CN111504762A - Heating device and method for simulating heat damage of surrounding rock of roadway - Google Patents
Heating device and method for simulating heat damage of surrounding rock of roadway Download PDFInfo
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- CN111504762A CN111504762A CN202010298555.4A CN202010298555A CN111504762A CN 111504762 A CN111504762 A CN 111504762A CN 202010298555 A CN202010298555 A CN 202010298555A CN 111504762 A CN111504762 A CN 111504762A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heating device and a method for simulating heat damage of surrounding rocks of a roadway, wherein the heating device comprises a heating furnace body, an electric heating unit, a control console, a quartz glass tube, a vacuum pump, a sealing valve, a pressure release valve and a vacuum pressure gauge, through holes matched with the outer diameter of the quartz glass tube are formed in two side walls of the heating furnace body, the through holes are blocked by asbestos discs, the electric heating unit comprises a heating wire, a resistance area, a change-over switch and a power supply which are electrically connected, and the resistance area comprises an NTC thermistor and a PTC thermistor which are connected in parallel. By adopting the heating device and the method, on one hand, the rock sample can be heated in non-vacuum, complete vacuum and different vacuum degree states, and on the other hand, the heating curve of the rock sample is ensured to be basically consistent with the real heating curve of the surrounding rock of the roadway when a fire disaster occurs, so that the real thermal damage of the surrounding rock of the roadway after the fire disaster of the coal mine occurs can be simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering stability analysis after a fire disaster, in particular to a heating device and a heating method for simulating thermal damage of surrounding rocks of a roadway.
Background
Coal mine fire disasters are one of five disasters affecting coal mine safety production, and after fire disasters occur in a coal mine roadway, surrounding rocks can be thermally damaged due to continuous high-temperature environment, so that the strength of the surrounding rocks is reduced, even a surrounding rock top plate is collapsed, and the life safety of underground coal mine personnel is seriously endangered. After a mine fire occurs, the heat damage of the surrounding rock of the roadway is simulated by heating the rock sample in a laboratory, then a series of physical mechanical experiments are carried out on the sample, the change of the surrounding rock of the roadway relative to the physical mechanical property before the fire occurs is obtained, and the method has practical significance for guiding roadway support and analyzing the stability of the surrounding rock.
In the current laboratory, the thermal damage of the surrounding rock of the roadway after the mine fire disaster is simulated, usually, a rock sample is heated to 800-1000 ℃ in a common heating furnace, and after the rock sample is cooled to room temperature, the physical and mechanical properties of the rock sample are tested by utilizing equipment such as a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument, an MTS testing machine and the like. However, when a fire disaster occurs in a coal mine roadway, the heating rate and the heating environment of the surrounding rock are different from those of a sample heated in a common heating furnace, and the specific expression is as follows: 1. the heating rate of the surrounding rock of the roadway during the fire disaster is increased and then reduced, while the heating rate of the sample in a common heating furnace is constant, so that the real heating curve of the surrounding rock of the roadway during the fire disaster can not be reproduced; 2. in case of fire, roadway surrounding rock is actually damaged by heat in three environments, namely, an environment completely contacted with air, and mineral components of the surrounding rock chemically react with various gases in the air under the action of high temperature, so that the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock are changed under the combined action of the high temperature and the chemical reaction; secondly, the environment of air is completely isolated, under the action of high temperature, the mineral components in the surrounding rock do not chemically react with the gas components in the air, and only the high temperature causes the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock to change; thirdly, the environment is between complete contact and air isolation, when the surrounding rock is heated, the vacuum degree is gradually reduced along with the increase of the thickness of the surrounding rock, and the influence of chemical reaction on the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock is weaker and weaker; 3. due to different action mechanisms, after a fire disaster occurs in a roadway, the physical and mechanical properties of surrounding rocks in different environments have differences, and a sample is heated in a common heating furnace, so that the thermal damage of the surrounding rocks which are completely contacted with air after the fire disaster occurs in the roadway can be simulated, the thermal damage of the surrounding rocks in other environments can not be simulated, and the overall physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rocks after the fire disaster can not be reflected.
At present there is a tube furnace can utilize the vacuum pump with intraductal evacuation, provide a vacuum heating environment for the sample, but the tube furnace generally is used in the vacuum heating equipment of trades such as metallurgy, grinding apparatus, there is rarely tube furnace equipment in rock mechanics laboratory, purchase new tube furnace cost alone is higher, many rock mechanics laboratories do not yet possess the condition of heating the rock sample in the vacuum environment, and tube furnace and ordinary heating furnace all utilize ordinary resistance wire heating, the rate of rise of temperature all keeps unchangeable in the heating process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a heating device for simulating the thermal damage of the surrounding rock of the roadway, so that the rock sample can be heated in the fire environment of the coal mine roadway similar to the reality, and the real thermal damage of the surrounding rock of the roadway can be simulated. The invention also aims to provide a heating method which can simulate the thermal damage of surrounding rocks of a roadway in different vacuum degree states after a mine fire occurs and can simulate the thermal damage of the surrounding rocks of the roadway in the heating process with the change of the temperature rise rate.
