CN111499438A - Processing method and processing system for resource utilization of waste rotten oranges - Google Patents
Processing method and processing system for resource utilization of waste rotten oranges Download PDFInfo
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- CN111499438A CN111499438A CN202010448306.9A CN202010448306A CN111499438A CN 111499438 A CN111499438 A CN 111499438A CN 202010448306 A CN202010448306 A CN 202010448306A CN 111499438 A CN111499438 A CN 111499438A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/957—Apparatus therefor using two or more serially arranged devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
- C05F17/15—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment the material being gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/914—Portable or transportable devices, e.g. transport containers or trucks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/986—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being liquid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method and a processing system for resource utilization of waste and rotten oranges, wherein the method comprises the following steps of collecting and crushing the waste and rotten oranges, and carrying out solid-liquid separation: wherein the liquid part is fermented to obtain liquid biological bacterial manure; the solid part is prepared into a bio-organic fertilizer by adding a nutrition supplement and fermenting, or is used as a main component of the feed for the hermetia illucens. The invention makes full use of the waste rotten oranges, not only avoids the problem of environmental pollution caused by the waste rotten oranges, but also effectively improves the economic benefit of the waste rotten oranges.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to comprehensive utilization of waste and rotten oranges, in particular to a treatment method and a treatment system for resource utilization of the waste and rotten oranges, and belongs to the technical field of utilization of biological bacterial manure and the waste and rotten oranges.
Background
The orange is relatively high in discarding proportion (about 3.8-5.0%) due to fruit damage and thinning in the growth process, discarded fruits due to poor appearance in the picking process, and discarded fruits, rotten fruits and the like due to excessive rainwater or unsmooth sale of the orange in the picking period. In the prior art, the conventional disposal of these rotten waste citrus fruits is to stack, bury, or even pour them at will. However, the waste rotten citrus fruits contain high carbohydrate minerals, proteins and the like, and the citrus fruits can generate toxic and harmful substances such as penicillium, green mold, organic acid, putrescine, cadaverine and the like in the rotting and decomposing process, so that if the citrus fruits are randomly dumped or buried, not only is the resource waste caused, but also the toxic and harmful substances can easily enter air, water or soil to directly pollute the production and living environment.
Based on the above situation, in the prior art, it has been proposed to utilize the discarded and rotten oranges as resources, such as going to the field and transforming the harmful and toxic substances in the rotten oranges into organic matters and minerals by using the beneficial microorganisms naturally existing in the soil, so that the processing effect is very small, and the water pollution to the surrounding water still exists during the transformation process in the soil; if the waste rotten citrus fruits are used for producing the biogas, the mode still has the conditions of low utilization rate and pollution of residues and juice after the biogas is produced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a treatment method and a treatment system for resource utilization of waste and rotten oranges with high utilization rate, and the treatment method is matched with unique treatment equipment, so that the utilization rate can be improved to more than 98%.
In order to achieve the purpose, one of the technical schemes adopted by the invention is as follows: a processing method for resource utilization of waste rotten oranges is characterized in that waste rotten oranges are collected and crushed, and solid-liquid separation is carried out: wherein the liquid part is fermented to obtain liquid biological bacterial manure; the solid part is prepared into a bio-organic fertilizer by adding a nutrition supplement and fermenting, or is used as a main component of the feed for the hermetia illucens.
Further, the fermentation of the liquid part is aerobic fermentation, specifically, the citrus juice after solid-liquid separation is inoculated with aerobic fermentation strains, and fermentation C/N source supplement is added, and aerobic fermentation is carried out under the conditions of oxygenation and heating.
Further, the specific operation of preparing the bio-organic fertilizer from the solid part is that a proper amount of crushed nutrition supplement is added into the citrus pulp subjected to solid-liquid separation, aerobic fermentation strains are added, and then the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by stirring, turning and fermenting.
