CN111497334B - Bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests - Google Patents
Bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN111497334B CN111497334B CN202010332461.4A CN202010332461A CN111497334B CN 111497334 B CN111497334 B CN 111497334B CN 202010332461 A CN202010332461 A CN 202010332461A CN 111497334 B CN111497334 B CN 111497334B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
- D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0237—Devices for protecting a specific part of a plant, e.g. roots, trunk or fruits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
- D21H23/52—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with a device carrying the material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/04—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating
- D21H25/06—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating of impregnated or coated paper
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bagging, and particularly relates to a bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps: (1) paper selection: selecting base paper with good quality and good air permeability as a raw material to prepare a paper bag; (2) infiltrating: soaking the base paper in the immersion liquid for 4-5min, taking out, and drying to obtain semi-finished paper; (3) coating: coating a slow release agent on one surface of the semi-finished paper, and naturally drying to obtain finished paper; (4) manufacturing a paper bag: taking the surface of the finished paper coated with the medicament as the inner surface of the bag to prepare a fruit bag; (5) and (6) bagging. The invention adopts the raw paper treated by the immersion liquid and the slow-release medicament to prepare the sleeve bag, can effectively improve the waterproof performance, improve the heat in the sleeve bag and has good control effect on pathogenic bacteria and pests in the sleeve bag; effectively reduced the emergence of bagging-off fruit plant diseases and insect pests, showing the quality that has improved fruit, this technical operation is simple, and green is high-efficient, suitable popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bagging, and particularly relates to a technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests.
Background
The fruit bagging is mainly used in the later growth stage of fruits and has the function of preventing the fruits from being attacked by birds and insects, harms of diseases and insect pests and damages of wind, rain and sunlight when the fruits are close to mature, so that the reduction of harvesting or the difference of quality is caused. Meanwhile, the corrosion of environmental pollution to fruits can be isolated, so that the fruits cannot be scratched by branches in the growing process. The bagging can generate local greenhouse effect, keep the proper humidity and temperature of the fruits, improve the sweetness of the fruits, improve the luster of the fruits, increase the yield of the fruits and shorten the growth period of the fruits. In addition, pesticides are not needed in the fruit growth process, so that the residual quantity of the pesticides in the fruits is reduced, and the fruit quality and the commodity value are improved.
In recent years, people have studied a lot of influences of fruit bagging technology on fruit quality, and the bagging technology is mature day by day; however, in the actual production process, the bagging effect is often influenced, and the economic benefit is reduced, wherein one of the problems is the disease and insect damage of bagged fruits. Researches show that new plant diseases and insect pests can be induced after the fruits are bagged, and the bagged fruits are easy to suffer from plant diseases and insect pests such as sunscald, black spot, soft rot, gray mold, brown rot, anthracnose, stalk rot, aphids, leaf roller, small fruit flies and the like. At present, in order to reduce the incidence rate of diseases and insect pests of bagged fruits, people generally spray insecticide and bactericide before bagging fruits, but the method can cause pesticide residue, and the control effect is very little in the later growth stage of the bagged fruits. Therefore, new fruit bagging techniques have been studied.
For example, patent publication No. CN105851027A discloses a fruit bag safety agent for improving external quality of Fuji apple and its application; the fruit bag safety agent is polyoxin wettable powder with the content of 3 percent, and the agent is respectively coated on paper which is not made into an inner bag of a fruit bag and the inner wall which is made into a single standard inner bag of the fruit bag. The paper coated with the medicament and not prepared into the fruit bag inner bag is prepared into the fruit bag for use, and the prepared fruit bag coated with the medicament is directly used. The fruit bag provided by the invention has the advantages that the disease fruit rate of Fuji is reduced to 6.22%, the fruit rate with rust is reduced to 12.50%, the high-quality fruit rate of Fuji is improved by about 10%, the remarkable effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the pesticide residues of fruits and the fruit bag are within the usable range.
The bagging technology provided by the patent can play a good role in preventing and controlling bagged fruits at the early stage of bagging fruits, but has poor medicament stability, is easy to lose efficacy at the later stage of the growth of the bagged fruits and has poor prevention effect; but also has poor control effect on the sunscald of the bagged fruits.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests, which is realized by the following technical scheme.
A bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) paper selection: selecting base paper with good quality and good air permeability as a raw material to prepare a paper bag;
(2) infiltrating: soaking the base paper in the immersion liquid for 4-5min, taking out, and drying to obtain semi-finished paper;
(3) coating: taking semi-finished paper, coating a slow release agent on one surface of the paper, and naturally airing to obtain finished paper;
(4) manufacturing a paper bag: taking one surface of the finished paper coated with the medicament as the inner surface of the fruit cap bag to prepare a fruit cap bag;
(5) bagging: the prepared fruit bagging is adopted to bag the fruits.
Preferably, the immersion liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1 part of sodium alginate, 0.3-0.5 part of tea saponin, 0.1-0.2 part of wood vinegar, 0.6-0.8 part of allicin, 0.6-0.8 part of capsaicin and 0.3-0.5 part of menthol.
Preferably, the preparation method of the immersion liquid comprises the following steps: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding 30 times of water, stirring gradually, heating to 80-90 deg.C, standing for 10-15min to obtain mixed emulsion; filtering to remove particulate matter, cooling the filtrate to 40-50 deg.C, adding allicin, capsaicin and Mentholum, stirring to dissolve completely, and making into steep.
The immersion liquid has good bonding performance with the base paper, and the base paper can be treated by the immersion liquid to improve the water resistance of the base paper. The immersion liquid also has strong thermal stability and weather resistance, and under the natural environment, the allicin, the capsaicin and the menthol in the immersion liquid can keep stable for a long time, repel pests and prevent the pests from contacting the cap bag; and the influence of the immersion liquid on the air permeability of the base paper is small. In addition, the base paper treated by the immersion liquid can weaken the irradiation of sunlight and prevent the slow-release medicament on the inner wall of the sleeve bag from losing efficacy due to the over-strong sunlight.
Preferably, in the step (2), the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃.
Preferably, the sustained-release medicament is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of chitosan, 2-3 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2-0.4 part of diatomite, 0.6-0.8 part of polyoxin, 0.6-0.8 part of eucalyptol, 0.3-0.5 part of calcium hydroxide and 0.6-0.8 part of quartz sand.
Preferably, the quartz sand has a particle size of 80-100 mesh.
Preferably, the preparation method of the sustained-release medicament comprises the following steps: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomite, dissolving in water 20 times of the weight of the mixture, stirring uniformly, heating to 60-70 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-20min, adding calcium hydroxide and quartz sand, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; cooling the mixture to 30-35 deg.C, maintaining the temperature at 30-35 deg.C for 20-30min, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the coating amount of the sustained-release agent is 20 to 30g/m2。
The chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomite used in the sustained-release medicament have adsorbability and can adsorb partial polyoxin, eucalyptol and calcium elements, so that the effective components in the sleeve bag can be slowly released in the use process, the action of the medicament is prolonged, the stability of the polyoxin and eucalyptol is improved, and the failure of the polyoxin and the eucalyptol caused by environmental mutation is avoided. Chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomite also have a certain bacteriostatic action. The quartz sand and the diatomite can promote the slow-release medicament to form a random pore structure on the white paper surface, maintain the air permeability of the bagging paper, simultaneously have the function of reducing the heat in the bag, and prevent the fruit sunscald caused by the overhigh heat in the bag when the environmental temperature is overhigh. The polyoxin and the eucalyptol can effectively kill germs and pests in the bags.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the raw paper treated by the immersion liquid and the slow-release medicament to prepare the sleeve bag, can effectively improve the waterproof performance, improve the heat in the sleeve bag and has good control effect on pathogenic bacteria and pests in the sleeve bag; the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests such as sunscald, black spot, soft rot, gray mold, brown rot, anthracnose, stalk rot, aphid, leaf roller, fruit fly and the like of bagged fruits is reduced, the incidence rate of the plant diseases and insect pests of the fruits is reduced, and the quality of the fruits is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) paper selection: selecting base paper with good quality and good air permeability as a raw material to prepare a paper bag;
(2) infiltrating: soaking the base paper in the soaking solution for 4-5min, taking out, and oven drying at 50-60 deg.C to obtain semi-finished paper;
(3) coating: coating the semi-finished paper with sustained-release agent at a dose of 20-30g/m2Naturally drying to obtain finished paper;
(4) manufacturing a paper bag: taking the surface of the finished paper coated with the medicament as the inner surface of the bag to prepare a fruit bag;
(5) bagging: the prepared fruit bagging is adopted to bag the fruits.