The invention solves the problems through the following technical means:
a heating device for simulating heat damage of surrounding rocks of a roadway comprises a heating furnace body, an electric heating unit for heating a rock sample, a control console for controlling the heating process, a quartz glass tube for heating the rock sample in a way of isolating air from the rock sample, a vacuum pump for vacuumizing the quartz glass tube, a sealing valve for sealing the quartz glass tube, a pressure relief valve for protecting the quartz glass tube from pressure relief, and a vacuum pressure gauge for testing the pressure in the quartz glass tube, through holes matched with the outer diameter of the quartz glass tube are formed in both side walls of the heating furnace body and are blocked by the asbestos discs, the electric heating unit comprises a heating wire, a resistance area, a change-over switch and a power supply which are electrically connected, the resistance area comprises an NTC thermistor and a PTC thermistor which are connected in parallel, the change-over switch is electrically connected with the NTC thermistor and the PTC thermistor alternatively.
Furthermore, a rock wool plug for plugging two ends of the rock sample is arranged in the quartz glass tube.
Furthermore, the asbestos disc is detachably connected with the side wall of the heating furnace body through a bolt.
Further, the sealing valve is arranged at one end of the quartz glass tube connected with the vacuum pump, and the pressure release valve and the vacuum pressure gauge are arranged at the other end of the quartz glass tube.
Further, the two ends of the quartz glass tube are respectively connected with a suction pipeline and a pressure relief pipeline through flanges, the sealing valve and the pressure relief valve are respectively arranged on the suction pipeline and the pressure relief pipeline, and the vacuum pressure gauge is arranged on the pressure relief pipeline.
Further, the joint of the flange and the quartz glass tube is sealed by a sealing ring.
Further, the heating wire is a nickel-chromium heating wire.
Further, the NTC thermistor and the PTC thermistor are both made of ceramic materials.
A method for simulating the fire heating of surrounding rocks of a roadway by using the heating device as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
s1: sampling and grouping: dividing a tunnel surrounding rock structure into a non-vacuum heated zone, a non-complete vacuum heated zone and a complete vacuum heated zone from the surface to the inside in sequence, and respectively sampling and grouping the non-vacuum heated zone, the non-complete vacuum heated zone and the complete vacuum heated zone into a non-vacuum heated rock sample group, a non-complete vacuum heated rock sample group and a complete vacuum heated rock sample group;
s2: and (3) heating each group of rock sample groups respectively: when a non-vacuum heated rock sample group is heated, putting the rock sample into a heating furnace body, plugging through holes on two side walls of the heating furnace body through an asbestos disc, starting an electric heating unit to heat the rock sample, heating the rock sample to 1000 ℃, and then preserving heat for 2 hours; when a rock sample group heated in incomplete vacuum is heated, putting the rock sample into a quartz glass tube, plugging two ends of the rock sample by a rock wool plug, then inserting the quartz glass tube into a heating furnace body along a through hole in the side wall of the heating furnace body to enable the sample to be positioned at the central position in the heating furnace body, vacuumizing the quartz glass tube to a set vacuum degree, stopping vacuumizing and closing a sealing valve, starting an electric heating unit to heat the rock sample, heating the rock sample to 1000 ℃, and then preserving heat for 2 hours; when a rock sample group heated in a complete vacuum mode is heated, the rock sample is placed into a quartz glass tube, two ends of the rock sample are plugged by a rock wool plug, then the quartz glass tube is inserted into a heating furnace body along a through hole in the side wall of the heating furnace body, the sample is located in the center position in the heating furnace body, vacuumizing of the quartz glass tube is stopped after the quartz glass tube is completely vacuumized, a sealing valve is closed, an electric heating unit is started to heat the rock sample, the rock sample is heated to 1000 ℃, and then heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours;
the specific process of heating each group of rock samples through the electric heating unit is as follows: initially adjusting the switch to be electrically conducted with the NTC thermistor, wherein the total resistance of the heating circuit is reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the power is continuously increased, and the heating rate is also continuously increased; when the temperature of the sample rises to the critical temperature at which the temperature rise rate of the surrounding rock of the roadway begins to decrease in the actual fire, the change-over switch is adjusted to be electrically communicated with the PTC thermistor, and at the moment, the total resistance of the heating circuit increases along with the increase of the temperature, the power is continuously reduced, and the heating rate is also continuously reduced.
