CN111499821A - 光敏型两性离子聚氨酯及制备方法、聚氨酯胶束制备方法 - Google Patents
光敏型两性离子聚氨酯及制备方法、聚氨酯胶束制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了光敏型两性离子聚氨酯及制备方法、聚氨酯胶束制备方法,将双羟基两性离子及三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物与六亚甲基二异氰酸酯反应生成聚氨酯。将生成的聚氨酯固体溶解于二甲基亚砜溶液中,缓慢滴加去离子水,持续搅拌。搅拌结束后装入MW=3500的透析袋中,透析后去除有机溶剂及未反应完全的有机小分子,最后得到稳定的具有光动力的两性抗菌聚氨酯胶束。本发明中的聚氨酯抗菌胶束制备方法简单新颖,结合新型的白光引发的光敏剂‑吡啶季铵盐配合物。该聚氨酯在水中可以自组装成为胶束结构,其具有白光响应释放ROS的基团聚集在胶束核心内,亲水的两性离子在外层作为保护层,一经白光引发便可发挥ROS与阳离子季铵盐的协同抗菌作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子领域,更具体地说,涉及光敏型两性离子聚氨酯及制备方法、聚氨酯胶束制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,比较常用的非离子型生物材料在体内复杂环境下会引起人体的免疫反应,而两性离子型聚氨酯由于其优异的生物相容性和抗非特异性蛋白吸附能力,获得了越来越多的关注。因此采用性能十分优异的、可以简便合成的两性离子来修饰纳米药物载体表面成为非常理想的途径。两性离子聚合物的这些特性有助于纳米药物系统实现长时间的血液内循环,综上两性离子聚合物,在纳米药物载体领域拥有广阔而诱人的应用前景。但目前合成的非离子型生物材料在生物相容性与抗菌性效果不好。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供光敏型两性离子聚氨酯及制备方法、聚氨酯胶束制备方法。实现白光引发获得的ROS,联合光敏成分中的季铵盐协同抗菌,光动力的两性离子型聚氨酯是利用白光激发已摄入的聚氨酯中的光敏剂,激发态的光敏剂将其能量传递给周围的基态氧分子,从而获得ROS,并通过ROS以诱导细菌凋亡的方式抗菌。与传统抗菌材料相比,白光引发产生ROS抗菌的聚氨酯材料其具有不良反应小、并发症少,对正常组织和细胞没有伤害等优点,光动力治疗对抗耐药菌有显著的效果。同时,白光引发获得的ROS,联合光敏成分中的季铵盐可以达到协同抗菌效果,提高了抗菌效率,为抗菌提供了新的思路和方法。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用如下的技术方案。
聚氨酯,具有结构式Ⅳ的共聚物,
其中,R表示
x、y表示聚合度,独立地为1-100。
聚氨酯的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.将羧酸甜菜碱或磺酸甜菜碱或磷酸胆碱溶于任意有机溶剂中,调节溶液pH值,加入3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇,制得双羟基两性离子单体(式Ⅰ),
其中,R表示
S2.将4-甲基吡啶加入有机溶剂中,混合均匀后加入3-氯-1,2-丙二醇,回流后将反应液旋蒸浓缩,然后在搅拌中逐滴加入到冰乙醚中,沉析得到1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ),
S3.将4-二苯胺基苯甲醛与S2中得到的1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ)加入有机溶剂混合均匀后,在催化剂作用下回流反应,旋蒸除去溶剂,然后使用硅胶柱提纯该产物,最后得到红色固体双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物(式Ⅲ),
S4.将S1得到的两性的双羟基两性离子(式Ⅰ)、S3中得到的双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物(式Ⅲ)在加热的条件下抽真空,去除含有的水,加入有机溶剂混合均匀后,加入六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,再加入催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡反应,然后再加入甲醇进行封端,结束后在有机溶剂中析出,得到聚氨酯固体(式Ⅳ),
其中,R表示
x、y表示聚合度,独立地为1-100。
优选的,在所述S1中,将羧酸甜菜碱或磺酸甜菜碱或磷酸胆碱溶于有机溶剂,然后加入二乙醇胺调节溶液pH值至10,加入3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇,反应在室温下持续搅拌24小时,反应结束后,将反应液旋蒸干燥,然后使用硅胶柱提纯,制得带有叔丁基的双羟基两性离子单体(式Ⅰ)。其中,有机溶剂优选为二氯甲烷。
优选的,在所述S1中,将羧酸甜菜碱或磺酸甜菜碱或磷酸胆碱溶于有机溶剂,然后加入三乙胺调节溶液pH值至10,加入3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇,反应在室温下持续搅拌24小时,反应结束后,将反应液旋蒸干燥,然后使用硅胶柱提纯,制得带有叔丁基的双羟基两性离子单体(式Ⅰ)。其中,有机溶剂优选为二氯甲烷。
