CN115028430B - 一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:对钾长石尾矿进行破碎、清洗、干燥、球磨,得到钾长石尾矿细粉;将钾长石尾矿细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉、造孔剂、镁粉、水玻璃混合均匀,得到第一混合粉;将钾长石尾矿细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩球磨混合均匀,得到第二混合粉;第一混合粉依次进行增湿造粒抛光得到支撑剂初粒,然后在惰性气氛下烧结膨胀,得到支撑剂内芯;在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂碳粉,在惰性气氛下烧结,然后冷却、清洗、抛光;在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂第二混合粉,烧结、冷却,即得。该方法采用钾长石尾矿为主要原料,制得一种内部存在大量微孔的支撑剂,可以有效避免其影响陶粒支撑剂的球度和圆度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及了石油开采领域,具体的说,涉及了一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法。
背景技术
在石油天然气深井开采时,高闭合压力低渗透性矿床经压裂处理后,使含油气岩层裂开,油气从裂缝形成的通道中汇集而出,此时需要流体注入岩石基层,以超过地层破裂强度的压力,使井筒周围岩层产生裂缝,形成一个具有高层流能力的通道,为保持压裂后形成的裂缝开启,油气产物能顺畅通过。用石油支撑剂随同高压溶液进入地层充填在岩层裂隙中,起到支撑裂隙不因应力释放而闭合的作用,从而保持高导流能力,使油气畅通,增加产量。
天然石油支撑剂主要包括天然石英砂、玻璃球、金属球等,但是强度较低,利用优质铝土岩、煤等多种原材料进行陶瓷烧结制备石油压裂支撑剂,可以有效提高支撑剂强度,代替天然石油支撑剂用于油田井下支撑,以增加石油天然气的产量。
按密度大小不同,石油支撑剂可分为超低密度支撑剂、低密度支撑剂、中密度支撑剂和高密度支撑剂,随着支撑剂的密度增大,支撑剂对于支撑液、施工条件的要求也就越高。因此,研究人员纷纷努力开发低密度支撑剂。
中国专利申请CN202111108269.8公开了一种利用二氧化硅包覆的低密度高强度陶粒支撑剂及制备方法,该低密度高强度陶粒支撑剂以陶粒支撑剂为内核、所述内核外包覆二氧化硅形成包覆层,该二氧化硅包覆层通过正硅酸乙酯在陶粒支撑剂表面依次经过水解、干燥形成,二氧化硅和陶粒支撑剂的结合并不紧密,容易脱落。
中国专利申请CN201911425772.9 公开了一种轻质多孔支撑剂、制备方法及其应用,其采用无机盐作为造孔剂,制备过程中,先将铝矾土、氯化钠、二氧化锰等原料混合均匀,再进行造粒、烧结、处理,最后,将陶粒置于温水中使陶粒表面的氯化钠溶于水中,进而在陶粒表面形成微孔,但是,该方案也使得陶粒的球形度变差,影响支撑剂的流动性,容易压裂地层;同时,陶粒内部的无机盐无法完全浸出,容易影响支撑剂的机械性能。
为了解决以上存在的问题,人们一直在寻求一种理想的技术解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,从而提供一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
将钾长石尾矿破碎至粒度小于100目,然后清洗钾长石尾矿颗粒,去除泥沙,干燥;
对钾长石尾矿颗粒进行球磨,得到钾长石尾矿细粉;
以质量份数计,将15-20份钾长石尾矿细粉、30-40份轻烧黏土、10-15份凝灰岩、0.3-0.8份萤石粉、1-2份造孔剂、2-5份镁粉、5-10份水玻璃混合均匀,得到第一混合粉;
将5-10份钾长石尾矿细粉、50-60轻烧黏土、5-10份凝灰岩球磨混合均匀,得到第二混合粉;
第一混合粉依次进行增湿造粒、抛光得到支撑剂初粒,然后在惰性气氛下烧结膨胀,得到支撑剂内芯;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂碳粉,在惰性气氛下烧结,然后冷却、清洗、抛光;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂第二混合粉,烧结、冷却,即得。