Further, the incomplete vacuum heated zone is divided into a-0.02 MPa vacuum degree heated zone, a-0.04 MPa vacuum degree heated zone, a-0.06 MPa vacuum degree heated zone and a-0.08 MPa vacuum degree heated zone, rock samples of each vacuum degree heated zone are sampled and prepared, the rock samples of each vacuum degree heated zone are heated in a mode of heating the incomplete vacuum heated rock sample group, and during heating, the vacuum pumping degree in the quartz glass tube is matched with the vacuum degree of the heated zone in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a heating device and a method for simulating heat damage of roadway surrounding rock, on one hand, a rock sample is directly heated by a heating furnace body or heated by a quartz glass tube and different vacuum degrees are extracted from the quartz glass tube, the rock sample can be heated under the conditions of non-vacuum, complete vacuum and different vacuum degrees, on the other hand, by modifying the heating circuit, during heating, the heating circuit is switched between a series NTC thermistor (the resistance value is reduced along with the temperature rise) or a series PTC thermistor (the resistance value is increased along with the temperature rise), so that the heating rate of the rock sample is increased and then reduced, the temperature rise curve of the rock sample is ensured to be basically consistent with the real temperature rise curve of the roadway surrounding rock when a fire disaster occurs, and the real thermal damage of the roadway surrounding rock after the fire disaster occurs in a coal mine can be simulated, the method has basic significance for testing the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock of the roadway and analyzing the stability of the surrounding rock after a fire disaster occurs.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a heating apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrical heating unit;
FIG. 3 is a curve of resistance values of NTC and PTC thermistors varying with temperature;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of the wall rock in different vacuum degree states.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-2: the embodiment provides a heating device for simulating roadway surrounding rock thermal damage, which comprises a heating furnace body 1, an electric heating unit for heating a rock sample 13, a control console 7 for controlling the heating process, a quartz glass tube 6 for insulating the rock sample 13 from air and heating, a vacuum pump 8 for vacuumizing the quartz glass tube 6, a sealing valve 9 for sealing the quartz glass tube 6, a pressure release valve 5 for performing pressure release protection on the quartz glass tube 6, and a vacuum pressure gauge 4 for testing the pressure in the quartz glass tube 6.
Through-hole 11 that matches with quartz glass pipe external diameter is all seted up to the both sides wall of heating furnace body 1, through-hole 11 passes through asbestos disc 10 shutoff, asbestos disc 10 passes through the bolt and can dismantle with heating furnace body 1 lateral wall and be connected. The electric heating unit comprises a nickel-chromium heating wire 14, a resistance area, a change-over switch 18 and a power supply 17 which are electrically connected, wherein the resistance area comprises an NTC thermistor 15 and a PTC thermistor 16 which are connected in parallel, and the change-over switch 18 is electrically connected with one of the NTC thermistor 15 and the PTC thermistor 16.
The inner diameter of the quartz glass tube 6 is determined by a rock sample 13, in the embodiment, in order to meet the requirement of the international rock mechanics society on the size of the rock sample, the rock sample is a cylindrical sandstone sample with the diameter of 50mm and the height of 100mm, so that the inner diameter of the selected quartz glass tube is 60 mm; the through hole interval of heating furnace body both sides wall is 400mm, and the heating interval length in the furnace chamber is 250mm, and the asbestos plug diameter at sample both ends is 50mm, and height is 50mm, and the length of quartz glass pipe is 700 mm. The minimum scale unit of the vacuum pressure gauge is 0.01Mpa, and the vacuum degree in the quartz glass tube can be adjusted by controlling the working time of the vacuum pump.
The sealing valve 9 is arranged at one end of the quartz glass tube 6 connected with the vacuum pump 8, the pressure release valve 5 and the vacuum pressure gauge 4 are arranged at the other end of the quartz glass tube 6, particularly, the two ends of the quartz glass tube 6 are respectively connected with a suction pipeline and a pressure release pipeline through the flange 3, the sealing valve 9 and the pressure release valve 5 are respectively arranged on the suction pipeline and the pressure release pipeline, the vacuum pressure gauge 4 is arranged on the pressure release pipeline, and the joint of the flange 3 and the quartz glass tube 6 is sealed through the sealing ring 2.
The NTC thermistor 15 and the PTC thermistor 16 are both made of ceramic materials, and the applicable temperature range is 0-1500 ℃. The thermistor prepared from the ceramic does not have a heating function, so that the temperature of the heating circuit in the heating furnace is prevented from sudden change after the thermistor is replaced.