优选的,在所述S2中,所述4-甲基吡啶与3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的质量份数比为4:5且所述回流环节的温度为85℃,回流时间为5小时,有机溶剂为任意有机溶剂,优选为N-N二甲基甲酰胺。
优选的,在所述S3中,所述1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ)与4-二苯胺基苯甲醛质量份数比为1:2且所述回流环节的温度为85℃,回流时间为72小时,有机溶剂为任意有机溶剂,优选为乙醇。
优选的,在所述S4中,加热温度为100℃,除去含有水后,加入的有机溶剂为N-N二甲基甲酰胺,用于产物沉淀的有机溶剂为乙醚。
优选的,在所述S1与S3中,所述硅胶柱中的洗脱剂选用为石油醚和乙醇,且所述石油醚:乙醇的体积份数比为2:1。
聚氨胶束的制备方法,将制得的聚氨酯固体(式Ⅳ)溶解于二甲基亚砜溶液之中,在持续剧烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加去离子水,搅拌结束后装入MW=3500的透析袋中,透析时长为2天,透析去除有机溶剂及未反应完全的有机小分子,最后得到稳定的具有光动力的两性抗菌聚氨酯聚合物胶束。
优选的,在透析期间,每四个小时更换一次去离子水。
有益效果
相比于现有技术,本发明的优点在于:
(1)本发明合成光动力的两性离子型聚氨酯聚合物胶束,直径在80nm-110nm左右的具有白光响应的两性离子型聚氨酯抗菌胶束,具有良好的亲水性、生物相容性和抗蛋白黏附性能;
(2)本发明合成光动力的两性离子型聚氨酯聚合物胶束在水相中分散稳定,在白光激发下,激发态的光敏剂将其能量传递给周围的基态氧分子,可激发其转化为ROS,发挥抗菌作用,同时联合光敏成分中的季铵盐可以达到协同抗菌效果,提高了抗菌效率;
(3)本发明中的聚氨酯载药胶束制备方法简单新颖,以及新型的光动力的两性离子型聚氨酯聚合物与之前报道过的抗菌材料比较,有着更好的生物相容性与抗菌效果,一经引发便可发挥高效抗菌作用。
附图说明
图1为双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物核磁图;
图2为聚氨酯胶束的红外光谱图;
图3为聚氨酯胶束的TEM照片;
图4为聚氨酯胶束光照下的抗菌效果照片。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述;显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
聚氨酯的制备方法,包括:
S1.将2g 3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇加入100mL乙醇中,混合均匀后,加入4g羧酸甜菜碱两性离子,加入三乙胺调节溶液pH至10,反应在室温下持续搅拌。反应结束后,将反应液旋蒸干燥,然后使用硅胶柱提纯,硅胶柱中的洗脱剂选用乙酸乙酯和石油醚,最终得到双羟基甜菜碱两性离子(式Ⅰ),
S1的反应方程式为,
S2.将2g 4-甲基吡啶加入在N-N二甲基甲酰胺中,混合均匀后加入2.37g 3-氯-1,2-丙二醇,85℃加热回流后将反应液旋蒸浓缩,然后在搅拌中逐滴加入到正己烷中,沉析得到1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ),
S2的反应方程式为,
S3.将2g S4中得到的1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ)、4g 4-二苯胺基苯甲醛加入乙醇混合均匀后,在85℃下回流反应,旋蒸除去溶剂,然后使用硅胶柱提纯该产物,硅胶柱中的洗脱剂选用是石油醚和乙醇,所述石油醚:乙醇的体积份数比为2:1,最后得到红色固体双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物(式Ⅲ),
S3的反应方程式为,
S4.将1g S1中得到的两性的双羟基羧酸甜菜碱(式Ⅰ)、0.18g S3中得到的双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物(式Ⅲ),在100℃的条件下抽真空2小时,去除痕迹的水,然后加0.9g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,再加入催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡1滴,反应24小时,加入1mL甲醇进行封端,结束后在乙醚中析出,得到淡黄色聚氨酯固体(式Ⅳ),
红色聚氨酯固体(式Ⅳ)中的聚合度在1-100范围内取值。
光动力的两性离子型聚氨酯聚合物胶束的制备方法,包括取实施例1中制得的红色聚氨酯固体10mg,溶解于1mL二甲基亚砜溶液中,在剧烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加入10mL去离子水,然后搅拌3小时,搅拌结束后装入MW=3500的透析袋中,透析2天,期间每四个小时更换一次去离子水,透析去有机溶剂和未反应的小分子化合物,最后得到稳定的具有白光响应的聚氨酯载药胶束。
实施例2