Further, the processing method for the resource utilization of the rotten citrus waste is realized by a rotten citrus waste resource utilization system, wherein the rotten citrus waste utilization system comprises a crushing separation part, a liquid fermentation part and a solid fermentation part;
the crushing and separating part comprises a waste rotten citrus temporary storage tank, a first conveying mechanism, a crusher, a second conveying mechanism and a squeezer, wherein the first conveying mechanism is a screw conveyor or a combination of the screw conveyor and a belt conveyor, a feeding end of the first conveying mechanism is connected with a discharging port of the waste rotten citrus temporary storage tank, a discharging end of the first conveying mechanism is located above a feeding port at the top of the crusher, the waste rotten citrus in the waste rotten citrus temporary storage tank is conveyed into the crusher through the first conveying mechanism, a discharging port at the bottom of the crusher is located above a feeding end of the second conveying mechanism, and a discharging end of the second conveying mechanism is located above a feeding port of the squeezer; the juice generated in the crusher and the squeezer is sent into a liquid storage tank of the liquid fermentation part by a liquid sending pipeline under the action of a pump, and the slag generated in the squeezer is sent into the solid fermentation part;
the liquid fermentation part comprises a liquid storage tank and a liquid fermentation tank, wherein the liquid storage tank is arranged below the ground, the liquid fermentation tank is built above the liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank and the liquid fermentation tank are connected and communicated through a feeding pipeline and a first liquid pump, the inner wall of the periphery of each liquid fermentation tank is fixedly provided with a heating assembly, the bottom of each liquid fermentation tank is provided with an oxygen charging pipe, and the other end of each oxygen charging pipe is finally connected with an oxygen charging pump;
the solid fermentation part comprises a fermentation tank and a turning machine, wherein first rail steels are fixed at the tops of two sides of the fermentation tank in the length direction, the turning machine is matched with the two first rail steels of the fermentation tank in a sliding manner, the turning machine is a chain plate type turning machine, a first conveying belt is installed at one side of the fermentation tank and is positioned below the bottom of one side of the fermentation tank, the discharge end of the first conveying belt is positioned right above the feed end of a second conveying belt, the second conveying belt is directly or indirectly connected with a screening machine through one or more conveying belts, the screening machine is connected with an automatic packaging machine through another conveying belt, the other side of the fermentation tank is a feed end, and a stirring machine is fixed at the feed end of the fermentation tank; the orange residues after being squeezed by the middle squeezer in the crushing and separating part are conveyed into the stirrer through the conveying equipment, and are conveyed into the feeding end of the fermentation tank through the conveying equipment after being stirred in the stirrer.
Furthermore, a truss is fixed above the liquid fermentation tank and is used for pouring fermentation C/N source supplement including soybeans into the liquid fermentation tank.
Furthermore, the fermentation tanks in the solid fermentation part are designed into a plurality of fermentation tanks which are arranged side by side, the side of each fermentation tank far away from the feeding end is open, mounting grooves which are orthogonal to the length direction of the fermentation tanks are fixed on the open sides of all the fermentation tanks, second track steel is also fixed on the tops of the mounting grooves, the first conveying belt is fixed in the mounting grooves, and the height position of the first conveying belt is lower than the height position of the bottoms in the fermentation tanks; a transfer trolley is matched on the second rail steel at the top of the mounting groove in a matching manner, a third rail steel butted with the first rail steel at the top of the fermentation tank is also fixed at the top of the transfer trolley, a discharging hopper is fixed in the transfer trolley, and a bottom discharging port of the discharging hopper is positioned above the first conveying belt.
Further, the processing method for resource utilization of the rotten citrus comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing: waste rotten oranges are collected from growers and fruit businessmen and poured into a temporary storage pool of the rotten oranges, the rotten oranges flow to an inlet of a first conveying mechanism by utilizing the height and difference principle, then the rotten oranges are conveyed to a crusher by the first conveying mechanism to be crushed, and juice generated in the crushing process is conveyed into a liquid storage pool of a liquid fermentation part under the action of a pump through a corresponding liquid conveying pipeline;
(2) solid-liquid separation: feeding the crushed oranges obtained through the treatment in the step (1) into a presser through a second conveying mechanism, and performing solid-liquid separation through the presser to obtain a liquid part and a solid part respectively;
(3) liquid fermentation: conveying the liquid part obtained in the step (2) into a liquid storage pool of a liquid fermentation part under the action of a pump through a corresponding liquid conveying pipeline for temporary storage, pumping the liquid into a liquid fermentation pool through a first liquid pumping pump, simultaneously adding a proper amount of soybeans into the fermentation pool, filling oxygen into the liquid fermentation pool through an oxygen filling pump and an oxygen filling pipe, simultaneously starting heating components around the liquid fermentation pool, enabling the liquid in the liquid fermentation pool to be at a proper temperature for conventional aerobic fermentation, and taking the fermented product as a liquid bacterial fertilizer for compounding with other additives to obtain liquid fertilizers with different functions;
(4) solid part treatment: there are two ways: one is that the solid part obtained by the treatment of the step (2) is used as one of the components of the feeding feed for the artificial feeding of the hermetia illucens; and the other method is that the solid part obtained by the treatment in the step (2) is sent into a stirrer of the solid fermentation part, nutritional supplement is added into the stirrer for full stirring, then a forklift or other conventional transfer equipment is adopted to send the uniformly stirred material into the fermentation tank from the feed end of the fermentation tank, the chain plate type turning and throwing machine turns and throws the material in the fermentation tank in the process of walking back and forth in the fermentation tank, finally the completely fermented material is thrown onto a first conveying belt, the first conveying belt is sent into a second conveying belt, the second conveying belt or more conveying belts are sent into a screening machine for screening, the material with larger block heads is screened out, and the screened material is finally sent into an automatic packaging machine for packaging.
