CN101504462A - Phase difference detection method and system, double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit and distance measurement apparatus - Google Patents
Phase difference detection method and system, double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit and distance measurement apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101504462A CN101504462A CNA2008100653430A CN200810065343A CN101504462A CN 101504462 A CN101504462 A CN 101504462A CN A2008100653430 A CNA2008100653430 A CN A2008100653430A CN 200810065343 A CN200810065343 A CN 200810065343A CN 101504462 A CN101504462 A CN 101504462A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of phase difference detection and provides a phase difference detection method, a phase difference detection system, a dual crystal resonator mixer circuit and a distance measurement device. The phase difference detection method comprises the following steps: generating two high frequency oscillation signals of different frequencies, and dividing each high frequency oscillation signal into two paths, wherein one path is a local reference signal used for local reference and the other path is a distance measurement signal for distance measurement; mixing the two paths of local reference signals and outputting a low frequency first difference frequency signal; mixing a return signal of light waves which are modulated according to one path of distance measurement signal and transmitted to the position of a measured target to be reflected and the other path of distance measurement signal, and outputting a second difference frequency signal; and subtracting the first difference frequency signal from the second difference frequency signal to obtain the phase difference between the second difference frequency signal and the first difference frequency signal. The phase difference detection system has the advantages of high precision, low cost, good stability, low energy consumption, and the like, and is used for high-precision phase difference detection, and can achieve millimetre-sized measurement precision.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the phase difference detection field, relate in particular to a kind of phase difference detection method, phase difference detection system, double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit and distance-measuring device.
Background technology
Along with semiconductor laser since the 1980s and digital circuit tremendous development, the high-precision laser ranging technique of long distance more and more widely is applied to fields such as electric power, water conservancy, communication, environment, building, police service, fire-fighting, explosion, navigation, railway, military anti-terrorism.The phase type laser ranging product of millimeter rank measuring accuracy is progressively occupied an leading position in the short distance laser ranging in 200 meters.
Based on the phase type laser ranging system of surveying the phase differential principle is with the laser beam irradiation measured target of modulating continuously, light beam turns back after the measured target reflection, with the phase change that the light beam two-way process produces, be converted into the distance of measured target, be applied to the high-precision range observation of short distance.Because the selection configuration of device inner components is different, the accuracy of measurement and precision are also different.Phase type laser ranging system of the prior art, (Phase Locked Loop PLL) obtains two synchronizing signals, is produced the control signal of oscillator by the phase differential of reference frequency and output frequency to adopt phaselocked loop, thereby the adjustment signal output frequency is realized the synchronous of two signal phases.Fig. 1 shows the structure of the phase type laser ranging system that prior art provides, and the phase type laser ranging system comprises: PLL circuit, light source, modulator, receiver, distance measuring signal frequency mixer and phasometer.The PLL circuit produces two phase locked signals, one the tunnel is outer optical path signal, one the tunnel is interior optical path signal, after modulator receives outer optical path signal, the lightwave signal that produces according to the frequency modulation (PFM) light source of outer optical path signal, and emission distance measuring light beam, distance measuring light beam is transmitted into the measured target back reflection and turns back, Returning beam is received by the receiver, receiver is sent in the distance measuring signal frequency mixer after light signal is converted to electric signal, and the distance measuring signal frequency mixer is interior optical path signal and Returning beam mixing, and exports to phasometer, calculate required phase differential by phasometer, at last calculate distance between phase type laser ranging system and the measured target according to mathematical relation.Because the architectural characteristic of phaselocked loop internal components, it is low that phase-locked loop circuit has precision, cost height, and shortcoming such as circuit relative complex.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of phase difference detection method, is intended to solve the problem that phase type laser ranging system precision is low, cost is high, power consumption is big of using the PLL circuit in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention is achieved in that a kind of phase difference detection method, and described method comprises:
Produce the high-frequency oscillation signal of two different frequencies, each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, wherein one the tunnel is the local reference signal that is used for local reference, and one the tunnel is the distance measuring signal that is used to find range;
With the mixing of described two-way local reference signal, first difference frequency signal of output low frequency;
To send to the return signal that the measured target place is reflected according to the light wave of a drive test after the signal modulation, with another drive test apart from signal mixing, export second difference frequency signal;
Described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal are subtracted each other, obtain the phase differential of described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal.