聚氨酯的制备方法,包括:
S1.将2g二乙醇胺加入100mL乙醇中,混合均匀后,加入4.65g磺酸甜菜碱两性离子,反应在室温下持续搅拌。反应结束后,将反应液旋蒸干燥,然后使用硅胶柱提纯,硅胶柱中的洗脱剂选用乙酸乙酯和石油醚,最终得到双羟基磺酸甜菜碱两性离子(式Ⅰ),
S1的反应方程式为,
S2.将2g 4-甲基吡啶加入在N-N二甲基甲酰胺中,混合均匀后加入2.37g 3-氯-1,2-丙二醇,85℃加热回流后将反应液旋蒸浓缩,然后在搅拌中逐滴加入到正己烷中,沉析得到1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ),
S2的反应方程式为,
S3.将2g S4中得到的1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ)、4g 4-二苯胺基苯甲醛加入乙醇混合均匀后,在85℃下回流反应,旋蒸除去溶剂,然后使用硅胶柱提纯该产物,然后使用硅胶柱提纯,硅胶柱中的洗脱剂选用是石油醚和乙醇,所述石油醚:乙醇的体积份数比为2:1,最后得到红色固体双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物(式Ⅲ),
S3的反应方程式为,
S4.将1g S1中得到的两性的双羟基季铵盐磺酸甜菜碱(式Ⅲ)、0.18g S3中得到的双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物(式Ⅲ),在100℃的条件下抽真空2小时,去除痕迹的水,然后加0.78g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,再加入催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡1滴,反应24小时,加入1mL甲醇进行封端,结束后在乙醚中析出,得到红色聚氨酯固体(式Ⅳ),
淡黄色聚氨酯固体(式Ⅳ)的聚合度在1-100范围内取值。
光动力的两性离子型聚氨酯聚合物胶束的制备方法,取实施例2中制得的淡黄色聚氨酯固体10mg,溶解于1mL二甲基亚砜溶液中,在剧烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加入10mL去离子水,然后搅拌3小时,搅拌结束后装入MW=3500的透析袋中,透析2天,期间每四个小时更换一次去离子水,透析去有机溶剂和未反应的小分子化合物,最后得到稳定的具有白光响应的聚氨酯载药胶束。
实施例3
S1.将-80℃冷冻的金黄色葡萄球菌解冻,解冻后的金黄色葡萄球菌分别使用固体培养基培养,倒置于37℃电热恒温培养箱中孵育24h。
S2.在600nm处测量光密度来测定细菌浓度,然后将细菌(OD600=109CFU/mL)转移到1.5mL离心管中,然后将胶束形态的聚氨酯溶于溶液中,放置在光照和黑暗的条件下10min、20min、30min,取出金黄色葡萄球菌分别使用固体培养基培养,之后于37℃电热恒温培养箱中孵育24h。观察金黄色葡萄球菌的变化。分别处于光照条件和黑暗条件下,观察细菌的变化。
如图1,2所示,分别为双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物的核磁氢谱图,聚氨酯胶束的红外光谱图,其中,如图1所示,谱图中特征峰峰积分比例刚好为分子式中的含氢量的比值,说明双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物被成功的制备,如图2所示,红外谱图中的吡啶环、苯环等的特征吸收峰证明了该材料的成功合成。
如图3所示,为聚氨酯胶束的透射电镜照片,从图中可以得出所制备的聚氨酯在一定条件下成为胶束后,其直径为55nm左右,与所测得水动力学粒径相符合。
如图4所示,含有金光色葡萄球菌的培养皿并分别单独处于光照条件下和黑暗条件下,没有发生明显变化。含有金光色葡萄球菌的培养皿分别处于存在聚氨酯胶束的黑暗条件下和存在聚氨酯胶束的光照条件下,可以发现在光照条件下,加入聚氨酯溶液的金黄色葡萄菌被杀死,证明了该聚氨酯材料在光照的条件下可以高效地发挥抗菌作用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式,不应看作是对其他实施例的排除,而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境,并能够在本文所述构想范围内,通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围,则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
2.光敏型两性离子聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1.将羧酸甜菜碱或磺酸甜菜碱或磷酸胆碱溶于有机溶剂,调节溶液pH值,加入3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇,制得双羟基两性离子单体(式Ⅰ),
其中,R表示
S2.将4-甲基吡啶加入有机溶剂中,混合均匀后加入3-氯-1,2-丙二醇,回流后将反应液旋蒸浓缩,然后在搅拌中逐滴加入到冰乙醚中,沉析得到1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ),