所述萤石粉的主要成分为CaF2,CaF2的质量分数大于95% ;所述凝灰岩包括以下质量百分数的组分:SiO2 72%-74%,Al2O3 15%-18%, Na2O 1.5%-2.0%,K2O 7.0%-9.0%,Fe2O3<0.20%,CaO<0.5%,MgO<0.3%,烧失<2.5%;所述轻烧黏土包括以下质量百分数的组分:SiO2 32%-38%、Al2O3 42%-50%;所述钾长石尾矿主要包括以下质量百分数的组分:SiO271.02%、TiO2 0.19%、Fe2O3 2.13%、FeO 1.01%、CaO 2.69%、K2O 3.00%、Na2O 2.41%。
所述钾长石细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目。
所述造孔剂为碳酸氢钠。
所述支撑剂初粒的粒径为60-70目,所述支撑剂内芯的粒径为40-50目;所述低密度陶粒支撑剂的粒径为30-50目。
所述造孔剂为碳酸氢钠,得到支撑剂内芯的步骤包括:在惰性气氛下将支撑剂初粒升温至100-300℃保温10-30 min,然后升温至600-700℃烧结10-15 min。
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂碳粉,在惰性气氛下升温至950-1100℃烧制10-15min,然后冷却、清洗。
在支撑剂初粒的表面均匀喷涂第二混合粉,升温至1150-1250℃烧结1-2 h,即得。
在惰性气氛下,升温速率为1-2℃/min,将支撑剂初粒升温至100-300℃保温10-30min,然后升温速率为5-7℃/min,升温至600-700℃烧结10-15 min。
所述造孔剂、镁粉、碳粉的粒径小于100 nm。
本发明相对现有技术具有突出的实质性特点和显著进步,具体的说,本发明提供的低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,采用钾长石尾矿为主要原料,制得一种内部存在大量微孔的轻质低密度陶粒支撑剂,由于微孔位于陶粒支撑剂的内部,可以有效避免其影响陶粒支撑剂的球度和圆度,具体,采用钾长石结合轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉、造孔剂、镁粉、水玻璃烧制内芯,采用碳酸氢钠为造孔剂,首先缓慢升温使得内芯上均匀形成微孔,而镁粉在600-700℃可以与二氧化硅反应形成氧化镁和硅;内芯烧结完成后,在其表面喷涂碳粉继续烧结,使其表面的硅与碳粉烧结形成碳化硅,然后,进行冷却、清洗、抛光处理,去除表面多余的碳粉;然后,在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂第二混合粉,再次进行烧结;另外,碳酸氢钠分解后得到的碳酸钠还可以结合萤石粉后续作为助熔剂,后续反应中,萤石粉中由于富含氟化钙可以与水玻璃中的水反应形成硬质氧化物。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
以下实施例及对比实例中,所述萤石粉的主要成分为CaF2,CaF2的质量分数大于95% ;所述凝灰岩包括以下质量百分数的组分:SiO2 72.05%,Al2O3 16.32%, Na2O 1.97%,K2O 8.96%,Fe2O3<0.20%,CaO<0.5%,MgO<0.3%,烧失<2.5%;所述轻烧黏土包括以下质量百分数的组分:SiO2 37.25%、Al2O3 49.41%;所述钾长石尾矿主要包括以下质量百分数的组分:SiO2 71.02%、TiO2 0.19%、Fe2O3 2.13%、FeO 1.01%、CaO 2.69%、K2O 3.00%、Na2O2.41%。
实施例1
一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
将钾长石尾矿破碎至粒度小于100目,然后清洗钾长石尾矿颗粒,去除泥沙,干燥;
对钾长石尾矿颗粒进行球磨,得到钾长石尾矿细粉;
以质量份数计,将18份钾长石尾矿细粉、35份轻烧黏土、15份凝灰岩、0.5份萤石粉、1.5份碳酸氢钠、4份镁粉、8份水玻璃混合均匀,得到第一混合粉;其中,所述钾长石细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目;
以质量份数计,将10份钾长石尾矿细粉、57轻烧黏土、5份凝灰岩球磨混合均匀,得到第二混合粉;
