CN109444215B - Unsteady ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test device and test method - Google Patents
Unsteady ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The invention discloses an unsteady state ultrahigh temperature heat insulation performance test device and a test method, wherein the unsteady state ultrahigh temperature heat insulation performance test device comprises a heating furnace and a hollow test bed; the heating furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises a furnace shell, an electric heating body arranged in the furnace shell and a furnace shell heat preservation layer arranged between the electric heating body and the furnace shell; the furnace shell is connected with the test bed to form a closed first cavity; the sample bin is connected with the test bed to form a closed second cavity, and the second cavity is communicated with the first cavity to form a cavity structure; the test bed and the furnace shell are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with the inside and the outside, and the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively provided with a valve. The device disclosed by the invention simultaneously realizes the use environments of the heat insulation materials for the high-speed aircraft power device, such as a closed environment, high heat flux density, unsteady state test, multiple samples and the like.
Description
Technical field device
The invention relates to the technical field of heat insulation performance tests, in particular to an unsteady ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test device and a test method.
Background
The current testing device for the high-temperature heat insulation performance of the heat insulation material can be divided into the following types, the first type of material heat insulation performance testing device is an irradiation type heat insulation testing device, wherein an irradiation light source is mainly a quartz lamp (CN 101907422B, CN103439133A, CN104064929A, CN 102967623A), a small number of light sources of the devices are laser (CN 103196943A), the greatest defects of the devices are that only infrared irradiation is adopted to heat a sample, the heat flux density is relatively low, the measuring environment is mostly open or semi-closed (sample part heat insulation), and the sample can perform spontaneous radiation and convection heat transfer with surrounding air when receiving heat flux to heat. In addition, such devices typically have a test temperature below 1400 ℃, which is difficult to simulate in practical applications. The second type of heat insulation performance testing device has the common characteristics of high testing temperature, flame temperature up to 2000 ℃ and plasma flame up to 4000 ℃. Such devices are open because of the large amounts of exhaust gas generated by flame heating. And because the flame directly heats the sample, airflow erosion effect can be generated on the sample. The third type is a flat plate heat insulation performance measuring device adopting a heating element for electric heating, mainly adopting a silicon carbide or molybdenum disilicide heating element, wherein the highest temperature is not more than 1600 ℃, the device can only measure in air atmosphere, and the testing environment is closed. The fourth type is a wind tunnel test device, and the device can simulate the actual working conditions of high-speed aircrafts such as missiles to the greatest extent, but the equipment has extremely high construction and use cost and long test period, is suitable for complete machine simulation test, and is not suitable for conventional material performance research.
In order to solve the defects of the four heat insulation performance testing devices, the first type of equipment (low testing temperature and low heat flux density), the second type of equipment (large amount of gas production and open testing environment), the third type of equipment (low testing temperature), and the fourth type of equipment (high cost, long testing period and difficult sample preparation, and unsuitable for scientific research), the application invents a totally-enclosed ultrahigh temperature heat insulation performance testing device (CN 104569046A) which can be applied to the temperature above 2000 ℃, and the device is found by use, although the totally-enclosed ultrahigh temperature testing environment is realized, the heating time exceeds 30 minutes due to relatively slow heating speed. The temperature rise time is too long, so that the heat of the heating element radiates to the heat-insulating material and the sample of the furnace body, the environmental temperature in the whole furnace body is increased, and the sample reaches a higher temperature before the temperature reaches the test temperature, so that the test environment reaches a steady-state heat transfer test, and the application conditions of the heat transfer device are greatly different from the application conditions of unsteady-state heat transfer of the heat-insulating material of a high-speed aircraft such as a missile.
In summary, through the inquiry of related documents, no device for testing the heat insulation performance of unsteady closed ultra-high temperature (more than 2200 ℃) exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the embodiment of the invention provides an unsteady ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test device and a test method, and mainly aims to provide an ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test under a closed environment, so that the test simulates actual working conditions to the maximum extent.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions:
in one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an unsteady ultra-high temperature insulation performance test apparatus, including:
a hollow test stand;
the heating furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises a furnace shell, an electric heating body arranged in the furnace shell and a furnace shell heat preservation layer arranged between the electric heating body and the furnace shell; the furnace shell is connected with the test bed to form a closed first cavity;
the sample bin is connected with the test bed to form a closed second cavity, and the second cavity is communicated with the first cavity to form a cavity structure;
the test bed and the furnace shell are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with the inside and the outside, and the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively provided with a valve.
