CN111499344B - 一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺 - Google Patents

一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺 Download PDF

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CN111499344B
CN111499344B CN202010387937.4A CN202010387937A CN111499344B CN 111499344 B CN111499344 B CN 111499344B CN 202010387937 A CN202010387937 A CN 202010387937A CN 111499344 B CN111499344 B CN 111499344B
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propping agent
potassium feldspar
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王子雨
杭天飞
崔梦迪
李宏岐
宋彦佩
段运明
陈厚发
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Zhengzhou Xinzheng Meijiu Industrial Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其包括以下步骤：对钾长石进行除杂、干燥、粉碎处理后，得到钾长石细粉；所述钾长石细粉、石墨粉、镁粉混合均匀，通入保护气在600‑700℃烧制1‑2 h，升温至950‑1100℃烧制1‑2 h，冷却取出、再次粉碎，得到二次粉；将二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合，喷雾混合制粒、抛光，得到陶瓷初粒，通入保护气，将所述陶瓷初粒在1150～1210℃烧结0.5‑1 h，然后继续升温至1250‑1350℃烧制1‑2 h，得到石油压裂支撑剂。该方法在避免高铝矿物的应用，尽可能保证石油压裂支撑剂的性能，具有较大的应用前景。

Description

一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及石油压裂支撑剂，尤其涉及一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺。
背景技术
在石油天然气深井开采时，高闭合压力低渗透性矿床经压裂处理后，使含油气岩层裂开，油气从裂缝形成的通道中汇集而出，此时需要流体注入岩石基层，以超过地层破裂强度的压力，使井筒周围岩层产生裂缝，形成一个具有高层流能力的通道，为保持压裂后形成的裂缝开启，油气产物能顺畅通过。用石油支撑剂随同高压溶液进入地层充填在岩层裂隙中，起到支撑裂隙不因应力释放而闭合的作用，从而保持高导流能力，使油气畅通，增加产量。天然石油支撑剂主要包括天然石英砂、玻璃球、金属球等，但是强度较低，利用优质铝土岩、煤等多种原材料进行陶瓷烧结制备石油压裂支撑剂，可以有效提高支撑剂强度，代替天然石油支撑剂用于油田井下支撑，以增加石油天然气的产量。
为了解决以上存在的问题，人们一直在寻求一种理想的技术解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，从而提供一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其包括以下步骤：
对钾长石进行除杂、干燥、粉碎处理后，得到钾长石细粉；所述钾长石细粉、石墨粉、镁粉混合均匀，通入保护气在600-700℃烧制1-2 h，升温至950-1100℃烧制1-2 h，冷却取出、再次粉碎，得到二次粉；将二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合，喷雾混合制粒、抛光，得到陶瓷初粒，通入保护气，将所述陶瓷初粒在1150～1210℃烧结0.5-1 h，然后继续升温至1250-1350℃烧制1-2 h，得到石油压裂支撑剂。
基于上述，所述钾长石主要包括以下组分：SiO2 60.0%-68.0%、Al2O3 15.0%-22.0%、K2O 9.05%-15.0%、Na2O 2.00%-2.55%。
基于上述，所述钾长石细粉10%-15%、石墨粉0.5%-5%、镁粉0.5%-5%、轻烧黏土55%-65%、三聚磷酸钠0.2%-1.2%、凝灰岩6%-14%、矿化剂0.5%-1.5%、水5%-13%。
基于上述，所述轻烧黏土中包括：SiO2 32%-38%、Al2O3 42%-50%。
基于上述，所述矿化剂为二氧化锰、碳酸钡、硼酸酐中的一种或至少两种的组合。
基于上述，所述保护气为Ar气。
基于上述，所述凝灰岩包括以下质量百分数的组分：SiO2 72%-74%，Al2O3 15%-18%， Na2O 1.5%-2.0%，K2O 7.0%-9.0%，Fe2O3＜0.20%，CaO＜0.5%，MgO＜0.3%，烧失＜2.5%。
基于上述，二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合的过程中采用刚玉进行球磨，混合均匀。
基于上述，所述钾长石细粉的粒度小于200 nm，所述二次粉、所述凝灰岩的粒度小于45μm，所述矿化剂、所述石墨粉和所述镁粉的粒度小于100 nm。
与现有技术相比，本发明具体突出的实质性特点与显著进步。具体的说，本发明提供一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，在避免高铝矿物应用的前提下，采用黏土结合钾长石为主要原材料，保证石油压裂支撑剂的性能，具有较大的应用前景。进一步，首先对钾长石进行粉碎处理，然后添加石墨粉、镁粉混合均匀，在Ar气保护下在600-700℃、950-1100℃烧制使得镁、石墨和部分二氧化硅反应形成氧化镁、碳化硅，在保证陶瓷硬度的同时，达到增韧效果，降低破碎率，而且氧化镁还可以在后续的步骤中作为粘结剂；另外，添加一定量的凝灰岩、三聚磷酸钠，凝灰岩疏松多孔，三聚磷酸钠分解，使得在烧制过程中气体挥发，可以在一定程度上降低产品密度，达到高强度、低密度的效果；同时，采用刚玉球磨少量的刚玉进入原料中，促使后续烧结过程中其他晶型的氧化铝向着刚玉转变，提高产品强度。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其包括以下步骤：
对钾长石进行除杂、干燥、粉碎处理后，得到钾长石细粉；所述钾长石细粉、石墨粉、镁粉混合均匀，通入保护气在600-700℃烧制1 h，升温至950-1100℃烧制2 h，冷却取出、再次粉碎，得到二次粉；将二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合，喷雾混合制粒、抛光，得到陶瓷初粒，通入保护气，将所述陶瓷初粒在1150～1210℃烧结0.8 h，然后继续升温至1250-1350℃烧制2 h，得到石油压裂支撑剂。