Preferably, the nutrition supplement comprises a waste fungus bag and dried chicken manure, and the weight ratio of the waste fungus bag to the dried chicken manure to the squeezed waste orange residues is 2:1: 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the solid part and the liquid part are separately treated (the liquid part is fermented, and the solid part is directly used as artificial feed for hermetia illucens or is fermented), so that the waste rotten oranges are fully utilized, the problem of environmental pollution caused by the waste rotten oranges is avoided, and the economic benefit of the waste rotten oranges is effectively improved;
2. through the arrangement of the liquid fermentation part, the citrus juice can be fully fermented, so that valuable citrus juice fermentation liquid bacterial manure is obtained, and the processing capacity is improved on the basis of reducing the floor area as much as possible by the construction of the liquid fermentation part;
3. the citrus pulp can be fermented by a fermentation bed through the arrangement of the solid fermentation part, and then turning and fermenting are carried out through the chain plate type turning and throwing machine, so that the fermentation is more complete, the material can be thrown to the discharging end from the feeding end in the moving process of the chain plate type turning and throwing machine in the fermentation tank, the fermented material is finally thrown to the discharging hopper of the transfer trolley at the discharging end, the fermented material falls onto the first conveying belt through the discharging hopper, the fermented material is conveyed into the sieving machine through the first conveying belt, the second conveying belt and even more conveying belts to be sieved, then the material with large block materials sieved out is conveyed into the automatic packaging machine through the conveying belt to be packaged, and the large block materials sieved out are subjected to the processes of crushing, sieving, packaging and the like again;
4. by the arrangement of the resource utilization system for the waste rotten oranges, the waste rotten oranges can be effectively and automatically treated, accordingly, the labor is reduced, and the productivity is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the resource utilization system for waste rotten oranges
FIG. 2 is a top view of the structure of the crushing separation part of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a front view of the structure of the crushing and separating part of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing the structure of a liquid fermenting part according to the present invention
FIG. 5 is a top view of a partial structure of a liquid fermentation part according to the present invention
FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view of the liquid fermenting section according to the present invention
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the structure of a solid fermentation part according to the present invention
FIG. 8 is a top view showing the structure of a solid fermentation part according to the present invention
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a transfer cart for fixing a fermentation part according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The following are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent or similar substitutes should fall within the scope of protection of the present application without departing from the inventive concept. And the details which are not described below should be performed according to the prior art or the conventional techniques in the field.
Example one
In this embodiment, the processing method for resource utilization of the rotten citrus comprises the following steps:
(1) as shown in fig. 1, a resource utilization system of the rotten citrus waste is constructed, which comprises a crushing separation part A, a liquid fermentation part B and a solid fermentation part C;
the crushing and separating part A comprises a temporary storage pool 1 for the waste rotten oranges, a first conveying mechanism 2, a crusher 3, a second conveying mechanism 4 and a presser 5, as shown in figures 2-3, wherein the temporary storage pool 1 for the waste rotten oranges can be built by one or more, and if the temporary storage pool is multiple, the temporary storage pools are arranged side by side (4 in the figures); the first conveying mechanism 2 is a screw conveyor or a combination of a screw conveyor and a belt conveyor, when the rotten citrus temporary storage pool 1 is one, the first conveying mechanism 2 is a screw conveying mechanism (the feeding end of which is provided with a collecting hopper 18), when the rotten citrus temporary storage pools 1 are multiple, the discharging end of each rotten citrus temporary storage pool 1 is connected with the collecting hopper 18 with the position lower than the height of the bottom in the rotten citrus temporary storage pool 1, each collecting hopper 18 is internally connected with a first screw conveying mechanism 2.1 which inclines upwards from the feeding end to the discharging end, all the first screw conveying mechanisms 2.1 correspond to the first belt conveyor 2.2 arranged at the same level, namely, the rotten citrus conveyed from the first screw conveying mechanisms 2.1 falls on the belt of the first belt conveyor 2.2, the rotten citrus is conveyed to the crusher 3 by the first belt conveyor 2.2, and the problems of the construction and the arrangement of related equipment are solved, according to the requirement, a combination of a belt conveyor and a second spiral conveying mechanism 2.3 can be added between the first belt conveyor 2.2 and the crusher 3 or only the second spiral conveying mechanism 2.3 which is obliquely arranged (the second spiral conveying mechanism is inclined upwards from the feeding end to the discharging end) is added, as long as the waste rotten oranges can be effectively conveyed into the crusher 3, when the spiral conveying mechanism (such as the second spiral conveying mechanism 2.3) is adopted, a collecting hopper 18 is required to be additionally arranged at the feeding end, the top of the crusher 3 is fully opened to be a feeding hole, the bottom opening of the crusher 3 is a discharging hole, a conical collecting hopper which is big at the top and small at the bottom is arranged below the discharging hole, a crushed juice outlet is arranged at the bottom of the conical collecting hopper, a filter screen for preventing the crushed juice from falling is fixed above the crushed juice outlet, wherein the crushed juice outlet is connected with a corresponding liquid conveying pipeline 17 in a conventional manner, and the feeding end of the second conveying mechanism 4 is arranged in the conical, the second conveying mechanism 4 is a spiral conveyor (inclined upwards from a feeding end to a discharging end) which is obliquely arranged, the discharging end of the second conveyor 4 is positioned right above a feeding port at the top of the squeezer 5, the squeezer 5 is a plate-and-frame squeezer, a liquid outlet of the squeezer 5 is also connected with a corresponding liquid conveying pipeline 17, a solid outlet of the squeezer 5 is conveyed to a stirrer 16 of a solid fermentation part by a third conveying belt for stirring, and then is conveyed to the feeding end of the fermentation tank 10 by the stirrer 16 through conventional transfer equipment such as a conveying belt or a forklift; the juices produced in the crusher 3 and in the press 5 are fed by respective liquid feed conduits 17 under the action of a pump into the liquid storage tank 6 of the liquid fermentation section B;
the liquid fermentation part B is shown in figures 4-6 and comprises a liquid storage tank 6 and a liquid fermentation tank 7, wherein the liquid storage tank 6 and the liquid fermentation tank 7 are constructed by reinforced concrete, the liquid storage tank 6 is arranged below the ground and can be arranged one to more (three in the figures, the three liquid storage tanks are arranged side by side in the front-back direction, and the adjacent liquid storage tanks 6 are communicated through a pipeline), the liquid fermentation tank 7 is constructed above the liquid storage tank 6, the liquid fermentation tanks 7 can also be arranged one to more and arranged side by side (two rows in the front-back direction, four in each row and eight in total in the figures), each liquid storage tank 6 is connected and communicated with the corresponding liquid fermentation tank 7 through a feeding pipeline and a first liquid pump 19, heating components 8 are fixed on the peripheral inner wall of each liquid fermentation tank 7, the heating components 8 are hot water pipes, and the hot water pipes are distributed on the inner wall of each liquid fermentation tank 7 in four layers at different height positions from top to bottom, the hot water pipes on each liquid fermentation tank 7 are communicated finally; one or more oxygen filling pipes or oxygen filling coil pipes 22 are arranged at the bottom in each liquid fermentation tank 7, the other ends of the oxygen filling pipes or the oxygen filling coil pipes 22 are finally converged and then connected with a high-pressure oxygen filling pump 23, and the high-pressure oxygen filling pump 23 is fixed at the corresponding position of the outer wall of the liquid fermentation tank 7; of course, according to the layout, two adjacent liquid fermentation tanks may share one first liquid pump 19; a truss crane 9 is fixed above all the liquid fermentation tanks 7, correspondingly, slideways 20 are fixed at corresponding positions on the tops of the liquid storage tanks 6, slide blocks or pulleys which are in sliding fit with the slideways 20 are arranged at the bottoms of the two ends of the truss crane 9, and fermentation supplements including soybeans are poured into the liquid fermentation tanks through the truss crane 9; the fermented liquid is pumped out from the corresponding liquid fermentation tank 7 by a second liquid pump 21 and corresponding pipelines, and the second liquid pump 21 can also be set such that two adjacent liquid fermentation tanks 7 share one second liquid pump 21;
the solid fermentation part C, as shown in FIGS. 7-9, comprises a fermentation tank 10, a turner 11, wherein at least one (four in the figure) fermentation tank 10 is designed, a first rail steel 26 is fixed on the top of each fermentation tank 9 at both sides in the length direction, a turner 11 is slidably matched on the two first rail steels 26 of one fermentation tank 9, the turner 11 is a conventional chain plate type turner, a first conveying belt 12 is installed on one side of the fermentation tank 10, the first conveying belt 12 is located below one side of the bottom in the fermentation tank 10, the discharge end of the first conveying belt 12 is located right above the feed end of a second conveying belt 13, the second conveying belt 12 is connected with a screening machine 14 either directly or through one to multiple conveying belts, the screening machine 14 is connected with an automatic packaging machine 15 through another conveying belt, the other side of the fermentation tank 9 is a feed end, and a stirring machine 16 is fixed at the feed end of the fermentation tank 9; the orange residue after being squeezed by the squeezer in the crushing and separating part is conveyed into the stirrer 16 through a conveying device, and is conveyed into the feeding end of the fermentation tank 9 through a conventional conveying device such as a forklift after being stirred in the stirrer 16.