Another purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of twin crystal mixting circuit, and described twin crystal mixting circuit comprises:
First crystal oscillator and second crystal oscillator, be used for producing respectively the high-frequency oscillation signal of two different frequencies, and each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, and wherein one the tunnel is the local reference signal that is used for local reference, the one tunnel is the distance measuring signal that is used to find range;
First frequency mixer is used for the mixing of described two-way local reference signal first difference frequency signal of output low frequency;
Second frequency mixer is used for and will sends to the return signal that the measured target place is reflected according to the light wave of a drive test after the signal modulation, with another drive test apart from signal mixing, export second difference frequency signal.
Another purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of phase difference detection device that adopts above-mentioned twin crystal mixting circuit to realize.
Another purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of measurement mechanism that adopts phase difference detection device to realize.
Another purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of phase difference detection system, and described system comprises:
Light source is used to send light wave;
First crystal oscillator and second crystal oscillator, be used for producing respectively the high-frequency oscillation signal of two different frequencies, and each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, and wherein one the tunnel is the local reference signal that is used for local reference, the one tunnel is the distance measuring signal that is used to find range;
First frequency mixer is used for the mixing of described two-way local reference signal first difference frequency signal of output low frequency;
Modulator, the light wave that is used for described light source is sent is modulated apart from signal according to a drive test, is emitted to measured target;
Signal receiving module, the light wave that is used to receive after the modulation sends to the return signal that the measured target place is reflected, and described return signal is converted to electric signal output;
Second frequency mixer is used for and will sends to the return signal that the measured target place is reflected according to the light wave of a drive test after the signal modulation, with another drive test apart from signal mixing, export second difference frequency signal; And
Phase detector is used for described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal are subtracted each other, and obtains the phase differential of described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal.
Another purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide a kind of measurement mechanism that adopts above-mentioned phase difference detection system to realize.
The embodiment of the invention produces two high-frequency oscillation signals, each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, one the tunnel is used for local reference, one the tunnel is used for range finding, the local reference signal mixing is obtained one road difference frequency signal, the reference signal of will finding range mixing obtains another road difference frequency signal, and the two-way difference frequency signal subtracts each other the phase differential that obtains signal transmission generation.Advantages such as the present invention has that precision height, cost are low, good stability, power consumption are little are used for the high Precision Detection phase differential, can realize a millimeter level measuring accuracy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the phase type laser ranging system that provides of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the realization flow figure of the phase difference detection method that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of the double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of the phase difference detection system that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural drawing of the distance-measuring device that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the realization flow figure of the laser distance measurement method that provides of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, the present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
Produce two high-frequency oscillation signals in the embodiment of the invention, each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, one the tunnel is used for local reference, one the tunnel is used for range finding, the local reference signal mixing is obtained one road difference frequency signal, and the reference signal of will finding range mixing obtains another road difference frequency signal, and the two-way difference frequency signal subtracts each other the phase differential that obtains signal transmission generation, according to velocity of propagation and the oscillation frequency of signal in the survey medium, can carry out the high precision range observation.
In an embodiment of the present invention, suppose to produce signal 1 and 2 two high-frequency oscillation signals of signal, signal 1 is divided into signal 1A and 1B two-way, signal 2 is divided into signal 2A and 2B two-way, wherein signal 1A and signal 2A are used for local reference, and signal 1B and signal 2B are used for range finding.