所述轻烧黏土中包括：SiO2 32%-38%、Al2O3 42%-50%,且粒度小于50 μm。所述钾长石主要包括以下组分：SiO2 60.0%-68.0%、Al2O3 15.0%-22.0%、K2O 9.05%-15.0%、Na2O2.00%-2.55%。其原料配比如下：所述钾长石细粉10%、石墨粉1%、镁粉1%、轻烧黏土55%、三聚磷酸钠0.5%、凝灰岩14%、矿化剂1.5%、水7%。所述矿化剂为二氧化锰；所述保护气为Ar气。
所述凝灰岩包括以下质量百分数的组分：SiO2 72%-74%，Al2O3 15%-18%， Na2O1.5%-2.0%，K2O 7.0%-9.0%，Fe2O3＜0.20%，CaO＜0.5%，MgO＜0.3%，烧失＜2.5%。优选的，二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合的过程中采用刚玉进行球磨，混合均匀。优选的，所述钾长石细粉的粒度小于200 nm，所述二次粉、所述凝灰岩的粒度小于45μm，所述矿化剂、所述石墨粉和所述镁粉的粒度小于100 nm。
实施例2
一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其包括以下步骤：
对钾长石进行除杂、干燥、粉碎处理后，得到钾长石细粉；所述钾长石细粉、石墨粉、镁粉混合均匀，通入保护气在600-700℃烧制2 h，升温至950-1100℃烧制1-2 h，冷却取出、再次粉碎，得到二次粉；将二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合，喷雾混合制粒、抛光，得到陶瓷初粒，通入保护气，将所述陶瓷初粒在1150～1210℃烧结0.5 h，然后继续升温至1250-1350℃烧制2 h，得到石油压裂支撑剂。
所述陶瓷初粒的粒径为20目-40目；所述轻烧黏土中包括：SiO2 32%-38%、Al2O342%-50%,且粒度小于50 μm。所述钾长石主要包括以下组分：SiO2 60.0%-68.0%、Al2O315.0%-22.0%、K2O 9.05%-15.0%、Na2O 2.00%-2.55%。其原料配比如下：所述钾长石细粉15%、石墨粉5%、镁粉5%、轻烧黏土58%、三聚磷酸钠0.2%、凝灰岩6%、矿化剂0.8%、水10%。所述矿化剂为碳酸钡。所述保护气为Ar气。
所述凝灰岩包括以下质量百分数的组分：SiO2 72%-74%，Al2O3 15%-18%， Na2O1.5%-2.0%，K2O 7.0%-9.0%，Fe2O3＜0.20%，CaO＜0.5%，MgO＜0.3%，烧失＜2.5%。优选的，二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合的过程中采用刚玉进行球磨，混合均匀。优选的，所述钾长石细粉的粒度小于200 nm，所述二次粉、所述凝灰岩的粒度小于45μm，所述矿化剂、所述石墨粉和所述镁粉的粒度小于100 nm。
实施例3
一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其包括以下步骤：
对钾长石进行除杂、干燥、粉碎处理后，得到钾长石细粉；所述钾长石细粉、石墨粉、镁粉混合均匀，通入保护气在600-700℃烧制1.5 h，升温至950-1100℃烧制2h，冷却取出、再次粉碎，得到二次粉；将二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合，喷雾混合制粒、抛光，得到陶瓷初粒，通入保护气，将所述陶瓷初粒在1150～1210℃烧结0.8 h，然后继续升温至1250-1350℃烧制1.6 h，得到石油压裂支撑剂。
所述陶瓷初粒的粒径为20目-40目；所述轻烧黏土中包括：SiO2 32%-38%、Al2O342%-50%,且粒度小于50 μm。所述钾长石主要包括以下组分：SiO2 60.0%-68.0%、Al2O315.0%-22.0%、K2O 9.05%-15.0%、Na2O 2.00%-2.55%。其原料配比如下：所述钾长石细粉12%、石墨粉3%、镁粉3%、轻烧黏土65%、三聚磷酸钠1.2%、凝灰岩7%、矿化剂0.8%、水8%。所述矿化剂为硼酸酐。
所述保护气为Ar气。所述凝灰岩包括以下质量百分数的组分：SiO2 72%-74%，Al2O315%-18%， Na2O 1.5%-2.0%，K2O 7.0%-9.0%，Fe2O3＜0.20%，CaO＜0.5%，MgO＜0.3%，烧失＜2.5%。优选的，二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合的过程中采用刚玉进行球磨，混合均匀。优选的，所述钾长石细粉的粒度小于200 nm，所述二次粉、所述凝灰岩的粒度小于45μm，所述矿化剂、所述石墨粉和所述镁粉的粒度小于100 nm。
实施例4
一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其包括以下步骤：
对钾长石进行除杂、干燥、粉碎处理后，得到钾长石细粉；所述钾长石细粉、石墨粉、镁粉混合均匀，通入保护气在600-700℃烧制1.2 h，升温至950-1100℃烧制1.5 h，冷却取出、再次粉碎，得到二次粉；将二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合，喷雾混合制粒、抛光，得到陶瓷初粒，通入保护气，将所述陶瓷初粒在1150～1210℃烧结0.5 h，然后继续升温至1250-1350℃烧制2 h，得到石油压裂支撑剂。
所述陶瓷初粒的粒径为20目-40目；所述轻烧黏土中包括：SiO2 32%-38%、Al2O342%-50%,且粒度小于50 μm。所述钾长石主要包括以下组分：SiO2 60.0%-68.0%、Al2O315.0%-22.0%、K2O 9.05%-15.0%、Na2O 2.00%-2.55%。其原料配比如下：所述钾长石细粉10%、石墨粉0.5%、镁粉0.5%、轻烧黏土62%、三聚磷酸钠0.5%、凝灰岩14%、矿化剂0.5%、水12%。所述矿化剂为碳酸钡，所述保护气为Ar气。
所述凝灰岩包括以下质量百分数的组分：SiO2 72%-74%，Al2O3 15%-18%， Na2O1.5%-2.0%，K2O 7.0%-9.0%，Fe2O3＜0.20%，CaO＜0.5%，MgO＜0.3%，烧失＜2.5%。优选的，二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合的过程中采用刚玉进行球磨，混合均匀。优选的，所述钾长石细粉的粒度小于200 nm，所述二次粉、所述凝灰岩的粒度小于45μm，所述矿化剂、所述石墨粉和所述镁粉的粒度小于100 nm。
性能检测
参照Q/SY 125-2007 压裂支撑剂性能指标及评价测试方法，对实施例1-4得到的压裂支撑剂进行性能检测，由检测数据可知，本发明得到油气压裂支撑剂满足QSH 0051-2007压裂用陶粒支撑剂技术要求。
Figure 621304DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。