When the fermentation tanks 10 in the solid fermentation part C are designed to be a plurality of fermentation tanks 10 arranged side by side, all the fermentation tanks 10 are open at the side far away from the feeding end, the open sides of all the fermentation tanks 10 are fixed with installation grooves 25 which are orthogonally arranged in the length direction of the fermentation tanks 10, the tops of the installation grooves 25 are also fixed with second track steels 25.1, and the height positions of the tops of the installation grooves 25 cannot exceed the height positions of the bottoms in the fermentation tanks 10 (preferably are slightly lower than the height positions); the first conveyer belt 12 is fixed in the mounting groove 25 and is lower than the bottom of the fermentation tank 10, and the first conveyer belt 12 extends out of one side of the mounting groove 25; a transfer trolley 24 is matched on the second rail steel 25.1 at the top of the mounting groove 25 in a matching manner, the transfer trolley 24 is formed by welding or fixing bolts at corresponding positions of a front frame, a rear frame, a left frame and a right frame, a third rail steel 24.1 butted with the first rail steel 26 at the top of the fermentation tank 10 is also fixed at the top of the transfer trolley 24, a blanking hopper 24.2 is welded or fixed in the transfer trolley through bolts, the top of the blanking hopper 24.2 is open and is positioned below the third rail steel 24.1, and a discharge hole at the bottom of the blanking hopper 24.2 is positioned right above the first conveying belt 12;
(2) crushing: waste and rotten oranges are collected from growers and fruit suppliers, are stacked in a waste rotten orange temporary storage pool 1, and are finally rolled down to a first conveying mechanism 2 (in a collecting hopper 18 at the feeding end of a first spiral conveyor 2.1) by utilizing height drop, then are conveyed to a first belt conveyor 2.2 by the first spiral conveyor 2.1 of the first conveying mechanism 2, are conveyed to a second spiral conveyor 2.3 and are conveyed to a crusher 3 by the second spiral conveyor to be crushed;
(3) solid-liquid separation: feeding the obvious juice of the crushed oranges obtained through the treatment in the step (2) into a liquid storage pool 6 directly through a liquid feeding pipeline 17, feeding the crushed oranges into a presser 5 through a second conveying mechanism 4, and performing solid-liquid separation through the presser 5 to obtain a liquid part and a solid part respectively, wherein the liquid part is pumped into the liquid storage pool 6 through the liquid feeding pipeline 17 under the action of a pump, and the solid part is conveyed to a stirrer 16;
(4) liquid fermentation: sending the liquid part obtained in the step (3) into a liquid storage tank 6 in the liquid fermentation part, pumping the liquid into a liquid fermentation tank 7 through a first liquid pump 19, adding a proper amount of soybeans into the liquid fermentation tank 7 through a truss crane 9, starting a stirrer, oxygenating the liquid fermentation tank 7 through an oxygenating pump 23 and an oxygenating pipe 22, and simultaneously starting heating components 8 around the liquid fermentation tank 7, namely introducing hot water with a certain temperature into the hot water pipe to enable the fermentation temperature in the liquid fermentation tank 7 to be at a proper temperature for conventional fermentation, performing conventional aerobic fermentation, and taking the fermented product as a liquid fertilizer for being compounded with other additives to obtain liquid fertilizers with different functions;
(5) solid part treatment: sending the solid part obtained by the treatment in the step (3) into a solid fermentation part, sending the solid part into a stirrer 16, adding nutrition supplement materials into the stirrer 16 and fully stirring, wherein the nutrition supplement materials comprise waste fungus bags and dry chicken manure, the weight ratio of the waste fungus bags to the dry chicken manure to the squeezed waste orange residues is 2:1:2, then sending the uniformly stirred materials into a fermentation tank 10 from the feed end of the fermentation tank 10 through a forklift or other conventional transfer equipment, turning and throwing the materials in the fermentation tank 10 in the process of walking back and forth in the fermentation tank 10 by a chain plate type turning and throwing machine 11, finally turning and throwing the completely fermented materials onto a first conveying belt 12, sending the completely fermented materials into a second conveying belt 13 through the first conveying belt 12, then sending the completely fermented materials into a sieving machine 14 through the second conveying belt 13 or more conveying belts for sieving, sending the materials with larger sieving blocks into a mincing machine for further crushing, until the particle size of the screened materials meets the specified particle size of the fertilizer), and finally sending the screened materials into an automatic packaging machine for packaging.
