definition already mentioned above.
In cell site, by the reflected signal V that will receive3With transmitting signal V1Mixing, can obtain
Arrive:
V4=A4cos(φ3-φ1)=A4cos(2φc)
Wherein A4Represent the amplitude of mixed frequency signal, from above formula, V4It is proportional to cos (2 φc)
Direct current signal, by by V4As error signal, microwave frequency w of feedback control microwave rf generator,
(such as microwave rf generator is voltage controlled oscillator, by its output frequency of voltage signal feedback control, and
Implementation of the present invention is not limited to this) realize whole transmission link frequency conversion locking, can obtain:
cos(2φc)=1
Namely: φc=0
Now, transmission range D is transmission wavelength λ after locking1Integral multiple:
D=N·λ1
Then, by the way of changing microwave transmission signal wavelength continuously in cell site, phase can be obtained
Adjacent wavelength locking λ2, meet:
D=(N-1)·λ2
It is assumed herein that λ2>λ1If, it is true that λ2<λ1, then N-1 correspondingly becomes N+1, not
The conclusion of the present invention is produced impact, and implementation method the most of the present invention is not limited to this.
Be can get by above two formula simultaneous:
D=N·λ1=(N-1)·λ2
The most available by above formula:
N=λ2/(λ2-λ1)
D=λ1λ2/(λ2-λ1)
It is velocity of electromagnetic wave in air according to wavelength and frequency relation f λ=c(wherein c, it is believed that be normal
Number), can obtain:
N=f1/(f1-f2)
D=c/(f1-f2)
According to above formula, between cell site and receiving station transmission range D only with locking frequency f1And f2
Relevant, owing to being Frequency Synchronization between cell site and receiving station, there is identical frequency reference.Therefore
It is respectively provided with frequency measuring equipment in cell site and receiving station, f can be thereby determined that1And f2, thus really
Determine transmission cycle N and transmission range D.
It is different from other distance-finding methods, frequency conversion based on the Frequency Synchronization locking ranging scheme that the present invention proposes
Real time distance can be realized, i.e. record transmission range and propagation delay time in cell site with receiving station simultaneously.
Range accuracy:
ΔD=c/(f1-f2)2·Δf=D2/c·Δf
Survey time delay precision:
ΔT=ΔD/c
From above formula, method its range accuracy Δ D that the present invention proposes and distance D square, with
And frequency-measurement accuracy Δ f is proportional.To measure distance D for 103M magnitude, frequency-measurement accuracy Δ f exists
Hz magnitude can reach 3x10 as estimation, range accuracy Δ D-3M magnitude, corresponding latency measurement
Precision Δ T can reach 10ps magnitude.
The method that Fig. 3 illustrates to carry out time synchronized on the basis of realizing tellurometer survey.
In Fig. 3, cell site adds the first clock signal ginseng on the basis of range-measurement system shown in Fig. 2
Examine source, be joined directly together with launching antenna, be used for launching clock reference signal.Receiving station is shown in Fig. 2
Add clock signal on the basis of range-measurement system and receive device and second clock reference source, be used for connecing
Take-up has the clock reference signal of time delay, and regulates second clock reference source in real time, real with this
Existing time synchronized.Wherein in receiving station, clock signal receives device and is directly connected with antenna, when second
Clock reference source is connected to clock signal and receives device.Clock synchronization system and range finding have identical transmitting sky
Line and transmission path, therefore between cell site and receiving station, signal transmission distance is still D, can be the most true
Fixed.Similar with upper, transmission range D include between cell site and receiving station free space distance and
The time delay that in transmission path, all cables and device introduce.
Being provided with the first clock reference source at cell site, it can be to produce appointing of clock reference signal
Meaning device, such as second pulse generator or hydrogen atomic clock.The clock ginseng produced by the first timing reference input
Examining signal is T0, this reference signal carries out free sky by the transmission path identical with frequency conversion locking range finding
Between transmit, receiving station by clock signal receive device receive.