The immersion liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2kg of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1kg of sodium alginate, 0.3kg of tea saponin, 0.2kg of wood vinegar, 0.6kg of allicin, 0.8kg of capsaicin and 0.3kg of menthol.
The preparation method of the immersion liquid comprises the following steps: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding water 30 times of the mixture, gradually stirring, heating to 80-90 deg.C, standing for 10min to obtain mixed emulsion; filtering to remove particulate matter, cooling the filtrate to 40-50 deg.C, adding allicin, capsaicin and Mentholum, stirring to dissolve completely, and making into steep.
The sustained-release medicament is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3kg of chitosan, 3kg of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2kg of diatomite, 0.8kg of polyoxin, 0.6kg of eucalyptol, 0.5kg of calcium hydroxide and 0.6kg of quartz sand (80 meshes).
The preparation method of the sustained-release medicament comprises the following steps: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomite, dissolving in water 20 times of the weight of the mixture, stirring uniformly, heating to 60-70 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, adding calcium hydroxide and quartz sand, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; cooling the mixture to 30-35 deg.C, maintaining the temperature at 30-35 deg.C for 20min, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 2
A bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) paper selection: selecting base paper with good quality and good air permeability as a raw material to prepare a paper bag;
(2) infiltrating: soaking the base paper in the soaking solution for 4-5min, taking out, and oven drying at 50-60 deg.C to obtain semi-finished paper;
(3) coating: coating the semi-finished paper with sustained-release agent at a dosage of 20-30g/m2Naturally drying to obtain finished paper;
(4) manufacturing a paper bag: taking the surface of the finished paper coated with the medicament as the inner surface of the bag to prepare a fruit bag;
(5) bagging: the prepared fruit bagging is adopted to bag the fruits.
The immersion liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3kg of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8kg of sodium alginate, 0.5kg of tea saponin, 0.1kg of wood vinegar, 0.8kg of allicin, 0.6kg of capsaicin and 0.5kg of menthol.
The preparation method of the immersion liquid comprises the following steps: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding water 30 times of the mixture, gradually stirring, heating to 80-90 deg.C, standing for 15min to obtain mixed emulsion; filtering to remove particulate matter, cooling the filtrate to 40-50 deg.C, adding allicin, capsaicin and Mentholum, stirring to dissolve completely, and making into steep.
The sustained-release medicament is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4kg of chitosan, 2kg of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.4kg of diatomite, 0.6kg of polyoxin, 0.8kg of eucalyptol, 0.3kg of calcium hydroxide and 0.8kg of quartz sand (100 meshes).
The preparation method of the sustained-release medicament comprises the following steps: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomite, dissolving in water 20 times of the weight of the mixture, stirring uniformly, heating to 60-70 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, adding calcium hydroxide and quartz sand, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; cooling the mixture to 30-35 deg.C, maintaining the temperature at 30-35 deg.C for 20min, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 3
A bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) paper selection: selecting base paper with good quality and good air permeability as a raw material to prepare a paper bag;
(2) infiltrating: soaking the base paper in the soaking solution for 4-5min, taking out, and oven drying at 50-60 deg.C to obtain semi-finished paper;
(3) coating: the semi-finished paper is coated with a sustained-release agent at a dosage of 20-30g/m2Naturally drying to obtain finished paper;
(4) manufacturing a paper bag: taking the surface of the finished paper coated with the medicament as the inner surface of the bag to prepare a fruit bag;
(5) bagging: the prepared fruit bagging is adopted to bag the fruits.
The immersion liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3kg of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1kg of sodium alginate, 0.5kg of tea saponin, 0.2kg of wood vinegar, 0.8kg of allicin, 0.8kg of capsaicin and 0.3-0.5kg of menthol.