Example two
In this embodiment, the processing method for resource utilization of the rotten citrus comprises the following steps:
(1) as shown in fig. 1 (without the solid treatment part C), a waste rotten citrus resource utilization system is constructed, which comprises a crushing separation part a and a liquid fermentation part B;
as shown in fig. 2-3, the crushing and separating section a includes a temporary storage tank 1 for the waste rotten citrus fruit, a first conveying mechanism 2, a crusher 3, a second conveying mechanism 4, and a presser 5, wherein the temporary storage tank 1 for the waste rotten citrus fruit can be constructed in one or more, and if the temporary storage tank is constructed in multiple, the temporary storage tanks are arranged side by side (4 in the figure); the first conveying mechanism 2 is a screw conveyor or a combination of a screw conveyor and a belt conveyor, when the rotten citrus fruit temporary storage pool 1 is one, the first conveying mechanism 2 is a screw conveying mechanism (the feeding end of the first conveying mechanism is provided with a collecting hopper 18), when the rotten citrus fruit temporary storage pools 1 are multiple, the discharging end of each rotten citrus fruit temporary storage pool 1 is connected with the collecting hopper 18 with the position lower than the height of the bottom in the rotten citrus fruit temporary storage pool 1, each collecting hopper 18 is connected with a first screw conveying mechanism 2.1, all the first screw conveying mechanisms 2.1 correspond to the same first belt conveyor 2.2, namely, the rotten citrus fruit conveyed from the multiple first screw conveying mechanisms 2.1 falls on the belt of the first belt conveyor 2.2, the rotten citrus fruit is conveyed to the crusher 3 by the first belt conveyor 2.2, the problems of arrangement of sites and related equipment can be further added between the first belt conveyor 2.2 and the crusher 3 according to needs, The combination of the second spiral conveying mechanism 2.3 or only the addition of the second spiral conveying mechanism 2.3 is required as long as the waste rotten oranges can be effectively conveyed into the crusher 3, when the spiral conveying mechanism (such as the second spiral conveying mechanism 2.3) is adopted, the collecting hopper 18 is required to be additionally arranged at the feeding end of the spiral conveying mechanism, the top of the crusher 3 is fully opened to form a feeding hole, the bottom opening of the crusher 3 is a discharging hole, a conical collecting hopper with a large upper part and a small lower part is arranged below the discharging hole, the bottom of the conical collecting hopper is a crushed juice outlet, a filter screen for preventing the crushed material from falling is fixed above the crushed juice outlet, the crushed juice outlet is connected with a corresponding liquid conveying pipeline 17 in a conventional manner, the feeding end of the second conveying mechanism 4 is arranged in the conical collecting hopper, the second conveying mechanism 4 is a spiral conveyor, the discharging end of the second conveyor 4 is positioned right above the feeding hole at the top of the squeezer 5, the squeezer 5 is a plate-and-frame squeezer, a liquid outlet of the squeezer 5 is connected with a corresponding liquid conveying pipeline 17, a solid outlet of the squeezer 5 is conveyed into a stirrer 16 of the solid fermentation part by a third conveyer belt to be stirred, and then is conveyed into a feeding end of the fermentation tank 10 by the stirrer 16 through a conveyer belt or a forklift; the juices produced in the crusher 3 and in the press 5 are fed by respective liquid feed conduits 17 under the action of a pump into the liquid storage tank 6 of the liquid fermentation section B;
as shown in fig. 4-6, the liquid fermentation part B includes a liquid storage tank 6, a liquid fermentation tank 7, wherein the liquid storage tank 6 and the liquid fermentation tank 7 are constructed by reinforced concrete, wherein the liquid storage tank 6 is disposed below the ground and can be one to a plurality (three in the figure, disposed side by side in the front-back direction, and adjacent liquid storage tanks 6 are communicated by a pipeline), the liquid fermentation tank 7 is constructed above the liquid storage tank 6, the liquid fermentation tanks 7 can also be disposed one to a plurality and disposed side by side (two rows in the front-back direction, four in each row, and eight in total), the liquid storage tank 6 and the liquid fermentation tank 7 are connected and communicated by a feeding pipeline and a first liquid pump 19, heating components 8 are fixed on the inner wall around each liquid fermentation tank 7, the heating components 8 are hot water pipes, and the hot water pipes are distributed on the inner wall of each liquid fermentation tank 7 in four layers at different height positions from top to bottom, the hot water pipes on each liquid fermentation tank 7 are communicated finally; one or more oxygen filling pipes or oxygen filling coil pipes 22 are arranged at the bottom in each liquid fermentation tank 7, the other ends of the oxygen filling pipes or the oxygen filling coil pipes 22 are finally converged and then connected with a high-pressure oxygen filling pump 23, and the high-pressure oxygen filling pump 23 is fixed at the corresponding position of the outer wall of the liquid fermentation tank 7; of course, according to the layout, two adjacent liquid fermentation tanks may share one first liquid pump 19; a truss crane 9 is fixed above all the liquid fermentation tanks 7, correspondingly, slideways 20 are fixed at corresponding positions on the tops of the liquid storage tanks 6, slide blocks or pulleys which are in sliding fit with the slideways are arranged at the bottoms of the two ends of the truss crane 9, and fermentation supplements including soybeans are poured into the liquid fermentation tanks through the truss crane 9; the fermented liquid is pumped out from the corresponding liquid fermentation tank 7 by a second liquid pump 21 and corresponding pipelines;