The method for simulating the heating of the surrounding rock fire of the roadway by using the heating device as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
s1: sampling and grouping: dividing a tunnel surrounding rock structure into a non-vacuum heated zone, a non-complete vacuum heated zone and a complete vacuum heated zone from the surface to the inside in sequence, and respectively sampling and grouping the non-vacuum heated zone, the non-complete vacuum heated zone and the complete vacuum heated zone into a non-vacuum heated rock sample group, a non-complete vacuum heated rock sample group and a complete vacuum heated rock sample group;
s2: and (3) heating each group of rock sample groups respectively: when a non-vacuum heated rock sample group is heated, putting the rock sample into a heating furnace body, plugging through holes on two side walls of the heating furnace body through an asbestos disc, starting an electric heating unit to heat the rock sample, heating the rock sample to 1000 ℃, and then preserving heat for 2 hours; when a rock sample group heated in incomplete vacuum is heated, putting the rock sample into a quartz glass tube, plugging two ends of the rock sample by a rock wool plug, then inserting the quartz glass tube into a heating furnace body along a through hole in the side wall of the heating furnace body to enable the sample to be positioned at the central position in the heating furnace body, vacuumizing the quartz glass tube to a set vacuum degree, stopping vacuumizing and closing a sealing valve, starting an electric heating unit to heat the rock sample, heating the rock sample to 1000 ℃, and then preserving heat for 2 hours; when a rock sample group heated in a complete vacuum mode is heated, the rock sample is placed into a quartz glass tube, two ends of the rock sample are plugged by a rock wool plug, then the quartz glass tube is inserted into a heating furnace body along a through hole in the side wall of the heating furnace body, the sample is located in the center position in the heating furnace body, vacuumizing of the quartz glass tube is stopped after the quartz glass tube is completely vacuumized, a sealing valve is closed, an electric heating unit is started to heat the rock sample, the rock sample is heated to 1000 ℃, and then heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours;
the specific process of heating each group of rock samples through the electric heating unit is as follows: initially adjusting the switch to be electrically conducted with the NTC thermistor, wherein the total resistance of the heating circuit is reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the power is continuously increased, and the heating rate is also continuously increased; as shown in fig. 3, when the console shows that the temperature of the sample rises to the critical temperature at which the temperature rise rate of the surrounding rock of the roadway begins to decrease in the actual fire, the change-over switch is adjusted to be electrically communicated with the PTC thermistor, and at the moment, the heating circuit increases with the rise of the temperature, the total resistance increases, the power continuously decreases, and the heating rate also continuously decreases.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the incomplete vacuum heated zone is divided into a-0.02 MPa vacuum degree heated zone, a-0.04 MPa vacuum degree heated zone, a-0.06 MPa vacuum degree heated zone and a-0.08 MPa vacuum degree heated zone, the rock of each vacuum degree heated zone is sampled and sampled, the rock sample of each vacuum degree heated zone is heated by adopting a heating mode of the incomplete vacuum heated rock sample group, and the vacuum pumping degree in the quartz glass tube is matched with the vacuum degree of the heated zone in a one-to-one correspondence mode during heating.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a heating device of simulation tunnel country rock heat damage which characterized in that: including heating furnace body, carry out the electric heating unit that heats to the rock sample, carry out the control cabinet that controls to the heating process, make the quartz glass pipe that the isolated air of rock sample was heated, carry out the vacuum pump of evacuation to the quartz glass pipe, make the quartz glass pipe be in encapsulated situation's seal valve, carry out the relief valve of pressure release protection and carry out the vacuum pressure gauge that tests to quartz glass intraductal pressure to the quartz glass pipe, the through-hole that matches with quartz glass pipe external diameter is all seted up to the both sides wall of heating furnace body, the through-hole passes through the asbestos dish shutoff, electric heating unit includes electric connection's heater strip, resistance district, change over switch and power, the resistance district includes parallelly connected NTC thermistor and PTC thermistor, change over switch and NTC thermistor and PTC thermistor between the alternative electricity be connected.
2. The heating device for simulating roadway surrounding rock thermal damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a rock wool plug for plugging two ends of the rock sample is arranged in the quartz glass tube.
3. The heating device for simulating roadway surrounding rock thermal damage according to claim 2, characterized in that: the asbestos disc is detachably connected with the side wall of the heating furnace body through a bolt.
4. The heating device for simulating roadway surrounding rock thermal damage according to claim 3, characterized in that: the sealing valve is arranged at one end of the quartz glass tube connected with the vacuum pump, and the pressure release valve and the vacuum pressure gauge are arranged at the other end of the quartz glass tube.