Preferably, the top surface of the test stand is provided with a plurality of round holes; the device comprises a test bed, a rotatable support and a lifting device, wherein the rotatable support longitudinally penetrates through the test bed and can drive the support to vertically move, a first sample tray for placing heat insulation materials and a plurality of second sample trays for placing samples are fixedly connected after the rotatable support penetrates through a plurality of round holes, the first sample tray and the second sample tray protrude above the top surface of the test bed, and the second sample tray can rotate 0-360 degrees under the drive of the rotatable support so as to be convenient for replacing samples; the furnace shell is connected with the lifting device, and the furnace body is connected with or separated from the test bed under the drive of the lifting device.
Preferably, when the furnace body is connected with the test bed, the lower end of the furnace shell is fixed on the top surface of the test bed and is sealed by a sealing piece.
Preferably, when the sample bin is connected with the test bed, the lower end of the sample bin is fixed on the top surface of the test bed and is sealed by a sealing piece.
Preferably, the electric heating body is fixedly connected with a copper electrode, and the electrode penetrates through the furnace shell and then is connected with a cable; the electric heating body is contacted with the heat conduction gasket arranged on the top surface of the sample, and the electric heating body realizes contact heat conduction with the sample through the heat conduction gasket.
Preferably, the electric heating body is a graphite electric heating body; the heat conducting gasket is an insulator.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the sample temperature measuring unit is used for measuring the cold surface temperature of the sample;
and the electric heating body temperature measuring unit is used for measuring the temperature of the electric heating body.
Preferably, the sample temperature measuring unit is an infrared temperature measuring sensor arranged at the lower part of the test bed; the electric heating body temperature measuring unit is an infrared temperature measuring sensor arranged on the furnace shell.
Preferably, the device further comprises a computer control unit, and the computer control unit is used for converting, storing and analyzing the sample cold surface temperature data acquired by the sample temperature measuring unit and the electric heating body temperature data acquired by the electric heating body temperature measuring unit.
Preferably, the temperature measuring device also comprises a control instrument unit for controlling the sample temperature measuring unit to measure the sample temperature and the electric heating body temperature measuring unit to measure the temperature of the electric heating body; the control instrument unit also controls the temperature rising rate, the final temperature, the air inlet flow, the air inlet and the valve opening and closing of the air outlet of the electric heating body.
Preferably, the computer control unit and the control instrument unit are integrated in a control cabinet.
Preferably, the furnace shell and the test stand are respectively provided with a water jacket made of metal.
Preferably, the water jacket is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet respectively.
Preferably, the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively provided with a manual valve and an electromagnetic valve.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention provides an unsteady state ultrahigh temperature heat insulation performance test method, which adopts the test device and comprises the following steps:
step one, separating a sample bin from a test bed, placing a sample to be tested in a second sample tray on a plurality of rotatable supports, covering the sample with a heat-conducting gasket, and locking and sealing the sample bin and the test bed;
connecting the sample bin with the test bed, forming a closed cavity structure among the sample bin, the furnace body and the test bed, and introducing cooling water into the water jackets of the furnace body and the test bed;
closing the air inlet and the air outlet, pumping the cavity structure to a certain vacuum degree through the air outlet by using a vacuum pump, then filling nitrogen into the cavity structure to 1 standard atmosphere through the air inlet, opening the air inlet to fill protective gas into the cavity structure, closing the air inlet, starting the vacuum pump again to pump the cavity structure to a certain vacuum degree, and filling the protective gas into the cavity structure to 1 standard atmosphere through the air inlet;
controlling the electric heating body to heat according to a set heating scheme;
step five, the temperature of the electric heating body is measured by the electric heating body temperature measuring unit, and the heat preservation is carried out after the heating body reaches the set final temperature;
step six, after the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, starting a sample replacement operation by using a rotatable bracket, wherein only heat preservation materials in the furnace body block heat, and simultaneously descending a first sample tray and a plurality of second sample trays which are positioned on the rotatable bracket, rotating by 90 degrees after descending to limit, resetting to the original height after rotating, so as to ensure that the samples are in seamless contact with the heat conducting gaskets and the electric heating body;
step seven, repeating the step six after the sample test reaches the set time to measure the rest samples, finishing heating after all the measurement is finished, and closing the gas and the power supply when the furnace body is cooled to below 100 ℃;
and step eight, exhausting air through an air outlet or supplementing protective gas through an air inlet in the heating process so as to maintain the pressure in the cavity structure.