The clock signal received at receiving station is:
T0+ΔT
In above formula, the time delay that clock reference signal increases behind transmission path is Δ T, meets relation:
ΔT=D/c
Wherein D is transmission range, the present invention tellurometer survey method proposed can be with precision real time measuring
Determine；C is free space velocity of electromagnetic wave.
After receiving station receives clock signal, itself and the second clock reference source being located at receiving station are entered
Row comparison, by second clock reference source at receiving station is carried out real-time delay adjusting, can realize
Time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.According to frequency conversion ranging unit to range accuracy and time delay
The estimation of precision, to measure distance D for 103M magnitude, frequency-measurement accuracy Δ f in Hz magnitude as estimating
Meter, range accuracy Δ D can reach 3x10-3M magnitude, corresponding latency measurement precision Δ T is permissible
Reach 10ps magnitude.
It addition, the invention allows for a kind of tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and time synchronized side
Method, the method is to be realized by above-mentioned tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and clock synchronization system.
The method is for being measured the transmission range between cell site and receiving station, and it is same to carry out the time
Step.Wherein cell site and receiving station utilize prior art to keep Frequency Synchronization, i.e. have identical frequency
Benchmark, the method comprising the steps of:
The microwave rf generator of cell site produces microwave signal, and the emitted antenna in cell site is by this microwave signal
It is sent to receiving station；The microwave signal at the reflecting antenna of receiving station spontaneous emission station in the future is reflected back transmitting
Stand；The microwave signal that microwave rf generator is produced by the ratio facies unit of cell site and receiving station reflect
Microwave signal is mixed；Cell site will mixing after signal as error signal feedback control cell site
The microwave frequency of microwave rf generator；By the first frequency being attached with the microwave rf generator of cell site
The first frequency signal that rate measuring instrument records, and with the reflecting antenna of receiving station be attached second
The second frequency signal that frequency measuring instrument records, try to achieve transmission between cell site and receiving station away from
From.
At cell site, microwave rf generator producing frequency is the microwave signal of w, and its signal can be with table
It is shown as: V1=A1cos(wt+φ1), wherein, A1Representing the amplitude of signal, w is signal frequency, φ1
Represent the initial phase of signal, signal V1Sent, through transmission range D by the transmitting antenna of cell site
, there is relationship below: D=(N+ φ in reflecting antenna at rear arrival receiving stationc/ 2 π) λ, N be
A certain unknown integer, represents the number of cycles number of microwave wavelength, φ in transmission rangecRepresent transmission
Less than the excess phase part of a wavelength in Ju Li, λ represents the wavelength of transmission signal；Above-mentioned microwave
Signal is received by reflecting antenna at receiving station and reflects, and the microwave signal received at receiving station can table
It is shown as: V2=A2cos(wt+φ2), wherein, A2Representing the amplitude of signal, w is signal frequency, φ2
Represent the phase place of signal, φ2With φ1There is following relation: φ2=φ1+φc；Reflected by receiving station
The microwave signal of antenna-reflected is at return cell site, same transmission path, and it is anti-that cell site receives
Penetrate signal to be expressed as: V3=A3cos(wt+φ3), wherein, A3Representing the amplitude of signal, w is signal
Frequency, φ3Represent the phase place of signal, φ3With φ1There is following relation: φ3=φ1+2φc。
In cell site, by the reflected signal V that will receive3With transmitting signal V1Mixing, obtains:
V4=A4cos(φ3-φ1)=A4cos(2φc), V4It is proportional to cos (2 φc) direct current signal, pass through
By V4As error signal, microwave frequency w of feedback control microwave rf generator, it is achieved whole transmission
The frequency conversion locking of link, thus obtain: cos (2 φc)=1, transmission range D is transmission wavelength after locking
λ1Integral multiple: D=N λ1。