Claims (6)

1.一种石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其包括以下步骤：
对钾长石进行除杂、干燥、粉碎处理后，得到钾长石细粉；所述钾长石细粉、石墨粉、镁粉混合均匀，通入保护气在600-700℃烧制1-2 h，升温至950-1100℃烧制1-2 h，冷却取出、再次粉碎，得到二次粉；将二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合，喷雾混合制粒、抛光，得到陶瓷初粒，通入保护气，将所述陶瓷初粒在1150～1210℃烧结0.5-1 h，然后继续升温至1250-1350℃烧制1-2 h，得到石油压裂支撑剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其特征在于，以质量百分数计，所述钾长石主要包括以下组分：SiO2 60.0%-68.0%、Al2O3 15.0%-22.0%、K2O 9.05%-15.0%、Na2O 2.00%-2.55%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其特征在于，以质量百分数计，所述轻烧黏土中包括：SiO2 32%-38%、Al2O3 42%-50%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其特征在于，所述保护气为Ar气。
5.根据权利要求1所述的石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其特征在于，所述凝灰岩包括以下质量百分数的组分：SiO2 72%-74%，Al2O3 15%-18%， Na2O 1.5%-2.0%，K2O 7.0%-9.0%，Fe2O3＜0.20%，CaO＜0.5%，MgO＜0.3%，烧失＜2.5%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的石油压裂支撑剂的烧结工艺，其特征在于，二次粉和轻烧黏土、三聚磷酸钠、凝灰岩混合的过程中采用刚玉进行球磨，混合均匀。
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