If the frequency of the high-frequency oscillation signal 1 that produces is f, angular frequency is ω=2 π f, and the phase place of x time t is ω t+ θ, and θ is an initial phase angle; High-frequency oscillation signal 2 frequencies that produce are f ', and angular frequency is ω '=2 π f ', and the phase place of x time t is ω ' t+ θ ', and θ ' is an initial phase angle, and wherein there is initial phase difference at random in 2 two high-frequency oscillation signals of signal 1 and signal.Signal 1A and signal 2A at first carry out mixing and get the difference frequency Δ f=f-f ' of low frequency, obtain low frequency first difference frequency signal as local reference, are made as e
0, above-mentioned first difference frequency signal in the phase place of x time t is
Signal 1B is used for range finding, is set to that to reach the required time of measured target be t
D, therefore the phase delay that produces is ω t
D, the phase place that distance measuring signal arrives measured target is ω t+ θ-ω t
DReturn phase place from measured target again and postponed ω t equally
D, the phase place when therefore receiving return signal is ω t+ θ-ω t
2D, t wherein
2D=2t
DThe return signal and the signal 2B that have ranging information carry out getting its difference frequency Δ f=f-f ' after the mixing, obtain low frequency second difference frequency signal, are made as eD, and above-mentioned second difference frequency signal in the phase place of x time t is
(1) formula and (2) formula are subtracted each other, and can measure the phase differential of first difference frequency signal and two low frequency signals of second difference frequency signal
For
Phase differential
Be the phase delay of distance measuring signal on 2 times of survey line distances.Wherein, the low frequency signal after the above-mentioned mixing is still keeping the phase relation between former high-frequency signal.
By above-mentioned principle as seen, first difference frequency signal and second difference frequency signal all have the phase differential of two groups of high-frequency oscillation signals when initial, subtract each other by two difference frequency signals and can eliminate the influence of this phase differential to measurement data fully.
Fig. 2 shows the realization flow of the phase difference detection method that the embodiment of the invention provides, and details are as follows:
In step S201, produce the high-frequency oscillation signal of two different frequencies, each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, wherein one the tunnel is the local reference signal that is used for local reference, the one tunnel is the distance measuring signal that is used to find range;
In step S202, with the mixing of described two-way local reference signal, first difference frequency signal of output low frequency comprises that the master phase of two high-frequency oscillation signals is poor in this first difference frequency signal;
In embodiments of the present invention, the two-way high-frequency oscillation signal is synchronous, has the characteristics of same frequency, same phase.
In step S203, light wave after will modulating apart from signal according to a drive test when step S202 carries out sends to the return signal that the measured target place is reflected, with another drive test apart from signal mixing, export second difference frequency signal, comprise that the master phase of two high-frequency oscillation signals is poor in this second difference frequency signal, and the phase differential that produces in the signals transmission;
In embodiments of the present invention, light wave can be laser, infrared ray, ultrasound wave and other light waves.
In step S204, described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal are subtracted each other, obtain the phase differential of described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal.
In embodiments of the present invention, according to the velocity of propagation of signal in the survey medium and the oscillation frequency of signal, can measuring distance or distance time of walking of signal.
In embodiments of the present invention, adopt crystal oscillator to produce high-frequency oscillation signal.Crystal oscillator is the oscillator of high precision and high stability, be widely used in all kinds of oscillatory circuits such as colour TV, computing machine, telepilot, and be used for frequency generator in the communication system, provide reference signal for the data processing equipment clocking with for particular system.Have the precision height, cost is low, the frequency long-time stability are good, low in energy consumption, volume is little, temperature susceplibility is low, adapt to modern integrated technique requirement plurality of advantages.Select for use crystal oscillator to replace the frequency oscillator of PLL circuit, compare with the PLL circuit and have advantages such as precision height, cost are low, good stability, be used for the high Precision Detection phase differential, can realize a millimeter level measuring accuracy.
Fig. 3 shows the structure of the double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit that the embodiment of the invention provides, and for convenience of explanation, the part relevant with the embodiment of the invention only is shown.
Because the phase place of the high-frequency oscillation signal that crystal oscillator produces at random, therefore signal and nonsynchronous signal that crystal oscillator 301 and crystal oscillator 303 produce are sent into signal 1A and signal 2A frequency mixer 302 mixing and are got low frequency first difference frequency signal as substrate.
Fig. 4 shows the structure of the phase difference detection system that the embodiment of the invention provides, and for convenience of explanation, the part relevant with the embodiment of the invention only is shown.