Change transmission wavelength the most continuously, obtain adjacent wavelength locking λ2, meet: D=(N-1) λ2,
Assume λ2>λ1, obtain: D=N λ1=(N-1)·λ2, obtain further: N=λ2/(λ2-λ1), D=λ1λ2/
(λ2-λ1), according to wavelength and frequency relation f λ=c, velocity of electromagnetic wave during wherein c is air, obtain:
N=f1/(f1-f2), D=c/ (f1-f2), wherein f1And f2Value all can be by first frequency measuring instrument and the
Two frequency measuring instruments directly record, i.e. all can the real time measure transmission range in cell site and receiving station
The the first clock reference source arranged by cell site produces reference time signal T0, this reference
Signal T0Carry out free space transmission by the transmission path identical with transmitting described microwave signal, connecing
Receiving station and received device reception by clock signal, the clock signal received at receiving station is: T0+ Δ T,
The time delay that clock signal increases behind transmission path is Δ T, meets relation: Δ T=D/c, wherein D
For transmission range, c is free space velocity of electromagnetic wave, after receiving station receives clock signal, and will
It is compared with the second clock reference source being located at receiving station, by joining second clock at receiving station
The source of examining carries out real-time delay adjusting, it is achieved the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
Particular embodiments described above, is carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Further describe it should be understood that the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention,
Be not limited to the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of being made,
Equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and a clock synchronization system, this system includes launching
Standing and receiving station, wherein cell site and receiving station keep Frequency Synchronization, i.e. have identical frequency reference,
Wherein,
Cell site is used for launching microwave signal and clock reference signal, and receive by receiving station return micro-
Ripple signal, carries out transmitting signal and reflected signal producing error signal than mutually, and feedback control is launched micro-
The frequency of ripple, it is achieved frequency conversion locks, and then measure the transmission range between cell site and receiving station in real time；
Receiving station is used for receiving microwave signal and clock reference signal, and return that a part receives micro-
Ripple signal is to cell site, in the microwave signal frequency that receiving station's measurement receives, due to receiving station with send out
Penetrate station and there is identical frequency reference, therefore also be able to measure cell site and receiving station in real time in receiving station
Between transmission range, and then determine propagation delay time, when receiving station receives with propagation delay time
After clock signal, itself and the signal source of clock being located at receiving station are compared, by time at receiving station
Clock signal source carries out real-time delay adjusting, it is achieved the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
System the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cell site farther includes micro-
Ripple emission source, ratio facies unit, transmitting antenna and first frequency measuring instrument, receiving station farther includes instead
Penetrating antenna, microwave receiving device and second frequency measuring instrument, the microwave rf generator of cell site produces microwave
Signal, launches antenna and this microwave signal is sent to receiving station, and the reflecting antenna of receiving station is by a part
Microwave signal from cell site is reflected back cell site, and microwave rf generator is produced by the ratio facies unit of cell site
The microwave signal that raw microwave signal and receiving station reflect is mixed, and is made by the signal after mixing
For the microwave frequency of error signal feedback control microwave rf generator, first frequency measuring instrument and Microwave emission
Source is attached, and second frequency measuring instrument is attached with the microwave receiving device of receiving station, according to
The frequency that one frequency measuring instrument and second frequency measuring instrument obtain is tried to achieve between cell site and receiving station
Transmission range.