Preferably, the pressure in the cavity structure is reduced to 20mbar by means of a vacuum pump.
Preferably, the shielding gas is argon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device disclosed by the invention simultaneously realizes the use environments of the heat insulation material for the high-speed aircraft power device in a closed environment, such as high heat flux (the heat-generating body is in direct contact with the sample for heat transfer), unsteady state test (the temperature of the sample is changed from room temperature to 2450 ℃ in a cold surface, and the temperature of the sample is quickly increased), multiple samples (4 to 6 samples can be measured after one temperature increase) and the like. The ultra-high temperature testing method for the heat insulation material is high in simulation degree of environmental elements, strong in data result guidance, economical and convenient, and has a great pushing effect on the development of the ultra-high temperature heat insulation material.
The device can fill the technical blank in the field of ultra-high temperature unsteady state heat insulation performance test, can effectively simulate the use condition of heat insulation materials of a high-speed aircraft engine, realizes the unsteady state heat insulation test of samples in a preset ultra-high temperature environment through the sample rotating bracket, can measure a plurality of samples simultaneously, shortens the test period, and has the characteristics of high simulation degree, convenience in operation, practicability, economy and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an unsteady ultra-high temperature insulation performance test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of an unstable ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto. In the following description, different "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner. The prior art may be used wherever this is not the case.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an unsteady ultra-high temperature insulation performance test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of an unstable ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test apparatus includes:
a hollow test stand 100;
the heating furnace 200 comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises a furnace shell 201, an electric heating body 202 arranged in the furnace shell 201 and a furnace shell heat preservation layer arranged between the electric heating body 202 and the furnace shell 201, and the furnace shell 201 is connected with the test bed 100 to form a closed first cavity;
the sample bin 300 is connected with the test bench 100 to form a closed second cavity, and the second cavity is communicated with the first cavity to form a cavity structure;
the test bed 100 and the furnace shell 201 are respectively provided with an air inlet 101 and an air outlet 203 which are communicated with the inside and the outside, and the air inlet 101 and the air outlet 203 are respectively provided with a manual valve and an electromagnetic valve. The manual valve is used for opening and closing the air inlet 101 and the air outlet 203 when vacuumizing and filling the protective gas in the test preparation stage, the electromagnetic valve is used for automatically controlling the pressure in the cavity structure and the outside balance through the computer control unit 800 and the control instrument unit 900 in the test process, and certainly, for achieving the purpose, the pressure sensor in the control instrument unit 900 is used for acquiring the pressure information in the cavity structure and transmitting the pressure information to the computer control unit 800.
Preferably, the top surface of the test stand 100 is provided with a plurality of round holes.
As a preferable example of the above embodiment, the device further includes a rotatable support 400 longitudinally penetrating through the test stand and a lifting device 500 capable of driving the rotatable support 400 to move vertically, wherein a first sample tray 401 for placing a thermal insulation material and three second sample trays 402 for placing samples are fixedly connected after the rotatable support 400 passes through a plurality of round holes, and the first sample tray 401 and the second sample trays 402 protrude above the top surface of the test stand 100, as can be seen from fig. 1, the rotatable support 400 may be implemented as a four sample support distributed at 90 °, or may be designed as a 5 sample support distributed at 72 ° and a 6 sample support distributed at 60 °, and due to a large space occupied by a furnace body, more than 6 sample supports are not necessarily arranged for completing the rotation lifting operation; the second sample plate 402 can be rotated 0-360 degrees under the driving of the rotatable support 400 to facilitate the replacement of the sample. In particular, the first sample plate 401 and the second sample plate 402 have an inner diameter of about 100mm. The furnace shell 201 is connected with the lifting device 500, and the furnace body is connected with or separated from the test stand 100 under the drive of the lifting device 500. The specific structure of the lifting device 500 may be selected from the prior art, and will not be described herein. The lifting device 500 can limit the furnace body at any position, namely, when the furnace body is connected with the test stand 100, the lifting device 500 also plays a role in fixing and limiting the furnace body.
As a preferable example of the above embodiment, the electric heating body 202 is fixedly connected with a copper electrode 204, and the copper electrode 204 is connected with a cable after passing through the furnace shell 201.