(2) crushing: waste and rotten oranges are collected from growers and fruit suppliers, are stacked in a waste rotten orange temporary storage pool 1, and are finally rolled down to a first conveying mechanism 2 (in a collecting hopper 18 at the feeding end of a first spiral conveyor 2.1) by utilizing height drop, then are conveyed to a first belt conveyor 2.2 by the first spiral conveyor 2.1 of the first conveying mechanism 2, are conveyed to a second spiral conveyor 2.3 and are conveyed to a crusher 3 by the second spiral conveyor to be crushed;
(3) solid-liquid separation: feeding the obvious juice of the crushed oranges obtained through the treatment in the step (2) into a liquid storage pool 6 directly through a liquid feeding pipeline 17, feeding the crushed oranges into a presser 5 through a second conveying mechanism 4, and performing solid-liquid separation through the presser 5 to obtain a liquid part and a solid part respectively, wherein the liquid part is pumped into the liquid storage pool 6 through the liquid feeding pipeline 17 under the action of a pump, and the solid part is conveyed to a stirrer 16;
(4) liquid fermentation: sending the liquid part obtained in the step (3) into a liquid storage tank 6 in the liquid fermentation part, pumping the liquid into a liquid fermentation tank 7 through a first liquid pump 19, adding a proper amount of soybeans into the liquid fermentation tank 7 through a truss crane 9, starting a stirrer, oxygenating the liquid fermentation tank 7 through an oxygenating pump 23 and an oxygenating pipe 22, and simultaneously starting heating components 8 around the liquid fermentation tank 7, namely introducing hot water with a certain temperature into the hot water pipe to enable the fermentation temperature in the liquid fermentation tank 7 to be at a proper temperature for conventional fermentation, performing conventional aerobic fermentation, and taking the fermented product as a liquid fertilizer for being compounded with other additives to obtain liquid fertilizers with different functions;
(5) solid part treatment: temporarily storing or selling the solid part obtained by the treatment in the step (3) by using a temporary storage pool of the orange residue, and using the solid part as one of the components of the feeding feed for the artificial feeding of the hermetia illucens.
Claims (9)
1. A processing method for resource utilization of waste rotten oranges is characterized in that waste rotten oranges are collected and crushed, and solid-liquid separation is carried out: wherein the liquid part is fermented to obtain liquid biological bacterial manure; the solid part is prepared into a bio-organic fertilizer by adding a nutrition supplement and fermenting, or is used as a main component of the feed for the hermetia illucens.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation of the liquid portion is aerobic fermentation, in which the aerobic fermentation is carried out by inoculating the citrus juice subjected to solid-liquid separation into an aerobic fermentation strain and adding a fermentation C/N source supplement, under the conditions of oxygenation and heating.
3. The method for processing the waste and rotten oranges into resources according to claim 2, wherein the solid part is prepared into the bio-organic fertilizer by inoculating aerobic fermentation strains into the solid-liquid separated citrus residues, and then stirring, turning and fermenting the aerobic fermentation strains to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.
4. The method for processing the waste rotten citrus into resources according to the claim 3, wherein the processing method is realized by a waste rotten citrus resource utilization system, and the waste rotten citrus resource utilization system comprises a crushing separation part and a liquid fermentation part;
the crushing and separating part comprises a waste rotten citrus temporary storage tank, a first conveying mechanism, a crusher, a second conveying mechanism and a squeezer, wherein the first conveying mechanism is a screw conveyor or a combination of the screw conveyor and a belt conveyor, a feeding end of the first conveying mechanism is connected with a discharging port of the waste rotten citrus temporary storage tank, a discharging end of the first conveying mechanism is located above a feeding port at the top of the crusher, the waste rotten citrus in the waste rotten citrus temporary storage tank is conveyed into the crusher through the first conveying mechanism, a discharging port at the bottom of the crusher is located above a feeding end of the second conveying mechanism, and a discharging end of the second conveying mechanism is located above a feeding port of the squeezer; the juice generated in the crusher and the squeezer is sent into a liquid storage tank of the liquid fermentation part by a liquid sending pipeline under the action of a pump, and the slag generated in the squeezer is reserved;
the liquid fermentation part comprises a liquid storage tank and a liquid fermentation tank, wherein the liquid storage tank is arranged below the ground, the liquid fermentation tank is built above the liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank and the liquid fermentation tank are connected and communicated through a feeding pipeline and a first liquid pump, the inner wall of the periphery of each liquid fermentation tank is fixedly provided with a heating component, the bottom of each liquid fermentation tank is provided with an oxygen charging pipe, and the other end of each oxygen charging pipe is finally connected with an oxygen charging pump.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein a truss is fixed above the liquid fermentation tank for pouring C/N supplementary fermentation material including semen glycines into the liquid fermentation tank.