S3.将4-二苯胺基苯甲醛与S2中得到的1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ)加入有机溶剂混合均匀后,在催化剂作用下回流反应,旋蒸除去溶剂,然后使用硅胶柱提纯该产物,最后得到红色固体双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物(式Ⅲ),
S4.将S1得到的两性的双羟基两性离子(式Ⅰ)、S3中得到的双羟基三苯胺基甲基吡啶阳离子季铵盐配合物(式Ⅲ)在加热的条件下抽真空,去除含有的水,加入有机溶剂混合均匀后,加入六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,再加入催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡反应,然后再加入甲醇进行封端,结束后在有机溶剂中析出,得到聚氨酯固体(式Ⅳ),
其中,R表示
x、y表示聚合度,独立地为1-100。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光敏型两性离子聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述S1中,将羧酸甜菜碱或磺酸甜菜碱或磷酸胆碱溶于任一有机溶剂,然后加入二乙醇胺调节溶液pH值至10,加入3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇,反应在室温下持续搅拌24小时,反应结束后,将反应液旋蒸干燥,然后使用硅胶柱提纯,制得带有叔丁基的双羟基两性离子单体(式Ⅰ)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的光敏型两性离子聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述S1中,将羧酸甜菜碱或磺酸甜菜碱或磷酸胆碱溶于任意有机溶剂,然后加入三乙胺调节溶液pH值至10,加入3-巯基-1,2-丙二醇,反应在室温下持续搅拌24小时,反应结束后,将反应液旋蒸干燥,然后使用硅胶柱提纯,制得带有叔丁基的双羟基两性离子单体(式Ⅰ)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的光敏型两性离子聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述S2中,所述4-甲基吡啶与3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的质量份数比为4:5且所述回流环节的温度为85℃,回流时间为5小时。
6.根据权利要求2所述的光敏型两性离子聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述S3中,所述1-(2,3-二羟丙基)-4-甲基吡啶阳离子(式Ⅱ)与4-二苯胺基苯甲醛质量份数比为1:2且所述回流环节的温度为85℃,回流时间为72小时。
7.根据权利要求2所述的光敏型两性离子聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述S4中,加热温度为100℃,除去含有水后,加入的有机溶剂为N-N二甲基甲酰胺,用于产物沉淀的有机溶剂为乙醚。
8.根据权利要求2所述的光敏型两性离子聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述S1与S3中,所述硅胶柱中的洗脱剂选用为石油醚和乙醇,且所述石油醚:乙醇的体积份数比为2:1。
9.聚氨酯胶束的制备方法,其特征在于:将权利要求2中制得的所述聚氨酯固体(式Ⅳ)溶解于二甲基亚砜溶液之中,在持续剧烈搅拌下,缓慢滴加去离子水,搅拌结束后装入MW=3500的透析袋中,透析时长为2天,透析去除有机溶剂及未反应完全的有机小分子,最后得到稳定的具有光动力的两性抗菌聚氨酯聚合物胶束。
10.根据权利要求9所述的聚氨酯胶束的制备方法,其特征在于:在透析期间,每四个小时更换一次去离子水。
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WO2017117157A1 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-06 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Reversible, chemically or environmentally responsive polymers, and coatings containing such polymers |
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2020
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CN112126311A (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-25 | 威高集团有限公司 | 一种细菌酶响应功能的抗菌涂层、具有抗菌涂层的功能材料及其制备方法 |
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