As a preferred embodiment of the foregoing embodiment, the electric heating body 202 is in contact with the heat-conducting pad 302 disposed on the top surface of the sample 301, and the electric heating body 202 and the sample 301 implement contact heat conduction through the heat-conducting pad 302, and the three are in close contact to ensure the heat flow density of the contact heat conduction.
Preferably, in the above embodiment, when the furnace body is connected to the test stand 100, the lower end of the furnace shell 201 is fixed to the top surface of the test stand 100 and sealed by a sealing member. The sealing member is typically a sealing ring, and the sealing ring is arranged at the joint of the furnace body and the test stand 100.
Preferably, in the above embodiment, when the sample chamber 300 is connected to the test stand 100, the lower end of the sample chamber 300 is fixed to the top surface of the test stand 100 and sealed by a sealing member. The seal member is typically a seal ring, which is disposed at the junction of the sample chamber 300 and the test stand 100.
The invention can simulate the environmental conditions of the heat insulating material in the high-speed aircraft, namely the unsteady heat transfer conditions performed under the ultra-high temperature, high heat flow and closed environment. The direct contact type heat conduction of the heating body is adopted to realize high heat flux density; the sample rotating and lifting device is adopted to realize unsteady state and multiple sample testing, so that the testing environment can simulate the actual working condition to the maximum extent.
As a preference to the above embodiment, the electric heater 202 is a graphite electric heater. The graphite electric heating body has high heating temperature up to 2450 ℃, stable performance and capability of realizing ultrahigh-temperature heat insulation performance test. The electric heating body 202 is connected to a power source outside the furnace body through a lead wire (not shown) which can be extended from the furnace body from a suitable position.
Preferably, the heat conductive pad 302 is an insulator. The surface of the graphite electric heating body adopted in the method is not required to be provided with an insulating layer, so that the requirement on the graphite electric heating body is low, and the low cost is facilitated.
As a preference of the above embodiment, further comprising:
the sample temperature measuring unit is used for measuring the cold surface temperature of the sample;
and the electric heating body temperature measuring unit is used for measuring the temperature of the electric heating body. And comparing the measured temperature with a set heating system, and adjusting the output power of the electric heating body according to feedback to realize that the measured temperature is identical with the target temperature.
Preferably, the sample temperature measuring unit 600 is an infrared temperature measuring sensor arranged at the lower part of the test stand 100; the electric heating body temperature measuring unit 700 is an infrared temperature measuring sensor arranged on the furnace shell. The temperature of the electric heater 202 is higher, so that an infrared temperature measurement mode is more suitable. The infrared temperature sensor is connected into the furnace shell 201 and the test stand 100 through a quartz glass tube (not shown) and a quartz glass tube (not shown), respectively.
As a preferred embodiment of the foregoing disclosure, the apparatus further includes a computer control unit 800 for converting, storing and analyzing the hot-surface temperature data and the cold-surface temperature data of the sample obtained by the sample temperature measurement unit 600 and the temperature data of the electric heater obtained by the electric heater temperature measurement unit 700, where the computer control unit 800 further controls the temperature rising rate and the final temperature of the electric heater 202. The temperature measuring device also comprises a control instrument unit 900, a sample temperature measuring unit 600 and an electric heating body temperature measuring unit 700, wherein the control instrument unit is used for controlling the sample temperature measuring unit 600 to measure the sample temperature and the electric heating body temperature measuring unit 700 to measure the electric heating body temperature; the rate of temperature rise and the final temperature of the electric heater 202 are also controlled. The computer control unit 800 and the control instrument unit 900 can not only realize the automatic control of the test process, but also store and analyze the test data to obtain the corresponding test result.
Preferably, the computer control unit 800 and the control instrument unit 900 are integrated in a control cabinet. A hose for coating the power cable, the electric wire and the signal wire is fixedly connected between the control cabinet and the test stand 100.