6. The processing method for recycling the waste and rotten oranges according to claim 5, wherein the waste and rotten oranges recycling system further comprises a solid fermentation part, the slag generated in the squeezer is fed into the solid fermentation part, the solid fermentation part comprises a fermentation tank and a turning machine, first rail steels are fixed on the tops of two sides of the fermentation tank in the length direction, the turning machine is slidably matched on the two first rail steels of the fermentation tank, the turning machine is a chain plate type turning machine, a first conveying belt is installed on one side of the fermentation tank and is positioned below the bottom of one side of the fermentation tank, the discharge end of the first conveying belt is positioned right above the feed end of a second conveying belt, the second conveying belt is directly or indirectly connected with the sieving machine through one or more conveying belts, the sieving machine is connected with an automatic packaging machine through another conveying belt, and the other side of the fermentation tank is a feed end, a stirrer is fixed at the feed end of the fermentation tank; the orange residues after being squeezed by the middle squeezer in the crushing and separating part are conveyed into the stirrer through the conveying equipment, and are conveyed into the feeding end of the fermentation tank through the conveying equipment after being stirred in the stirrer.
7. The method for processing the waste rotten citrus into resources and utilization according to the claim 6, wherein the fermentation tanks in the solid fermentation part are designed into a plurality of fermentation tanks which are arranged side by side, all the fermentation tanks are opened at the side far away from the feeding end, an installation groove which is orthogonal to the length direction of the fermentation tanks is fixed at the opened side of all the fermentation tanks, the top of the installation groove is also fixed with a second rail steel, the first conveyer belt is fixed in the installation groove, and the height position of the first conveyer belt is lower than the height position of the bottom in the fermentation tanks; a transfer trolley is matched on the second rail steel at the top of the mounting groove in a matching manner, a third rail steel butted with the first rail steel at the top of the fermentation tank is also fixed at the top of the transfer trolley, a discharging hopper is fixed in the transfer trolley, and a bottom discharging port of the discharging hopper is positioned above the first conveying belt.
8. The method for treating the resource utilization of the rotten citrus fruits according to the claim 7, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing: waste rotten oranges are collected from growers and fruit businessmen and poured into a temporary storage pool of the rotten oranges, the rotten oranges flow to an inlet of a first conveying mechanism by utilizing the height and difference principle, then the rotten oranges are conveyed to a crusher by the first conveying mechanism to be crushed, and juice generated in the crushing process is conveyed into a liquid storage pool of a liquid fermentation part under the action of a pump through a corresponding liquid conveying pipeline;
(2) solid-liquid separation: feeding the crushed oranges obtained through the treatment in the step (1) into a presser through a second conveying mechanism, and performing solid-liquid separation through the presser to obtain a liquid part and a solid part respectively;
(3) liquid fermentation: conveying the liquid part obtained in the step (2) into a liquid storage pool of a liquid fermentation part under the action of a pump through a corresponding liquid conveying pipeline for temporary storage, pumping the liquid into a liquid fermentation pool through a first liquid pumping pump, simultaneously adding a proper amount of soybeans into the fermentation pool, filling oxygen into the liquid fermentation pool through an oxygen filling pump and an oxygen filling pipe, simultaneously starting heating components around the liquid fermentation pool, enabling the liquid in the liquid fermentation pool to be at a proper temperature for conventional aerobic fermentation, and taking the fermented product as a liquid bacterial fertilizer for compounding with other additives to obtain liquid fertilizers with different functions;
(4) solid part treatment: there are two ways: one is that the solid part obtained by the treatment of the step (2) is used as one of the components of the feeding feed for the artificial feeding of the hermetia illucens; and the other method is that the solid part obtained by the treatment in the step (2) is sent into a stirrer of the solid fermentation part, nutritional supplement is added into the stirrer for full stirring, then a forklift or other conventional transfer equipment is adopted to send the uniformly stirred material into the fermentation tank from the feed end of the fermentation tank, the chain plate type turning and throwing machine turns and throws the material in the fermentation tank in the process of walking back and forth in the fermentation tank, finally the completely fermented material is thrown onto a first conveying belt, the first conveying belt is sent into a second conveying belt, the second conveying belt or more conveying belts are sent into a screening machine for screening, the material with larger block heads is screened out, and the screened material is finally sent into an automatic packaging machine for packaging.
9. The method for recycling waste rotten citrus, according to claim 8, wherein the nutrition supplement comprises a waste mushroom bag and dried chicken manure, and the weight ratio of the waste mushroom bag to the dried chicken manure to the squeezed waste citrus pulp is 2:1: 2.
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| CN103819239A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-28 | 重庆圣沛农业科技有限公司 | Orange peel dregs biologic fermentation method |
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