Double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402 produces signal 1B and exports first difference frequency signal and second difference frequency signal, the signal 1B that modulator 404 receives from double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402, measured target is modulated and be emitted to the light wave that light source 403 sends, light wave returns after being reflected by measured target, signal receiving module 405 receives the return signal of being returned by the measured target reflection and carries out opto-electronic conversion, and the output electric signal is given double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402, first difference frequency signal and second difference frequency signal that phase detector 401 receives from double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402, and differentiate two signal phase differences.
In embodiments of the present invention, double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402 comprises crystal oscillator 301, frequency mixer 302, crystal oscillator 303 and frequency mixer 304.
In embodiments of the present invention, the phase difference detection system further comprises signal processing module 406, the multiplying arrangement that signal processing module 406 comprises the filtration unit that is used for filtered electrical signal and is used for electric signal is amplified.The signal 1B that modulator 404 receives from double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402, measured target is modulated and be emitted to the light wave that light source 403 sends, light wave returns after being reflected by measured target, signal receiving module 405 receives return signal and carries out opto-electronic conversion, and the output electric signal is given signal processing module 406,406 pairs of electric signal of signal processing module amplify, Filtering Processing, the signal of output enters the frequency mixer 304 in the double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402, double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402 output first difference frequency signals and second difference frequency signal are to phase detector 401, and phase detector 401 calculates phase data output.
In an embodiment of the present invention, not only can realize the detection of phase differential by above-mentioned phase difference detection system, also can realize light wave transmissions distance or the measurement of time, Fig. 5 has gone out the structure of the distance-measuring device that the embodiment of the invention provides, for convenience of explanation, the part relevant with the embodiment of the invention only is shown.
The signal 1B that modulator 404 receives from double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402, measured target is modulated and be emitted to the light wave that light source 403 sends, light wave returns after being reflected by measured target, signal receiving module 405 receives return signal and carries out opto-electronic conversion, and the output electric signal is given the frequency mixer 304 in the double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402, double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402 output first difference frequency signals and second difference frequency signal are to phase detector 401, phase detector 401 calculates phase data and exports to computing module 501, and computing module 501 calculates light wave transmissions time or distance and output time or range data.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, above-mentioned distance-measuring device further comprises signal processing module 406, the multiplying arrangement that signal processing module 406 comprises the filtration unit that is used for filtered electrical signal and is used for electric signal is amplified.The electric signal of signal processing module 406 received signal receiver modules 405 output, to electric signal amplify, after the Filtering Processing, the signal of output enters the frequency mixer 304 in the double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit 402.Adopt signal processing module 406 to have effect anti-interference, amplifying signal, strengthened the intensity and the accuracy of return signal.
Fig. 6 shows the realization flow of the laser distance measurement method that the embodiment of the invention provides, and details are as follows:
In step S601, open circuit is carried out initialization to circuit;
In step S602, two crystal oscillators produce high-frequency oscillation signal, and crystal oscillator produces signal 1A and signal 1B, and crystal oscillator produces signal 2B and signal 2A;
In step S603, whether the high-frequency oscillation signal that judge to produce as local reference signal, is execution in step S608 then, otherwise execution in step S604;
In step S604, the light wave that produces according to signal 1A modulated light source, and light wave is emitted to measured target;
In step S605, utilize signal receiving module to receive return signal, and be converted to electric signal;
In step S606, signal processing module receives the electric signal from signal receiving module output, and signal is carried out filtering, amplification;
In step S607, frequency mixer is exported second difference frequency signal with signal 2B and return signal mixing;
In step S608, signal 1A and signal 2A are carried out mixing in this locality, export first difference frequency signal;
In step S609,, obtain phase differential to two difference frequency signal phase demodulations;
In step S510, according to gained phasometer evaluation time or distance.