System the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that at cell site, by microwave
It is the microwave signal of w that emission source produces frequency, and its signal can be expressed as: V1=A1cos(wt+φ1),
Wherein, A1Representing the amplitude of signal, w is signal frequency, φ1Represent the initial phase of signal, signal
V1Sent by the transmitting antenna of cell site, after transmission range D, arrive reflecting antenna at receiving station,
There is relationship below: D=(N+ φc/ 2 π) λ, N be a certain unknown integer, represent transmission away from
From the number of cycles number of middle microwave wavelength, φcRepresent the residue less than a wavelength in transmission range
Phase bit position, λ represents the wavelength of transmission signal；
Above-mentioned microwave signal is received by reflecting antenna at receiving station and reflects, and receives at receiving station
Microwave signal is represented by: V2=A2cos(wt+φ2), wherein, A2Representing the amplitude of signal, w is
Signal frequency, φ2Represent the phase place of signal, φ2With φ1There is following relation: φ2=φ1+φc；
The microwave signal reflected by receiving station's reflecting antenna through return cell site, same transmission path,
The reflected signal that cell site receives is expressed as: V3=A3cos(wt+φ3), wherein, A3Represent signal
Amplitude, w is signal frequency, φ3Represent the phase place of signal, φ3With φ1There is following relation:
φ3=φ1+2φc。
System the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in cell site, by connecing
The reflected signal V received3With transmitting signal V1Mixing, obtains: V4=A4cos(φ3-φ1)=A4cos(2
φc), V4It is proportional to cos (2 φc) direct current signal, by by V4As error signal, feedback
Control microwave frequency w of microwave rf generator, it is achieved the frequency conversion locking of whole transmission link, thus realize:
Transmission range D is transmission wavelength λ after locking1Integral multiple: D=N λ1。
System the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that change transmission wavelength continuously,
Obtain adjacent wavelength locking λ2, meet: D=(N-1) λ2, it is assumed that λ2＞ λ1, obtain: D=N λ1=(N-1)
·λ2, obtain further: N=λ2/(λ2-λ1), D=λ1λ2/(λ2-λ1), according to wavelength and frequency relation
F λ=c, wherein c is free space velocity of electromagnetic wave, obtains: N=f1/(f1-f2), D=c/ (f1-f2),
Wherein, f1And f2Represent locking frequency, f1And f2Value all can pass through first frequency measuring instrument and second
Frequency measuring instrument directly records, i.e. cell site and receiving station all can the real time measure transmission range, additionally,
If reduction transmission wavelength, i.e. λ2＜ λ1, equally obtain N=f1/(f2-f1), D=c/ (f2-f1)。
6. according to the system described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that cell site is further
Including the first clock reference source, it is used for producing reference time signal T0, this reference time signal
T0Free space transmission is carried out, in receiving station by the transmission path identical with transmitting described microwave signal
Being received device by clock signal to receive, the clock signal received at receiving station is: T0+ Δ T, time
The time delay that clock signal increases behind transmission path is Δ T, meets relation: Δ T=D/c, wherein D
For transmission range, c is free space velocity of electromagnetic wave, after receiving station receives clock signal, and will
It is compared with the second clock reference source being located at receiving station, by joining second clock at receiving station
The source of examining carries out real-time delay adjusting, it is achieved the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
7. tellurometer survey based on Frequency Synchronization and a method for synchronizing time, for cell site and
Transmission range between receiving station is measured, and carries out time synchronized, wherein cell site and receiving station
Keeping Frequency Synchronization, i.e. have identical frequency reference, the method comprising the steps of:
The microwave rf generator of cell site produces microwave signal and clock reference signal, emitted sky, cell site
This microwave signal and clock reference signal are sent to receiving station by line；
The microwave signal part at the reflecting antenna of receiving station spontaneous emission station in the future is back to cell site；
The microwave signal that microwave rf generator produces is reflected by the ratio facies unit of cell site with receiving station
Microwave signal be mixed；
Cell site by the signal after mixing as the microwave rf generator of error signal feedback control cell site
Microwave frequency；
First recorded by the first frequency measuring instrument being attached with the microwave rf generator of cell site
Frequency signal, and the second frequency measuring instrument being attached with the reflecting antenna of receiving station record
Two frequency signals, can record the transmission range between cell site and receiving station in real time, and then determine transmission
Time delay；
After the clock signal that receiving station receives with propagation delay time, by its be located at receiving station time
Clock signal source is compared, by signal source of clock at receiving station is carried out real-time delay adjusting, real
Existing time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
Method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that at cell site, by microwave