Preferably, in the above embodiment, the furnace shell 201 and the test stand 100 are provided with a furnace body water jacket 207 and a test stand water jacket 104 made of metal, respectively. A first water inlet 205 and a first water outlet 206 are respectively arranged on the furnace body water jacket 207; the test bed water jacket 104 is provided with a second water inlet 102 and a second water outlet 103, respectively. The specific construction of the furnace body water jacket 207 and the test bed water jacket 104 are selected from the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for testing ultrahigh-temperature heat insulation performance, which adopts the testing device of any embodiment, and comprises the following steps:
step one, separating the sample bin 300 from the test stand 100, placing a sample 301 to be tested in a second sample tray 402 on a rotatable support 400, covering the sample 301 with a heat conducting gasket 302, and locking and sealing the sample bin 300 and the test stand 100;
step two, connecting a sample bin 300 with the test bed 100, forming a closed cavity structure among the sample bin 300, the furnace body and the test bed 100, and introducing cooling water into the furnace body and the water jacket of the test bed 100;
step three, closing the air inlet 101 and the air outlet 203, pumping the cavity structure to a certain vacuum degree through the air outlet 203 by using a vacuum pump, then filling nitrogen into the cavity structure through the air inlet 101 to 1 standard atmosphere, opening the air inlet to fill protective gas into the cavity structure, closing the air inlet 101, restarting the vacuum pump to pump the cavity structure to a certain vacuum degree, and filling the protective gas into the cavity structure through the air inlet 101 to 1 standard atmosphere;
step four, controlling the electric heating body 202 to heat according to a set heating scheme;
fifthly, the temperature of the electric heating body is measured by the electric heating body temperature measuring unit 700, and the electric heating body enters into heat preservation after reaching the set final temperature;
step six, after the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, the rotatable bracket 400 can be utilized to start the operation of replacing the sample, at this time, no sample 301 exists in the furnace body, only the heat preservation material 303 is used for blocking heat (so as to prevent a large amount of heat from entering the inner cavity of the test bed), one first sample plate 401 and three second sample plates 402 positioned on the rotatable bracket 400 are simultaneously lowered, 90-degree rotation is performed after the first sample plate and the third sample plate are lowered to a limit (the samples 301 on the three second sample plates 402 are all positioned in the inner cavity of the test bed), and the sample 301 is reset to the original height after rotation, so that the sample 301 is ensured to be in seamless contact with the heat conducting gasket 302 and the electric heating body 202. The middle part of the heat insulation material 303 positioned at the lower part of the sample 301 is provided with a round hole, so that the temperature change of the lower part of the sample can be measured by the sample temperature measuring unit 600 positioned at the lower part of the test stand 100. The sampling data of the upper infrared temperature measuring device and the lower infrared temperature measuring device are drawn into curves on a computer measurement interface through the computer control unit 800 and the control instrument unit 900.
And step seven, after the sample test reaches the set time, repeating the step six, namely measuring a second sample and a third sample, finishing the heating procedure after all the measurement, and turning off the gas and the power supply when the furnace body is cooled to below 100 ℃.
Step eight, exhausting through the air outlet 203 or supplementing protective gas through the air inlet 101 during the test to maintain the pressure (micro positive pressure) in the cavity structure. And finishing after the test is finished, and analyzing data.
Wherein the pressure in the cavity structure is reduced to 20mbar by means of a vacuum pump. The shielding gas is argon. Of course, nitrogen may be first introduced into the furnace body, and argon may be introduced after the last introduction of the shielding gas.
According to the invention, the furnace body is preheated to ultrahigh temperature (more than 2000 ℃), and the rotatable bracket is used for placing the cold sample under the ultrahigh temperature condition for testing, so that the unsteady state test of the sample under the condition that the temperature of the sample is quickly increased from room temperature to ultrahigh temperature is realized.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An unsteady state superhigh temperature heat insulation performance test device, characterized by comprising:
a hollow test stand;
the heating furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body comprises a furnace shell, an electric heating body arranged in the furnace shell and a furnace shell heat preservation layer arranged between the electric heating body and the furnace shell; the furnace shell is connected with the test bed to form a closed first cavity;
the sample bin is connected with the test bed to form a closed second cavity, and the second cavity is communicated with the first cavity to form a cavity structure;
the test bed and the furnace shell are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet which are communicated with the inside and the outside, and the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively provided with a valve;
the electric heating body is a graphite electric heating body; the top surface of the test bed is provided with a plurality of round holes; the device comprises a test bed, a rotatable support and a lifting device, wherein the rotatable support longitudinally penetrates through the test bed and can drive the support to vertically move, a first sample tray for placing heat insulation materials and a plurality of second sample trays for placing samples are fixedly connected after the rotatable support penetrates through a plurality of round holes, the first sample tray and the second sample tray protrude above the top surface of the test bed, and the second sample tray can rotate for 0-360 degrees under the drive of the rotatable support; the furnace shell is connected with the lifting device, and the furnace body is connected with or separated from the test bed under the drive of the lifting device.