Produce two high-frequency oscillation signals in the embodiment of the invention, each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, one the tunnel is used for local reference, one the tunnel is used for range finding, the local reference signal mixing is obtained one road difference frequency signal, and the reference signal of will finding range mixing obtains another road difference frequency signal, and the two-way difference frequency signal subtracts each other the phase differential that obtains signal transmission generation, can the high Precision Detection phase differential, can realize a millimeter level measuring accuracy.By adopting the circuit structure of bicrystal oscillator and double mixer, has the precision height, cost is low, the frequency long-time stability are good, low in energy consumption, volume is little, temperature susceplibility is low, adapt to modern integrated technique requirement plurality of advantages.In highly integrated system, can realize high-precision phase measurement, make the laser measurement precision reach a millimeter rank, and can reach 10MHz in modulating frequency and reach accuracy of detection below 0.05 degree when above, make the precision of laser measurement remain on a millimeter rank; Phaselocked loop device precision compared to existing technology is about per mille, possesses high oscillation frequency precision, can reach below the 20ppm, has higher degree of stability aspect frequency; Device is worked simultaneously and can be eliminated the device performance drift that environmental change brings in the double-crystal oscillation mixer circuit; Adopt signal processing module to have effect anti-interference, amplifying signal, strengthened the intensity and the accuracy of return signal; The total system cost adopts the system of PLL circuit low more than 30% simultaneously.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of being done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of phase difference detection method is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Produce the high-frequency oscillation signal of two different frequencies, each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, wherein one the tunnel is the local reference signal that is used for local reference, and one the tunnel is the distance measuring signal that is used to find range;
With the mixing of described two-way local reference signal, first difference frequency signal of output low frequency;
To send to the return signal that the measured target place is reflected according to the light wave of a drive test after the signal modulation, with another drive test apart from signal mixing, export second difference frequency signal;
Described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal are subtracted each other, obtain the phase differential of described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described light wave is laser, infrared ray or ultrasound wave.
3, a kind of twin crystal mixting circuit is characterized in that, described twin crystal mixting circuit comprises:
First crystal oscillator and second crystal oscillator, be used for producing respectively the high-frequency oscillation signal of two different frequencies, and each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, and wherein one the tunnel is the local reference signal that is used for local reference, the one tunnel is the distance measuring signal that is used to find range;
First frequency mixer is used for the mixing of described two-way local reference signal first difference frequency signal of output low frequency;
Second frequency mixer is used for and will sends to the return signal that the measured target place is reflected according to the light wave of a drive test after the signal modulation, with another drive test apart from signal mixing, export second difference frequency signal.
4, circuit as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described light wave is laser, infrared ray or ultrasound wave.
5, a kind of phase difference detection device that adopts the twin crystal mixting circuit realization of claim 3.
6, a kind of measurement mechanism that adopts the phase difference detection device realization of claim 5.
7, a kind of phase difference detection system is characterized in that described system comprises:
Light source is used to send light wave;
First crystal oscillator and second crystal oscillator, be used for producing respectively the high-frequency oscillation signal of two different frequencies, and each high-frequency oscillation signal is divided into two-way, and wherein one the tunnel is the local reference signal that is used for local reference, the one tunnel is the distance measuring signal that is used to find range;
First frequency mixer is used for the mixing of described two-way local reference signal first difference frequency signal of output low frequency;
Modulator, the light wave that is used for described light source is sent is modulated apart from signal according to a drive test, is emitted to measured target;
Signal receiving module, the light wave that is used to receive after the modulation sends to the return signal that the measured target place is reflected, and described return signal is converted to electric signal output;
Second frequency mixer is used for and will sends to the return signal that the measured target place is reflected according to the light wave of a drive test after the signal modulation, with another drive test apart from signal mixing, export second difference frequency signal; And
Phase detector is used for described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal are subtracted each other, and obtains the phase differential of described second difference frequency signal and first difference frequency signal.
8, system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described system also comprises:
Signal processing module is used for the electric signal of described signal receiving module output is carried out filtering or amplification.
As claim 7 or 8 described systems, it is characterized in that 9, described light wave is laser, infrared ray or ultrasound wave.
10, a kind of measurement mechanism that adopts the phase difference detection system realization of claim 7.
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