5. The heating device for simulating roadway surrounding rock thermal damage according to claim 4, characterized in that: the two ends of the quartz glass tube are respectively connected with a suction pipeline and a pressure relief pipeline through flanges, the sealing valve and the pressure relief valve are respectively arranged on the suction pipeline and the pressure relief pipeline, and the vacuum pressure gauge is arranged on the pressure relief pipeline.
6. The heating device for simulating roadway surrounding rock thermal damage according to claim 5, characterized in that: the joint of the flange and the quartz glass tube is sealed by a sealing ring.
7. The heating device for simulating roadway surrounding rock thermal damage according to claim 6, characterized in that: the heating wires are nickel-chromium heating wires.
8. The heating device for simulating roadway surrounding rock thermal damage according to claim 7, characterized in that: the NTC thermistor and the PTC thermistor are both made of ceramic materials.
9. A method for simulating the fire heating of surrounding rocks of a roadway by using the heating device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: sampling and grouping: dividing a tunnel surrounding rock structure into a non-vacuum heated zone, a non-complete vacuum heated zone and a complete vacuum heated zone from the surface to the inside in sequence, and respectively sampling and grouping the non-vacuum heated zone, the non-complete vacuum heated zone and the complete vacuum heated zone into a non-vacuum heated rock sample group, a non-complete vacuum heated rock sample group and a complete vacuum heated rock sample group;
s2: and (3) heating each group of rock sample groups respectively: when a non-vacuum heated rock sample group is heated, putting the rock sample into a heating furnace body, plugging through holes on two side walls of the heating furnace body through an asbestos disc, starting an electric heating unit to heat the rock sample, heating the rock sample to 1000 ℃, and then preserving heat for 2 hours; when a rock sample group heated in incomplete vacuum is heated, putting the rock sample into a quartz glass tube, plugging two ends of the rock sample by a rock wool plug, then inserting the quartz glass tube into a heating furnace body along a through hole in the side wall of the heating furnace body to enable the sample to be positioned at the central position in the heating furnace body, vacuumizing the quartz glass tube to a set vacuum degree, stopping vacuumizing and closing a sealing valve, starting an electric heating unit to heat the rock sample, heating the rock sample to 1000 ℃, and then preserving heat for 2 hours; when a rock sample group heated in a complete vacuum mode is heated, the rock sample is placed into a quartz glass tube, two ends of the rock sample are plugged by a rock wool plug, then the quartz glass tube is inserted into a heating furnace body along a through hole in the side wall of the heating furnace body, the sample is located in the center position in the heating furnace body, vacuumizing of the quartz glass tube is stopped after the quartz glass tube is completely vacuumized, a sealing valve is closed, an electric heating unit is started to heat the rock sample, the rock sample is heated to 1000 ℃, and then heat preservation is carried out for 2 hours;
the specific process of heating each group of rock samples through the electric heating unit is as follows: initially adjusting the switch to be electrically conducted with the NTC thermistor, wherein the total resistance of the heating circuit is reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the power is continuously increased, and the heating rate is also continuously increased; when the temperature of the sample rises to the critical temperature at which the temperature rise rate of the surrounding rock of the roadway begins to decrease in the actual fire, the change-over switch is adjusted to be electrically communicated with the PTC thermistor, and at the moment, the total resistance of the heating circuit increases along with the increase of the temperature, the power is continuously reduced, and the heating rate is also continuously reduced.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the method comprises the steps of dividing a non-complete vacuum heated zone into a-0.02 MPa vacuum degree heated zone, a-0.04 MPa vacuum degree heated zone, a-0.06 MPa vacuum degree heated zone and a-0.08 MPa vacuum degree heated zone, sampling and preparing rocks of each vacuum degree heated zone, heating rock samples of each vacuum degree heated zone in a non-complete vacuum heated rock sample group heating mode, and matching the degree of vacuum pumping in a quartz glass tube with the vacuum degree of the heated zone in a one-to-one correspondence mode during heating.
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| CN202010298555.4A CN111504762B (en) | 2020-04-16 | 2020-04-16 | Heating device and method for simulating heat damage of surrounding rock of roadway |
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| CN202010298555.4A CN111504762B (en) | 2020-04-16 | 2020-04-16 | Heating device and method for simulating heat damage of surrounding rock of roadway |
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| CN115856195A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Indoor fire source loading method for simulating real fire of underground tunnel |
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| CN115856195A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-28 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Indoor fire source loading method for simulating real fire of underground tunnel |
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| CN111504762B (en) | 2021-09-17 |
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