2. The ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the furnace body is connected with the test stand, the lower end of the furnace shell is fixed to the top surface of the test stand and sealed by the sealing member.
3. The ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the sample chamber is fixed to the top surface of the test stand and sealed by a sealing member when the sample chamber is connected to the test stand.
4. The ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test device according to claim 1, wherein the electric heating body is fixedly connected with a copper electrode, and the electrode penetrates through the furnace shell and then is connected with a cable; the electric heating body is contacted with the heat conduction gasket arranged on the top surface of the sample, and the electric heating body realizes contact heat conduction with the sample through the heat conduction gasket.
5. The ultra-high temperature insulation performance test apparatus of claim 4, wherein the thermally conductive gasket is an insulator.
6. The ultra-high temperature insulation performance test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
the sample temperature measuring unit is used for measuring the cold surface temperature of the sample;
an electric heating body temperature measuring unit for measuring the temperature of the electric heating body;
the sample temperature measuring unit is an infrared temperature measuring sensor arranged at the lower part of the test bed; the electric heating body temperature measuring unit is an infrared temperature measuring sensor arranged on the furnace shell.
7. The ultra-high temperature insulation performance test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
the computer control unit is used for converting, storing and analyzing the cold surface temperature data acquired by the sample temperature measuring unit and the electric heating body temperature data acquired by the electric heating body temperature measuring unit;
the control instrument unit is used for controlling the sample temperature measuring unit to measure the sample temperature and the electric heating body temperature measuring unit to measure the electric heating body temperature; the control instrument unit also controls the temperature rising rate, the final temperature, the air inlet flow, the air inlet and the valve opening and closing of the air outlet of the electric heating body.
8. The ultra-high temperature heat insulation performance test device according to claim 1, wherein the furnace shell and the test stand are respectively provided with a water jacket made of metal; the water jacket is respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.
9. An unsteady state superhigh temperature heat insulation performance test method, characterized in that the test device of any one of claims 1-8 is adopted, comprising the following steps:
step one, separating a sample bin from a test bed, placing a sample to be tested in a second sample tray on a plurality of rotatable supports, covering the sample with a heat-conducting gasket, and locking and sealing the sample bin and the test bed;
connecting the sample bin with the test bed, forming a closed cavity structure among the sample bin, the furnace body and the test bed, and introducing cooling water into the water jackets of the furnace body and the test bed;
closing the air inlet and the air outlet, pumping the cavity structure to a certain vacuum degree through the air outlet by using a vacuum pump, then filling nitrogen into the cavity structure to 1 standard atmosphere through the air inlet, opening the air inlet to fill protective gas into the cavity structure, closing the air inlet, starting the vacuum pump again to pump the cavity structure to a certain vacuum degree, and filling the protective gas into the cavity structure to 1 standard atmosphere through the air inlet;
controlling the electric heating body to heat according to a set heating scheme;
step five, the temperature of the electric heating body is measured by the electric heating body temperature measuring unit, and the heat preservation is carried out after the heating body reaches the set final temperature;
step six, after the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, starting a sample replacement operation by using a rotatable bracket, wherein only heat preservation materials in the furnace body block heat, and simultaneously descending a first sample tray and a plurality of second sample trays which are positioned on the rotatable bracket, rotating by 90 degrees after descending to limit, resetting to the original height after rotating, so as to ensure that the samples are in seamless contact with the heat conducting gaskets and the electric heating body;
step seven, repeating the step six after the sample test reaches the set time to measure the rest samples, finishing heating after all the measurement is finished, and closing the gas and the power supply when the furnace body is cooled to below 100 ℃;
and step eight, exhausting air through an air outlet or supplementing protective gas through an air inlet in the heating process so as to maintain the pressure in the cavity structure.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the pressure in the cavity structure is reduced to 20mbar by means of a vacuum pump; the shielding gas is argon.
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| CN110469836B (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-01-12 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Comprehensive performance measurement system for furnace wall heat insulation structure |
| CN112858381B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-03-24 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Heat insulation performance test device and test method for heat insulation material for high-speed aircraft engine |
| CN113702424B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2024-05-10 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | Heat insulation testing machine |
| CN117092162B (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2023-12-19 | 东北大学 | Heat insulation and convection heat transfer integrated test device for lattice sandwich structure |
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