It is the microwave signal of w that emission source produces frequency, and its signal can be expressed as: V1=A1cos(wt+φ1),
Wherein, A1Representing the amplitude of signal, w is signal frequency, φ1Represent the initial phase of signal, signal
V1Sent by the transmitting antenna of cell site, after transmission range D, arrive reflecting antenna at receiving station,
There is relationship below: D=(N+ φc/ 2 π) λ, N be a certain unknown integer, represent transmission away from
From the number of cycles number of middle microwave wavelength, φcRepresent the residue less than a wavelength in transmission range
Phase bit position, λ represents the wavelength of transmission signal；
Above-mentioned microwave signal is received by reflecting antenna at receiving station and reflects, and receives at receiving station
Microwave signal is represented by: V2=A2cos(wt+φ2), wherein, A2Representing the amplitude of signal, w is
Signal frequency, φ2Represent the phase place of signal, φ2With φ1There is following relation: φ2=φ1+φc；
The microwave signal reflected by receiving station's reflecting antenna through return cell site, same transmission path,
The reflected signal that cell site receives is expressed as: V3=A3cos(wt+φ3), wherein, A3Represent signal
Amplitude, w is signal frequency, φ3Represent the phase place of signal, φ3With φ1There is following relation:
φ3=φ1+2φc。
Method the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that in cell site, by connecing
The reflected signal V received3With transmitting signal V1Mixing, obtains: V4=A4cos(φ3-φ1)=A4cos(2
φc), V4It is proportional to cos (2 φc) direct current signal, by by V4As error signal, feedback
Control microwave frequency w of microwave rf generator, it is achieved the frequency conversion locking of whole transmission link, thus realize:
Transmission range D is transmission wavelength λ after locking1Integral multiple: D=N λ1。
Method the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that change transmission wavelength continuously,
Obtain adjacent wavelength locking λ2, meet: D=(N-1) λ2, it is assumed that λ2＞ λ1, obtain: D=N λ1=(N-1)
·λ2, obtain further: N=λ2/(λ2-λ1), D=λ1λ2/(λ2-λ1), according to wavelength and frequency relation
F λ=c, wherein c is free space velocity of electromagnetic wave, obtains: N=f1/(f1-f2), D=c/ (f1-f2),
Wherein, f1And f2Represent locking frequency, f1And f2Value all can pass through first frequency measuring instrument and second
Frequency measuring instrument directly records, i.e. cell site and receiving station all can the real time measure transmission range, additionally,
If reduction transmission wavelength, i.e. λ2＜ λ1, equally obtain N=f1/(f2-f1), D=c/ (f2-f1)。
11. according to the method described in any one of claim 7-10, it is characterised in that pass through cell site
The the first clock reference source arranged produces clock reference signal T0, this reference time signal T0Logical
Cross and transmit the identical transmission path of described microwave signal and carry out free space transmission, receiving station by time
Clock signal receiving device receives, and the clock signal received at receiving station is: T0+ Δ T, clock is believed
Number time delay increased behind transmission path is Δ T, meets relation: Δ T=D/c, and wherein D is for passing
Defeated distance, c is free space velocity of electromagnetic wave, after receiving station receives clock signal, by its with
The second clock reference source being located at receiving station is compared, by second clock reference source at receiving station
Carry out real-time delay adjusting, it is achieved the time synchronized between cell site and receiving station.
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| CN105277935B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-10-03 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of distance-measuring device and its measuring method and actual range measuring method |
| CN106771845B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2021-03-30 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining distance between first reflection point and radio frequency unit |
| CN106209290B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-10-09 | 清华大学 | A kind of propagation delay time and transmission range measuring system and method |
| CN108120964B (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2021-12-07 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Method for dynamically testing time delay data of secondary radar local machine to improve ranging precision |
| CN111049582B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-12-14 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Microwave signal real-time synchronization device and method based on microwave photon technology |
| CN111464254B (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2023-02-17 | 广州土圭垚信息科技有限公司 | Clock synchronization method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN113517905B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-08-26 | 清华大学 | Microwave transmission system and method |
| CN113765613A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-12-07 | 齐鲁空天信息研究院 | Dynamic double-node time-frequency synchronization method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114786247B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2024-03-08 | 西安电子科技大学 | Clock synchronization method, system, medium, equipment and terminal |
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