第一混合粉依次进行增湿造粒抛光筛分工序得到粒径为60-70目的支撑剂初粒,然后在Ar惰性气氛下,升温速率为1℃/min,将支撑剂初粒升温至170℃保温20 min,然后在Ar惰性气氛下,升温速率为7℃/min,继续升温至600-700℃烧结10 min,得到40-50目的支撑剂内芯;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂碳粉,在Ar惰性气氛下升温至950-1100℃烧制15min,然后冷却、清洗、抛光;具体的,可以支撑剂内芯置于采用Ar气携带碳粉气流中;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂第二混合粉,升温至1150-1250℃烧结1 h,冷却,筛分,即得粒径为30-50目的支撑剂。
其中,所述钾长石细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目;所述造孔剂、镁粉、碳粉的粒径小于100 nm。
实施例2
一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
将钾长石尾矿破碎至粒度小于100目,然后清洗钾长石尾矿颗粒,去除泥沙,干燥;
对钾长石尾矿颗粒进行球磨,得到钾长石尾矿细粉;
以质量份数计,将15份钾长石尾矿细粉、40份轻烧黏土、10份凝灰岩、0.3份萤石粉、2份碳酸氢钠、2份镁粉、10份水玻璃混合均匀,得到第一混合粉;其中,所述钾长石细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目;
以质量份数计,将10份钾长石尾矿细粉、50轻烧黏土、5份凝灰岩球磨混合均匀,得到第二混合粉;
第一混合粉依次进行增湿造粒抛光筛分工序得到粒径为60-70目的支撑剂初粒,然后在Ar惰性气氛下,升温速率为1℃/min,将支撑剂初粒升温至100℃保温20 min,然后在Ar惰性气氛下,升温速率为7℃/min,继续升温至600-700℃烧结15 min,得到40-50目的支撑剂内芯;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂碳粉,在Ar惰性气氛下升温至950-1100℃烧制15min,然后冷却、清洗、抛光;优选的,可以支撑剂内芯置于采用Ar气携带碳粉气流中;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂第二混合粉,升温至1150-1250℃烧结1 h,冷却,筛分,即得粒径为30-50目的支撑剂。
其中,所述钾长石细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目;所述造孔剂、镁粉、碳粉的粒径小于100 nm。
实施例3
一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
将钾长石尾矿破碎至粒度小于100目,然后清洗钾长石尾矿颗粒,去除泥沙,干燥;
对钾长石尾矿颗粒进行球磨,得到钾长石尾矿细粉;
以质量份数计,将20份钾长石尾矿细粉、40份轻烧黏土、15份凝灰岩、0.8份萤石粉、1份碳酸氢钠、2份镁粉、10份水玻璃混合均匀,得到第一混合粉;其中,所述钾长石细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目;
以质量份数计,将5份钾长石尾矿细粉、60轻烧黏土、10份凝灰岩球磨混合均匀,得到第二混合粉;
第一混合粉依次进行增湿造粒抛光筛分工序得到粒径为60-70目的支撑剂初粒,然后在Ar惰性气氛下,升温速率为2℃/min,将支撑剂初粒升温至300℃保温30 min,然后在Ar惰性气氛下,升温速率为5℃/min,继续升温至600-700℃烧结10 min,得到40-50目的支撑剂内芯;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂碳粉,在Ar惰性气氛下升温至950-1100℃烧制10min,然后冷却、清洗、抛光;优选的,可以支撑剂内芯置于采用Ar气携带碳粉气流中;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂第二混合粉,升温至1150-1250℃烧结2 h,冷却,筛分,即得粒径为30-50目的支撑剂。
其中,所述钾长石细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目;所述造孔剂、镁粉、碳粉的粒径小于100 nm。
对比实例
一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
将钾长石尾矿破碎至粒度小于100目,然后清洗钾长石尾矿颗粒,去除泥沙,干燥;
对钾长石尾矿颗粒进行球磨,得到钾长石尾矿细粉;
以质量份数计,将18份钾长石尾矿细粉、35份轻烧黏土、15份凝灰岩、0.5份萤石粉、1.5份碳酸氢钠、4份镁粉、8份水玻璃混合均匀,得到第一混合粉;其中,所述钾长石细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目;
以质量份数计,将10份钾长石尾矿细粉、57轻烧黏土、5份凝灰岩球磨混合均匀,得到第二混合粉;
第一混合粉和第二混合粉混合均匀,然后依次进行增湿造粒抛光筛分工序得到粒径为60-70目的支撑剂初粒,然后在Ar惰性气氛下,升温速率为1℃/min,将支撑剂初粒升温至170℃保温20 min,然后在Ar惰性气氛下,升温速率为7℃/min,继续升温至600-700℃烧结10 min,置于采用Ar气携带碳粉气流中,升温至950-1100℃烧制15 min,然后冷却、清洗、抛光;升温至1150-1250℃烧结1 h,冷却,筛分,即得粒径为30-50目的支撑剂。
其中,所述钾长石细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目;所述造孔剂、镁粉、碳粉的粒径小于100 nm。
参照Q/SY 125-2007 压裂支撑剂性能指标及评价测试方法,对实施例1和对比实例得到的陶粒支撑剂进行性能检测见表1,由检测数据可知,本发明得到陶粒支撑剂满足QSH 0051-2007压裂用陶粒支撑剂技术要求。吸水率按照测试方法:室温下,取试样放于蒸馏水中,放置15 min,取出试样擦去表面水分,试样吸水率=100%*吸水质量/试样质量
表1 实施例1与对比实例制得的陶粒支撑剂性能
体积密度(g/cm<sup>3</sup>) | 视密度(g/cm<sup>3</sup>) | 闭合压力为86 MPa的破碎率(%) | 球形度 | 圆度 | 吸水率(%) | |
对比实例 | 1.45 | 2.50 | 8.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 18.2 |
实施例1 | 1.43 | 2.52 | 5.3 | >0.9 | >0.9 | 3.5 |
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制;尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换;而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神,其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。
Claims (4)
1.一种低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
将钾长石尾矿破碎至粒度小于100目,然后清洗钾长石尾矿颗粒,去除泥沙,干燥;
对钾长石尾矿颗粒进行球磨,得到钾长石尾矿细粉;
将部分钾长石尾矿细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉、造孔剂、镁粉、水玻璃混合均匀,得到第一混合粉;其中,所述造孔剂为碳酸氢钠;
将部分钾长石尾矿细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩球磨混合均匀,得到第二混合粉;
第一混合粉依次进行增湿造粒、抛光得到支撑剂初粒,然后在惰性气氛下,升温速率为1-2℃/min,将支撑剂初粒升温至100-300℃保温10-30 min,然后升温速率为5-7℃/min,升温至600-700℃烧结10-15 min,得到支撑剂内芯;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂碳粉,在惰性气氛下升温至950-1100℃烧制10-15 min,然后冷却、清洗、抛光处理;
在支撑剂内芯的表面均匀喷涂第二混合粉,升温至1150-1250℃烧结1-2 h,冷却,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述钾长石尾矿细粉、轻烧黏土、凝灰岩、萤石粉的粒度均小于200目。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述支撑剂初粒的粒径为60-70目,所述支撑剂内芯的粒径为40-50目;所述低密度陶粒支撑剂的粒径为30-50目。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述造孔剂、镁粉、碳粉的粒径小于100 nm。
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