The preparation method of the immersion liquid comprises the following steps: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding water 30 times of the mixture, gradually stirring, heating to 80-90 deg.C, standing for 10min to obtain mixed emulsion; filtering to remove particulate matter, cooling the filtrate to 40-50 deg.C, adding allicin, capsaicin and Mentholum, stirring to dissolve completely, and making into steep.
The sustained-release medicament is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3.5kg of chitosan, 3kg of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.3kg of diatomite, 0.7kg of polyoxin, 0.6kg of eucalyptol, 0.4kg of calcium hydroxide and 0.8kg of quartz sand (100 meshes).
The preparation method of the sustained-release medicament comprises the following steps: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomite, dissolving in water 20 times of the weight of the mixture, stirring uniformly, heating to 60-70 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, adding calcium hydroxide and quartz sand, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; cooling the mixture to 30-35 deg.C, maintaining the temperature at 30-35 deg.C for 30min, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 4
A bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) paper selection: selecting base paper with good quality and good air permeability as a raw material to prepare a paper bag;
(2) infiltrating: soaking the base paper in the soaking solution for 4-5min, taking out, and oven drying at 50-60 deg.C to obtain semi-finished paper;
(3) coating: coating the semi-finished paper with sustained-release agent at a dosage of 20-30g/m2Naturally drying to obtain finished paper;
(4) manufacturing a paper bag: taking the surface of the finished paper coated with the medicament as the inner surface of the bag to prepare a fruit bag;
(5) bagging: the prepared fruit bagging is adopted to bag the fruits.
The immersion liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3kg of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1kg of sodium alginate, 0.5kg of tea saponin, 0.2kg of wood vinegar, 0.8kg of allicin, 0.8kg of capsaicin and 0.5kg of menthol.
The preparation method of the immersion liquid comprises the following steps: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding water 30 times of the mixture, gradually stirring, heating to 80-90 deg.C, standing for 15min to obtain mixed emulsion; filtering to remove particulate matter, cooling the filtrate to 40-50 deg.C, adding allicin, capsaicin and Mentholum, stirring to dissolve completely, and making into steep.
The sustained-release medicament is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4kg of chitosan, 3kg of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.4kg of diatomite, 0.8kg of polyoxin, 0.8kg of eucalyptol, 0.5kg of calcium hydroxide and 0.8kg of quartz sand (80 meshes).
The preparation method of the sustained-release medicament comprises the following steps: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomite, dissolving in water 20 times of the weight of the mixture, stirring uniformly, heating to 60-70 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, adding calcium hydroxide and quartz sand, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; cooling the mixture to 30-35 deg.C, maintaining the temperature at 30-35 deg.C for 30min, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the base paper was not treated with a dip, i.e. step (2) was not present.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the intermediate paper was not treated with the sustained-release agent, i.e., step (3) was not performed.
Comparative example 3
The bagging process was performed according to the example in patent publication CN 105851027A: diluting 3% polyoxin by 30 times, uniformly coating the medicinal liquid on the inner wall of the inner bag of the finished fruit bag, wherein the coating amount is 1-1.2 ml/bag, and drying in the shade.
Experimental example 1 detection of bagging Performance index
Taking conventional fruit cultivating bag paper, carrying out the method according to the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3 on the fruit cultivating bag paper, taking untreated fruit cultivating bag paper as a blank control, and detecting the quality standard of the bag paper according to GB/T19341-2015. The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table, the method provided by the invention can effectively improve the strength of the bagging paper and improve the waterproof performance of the paper, and has little influence on the air permeability of the bagging paper.
Experimental example 2 detection of Effect of controlling diseases and pests
1. Selecting a kiwi fruit (red-yang kiwi fruit) tree in a fruit setting period for experiment, bagging apples by adopting the bagging of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3, and counting the diseased fruit condition after bagging treatment by taking untreated bagging as a blank control; the statistical results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Fruit/fruit bag | Rate of disease fruit/%) | Sunscald/percent | Percentage of good fruit/%) | |
| Blank control | 300 | 14.00 | 6.66 | 50.66 |
| Example 1 | 300 | 5.33 | 1.00 | 80.00 |
| Example 2 | 300 | 4.66 | 0.60 | 81.66 |
| Example 3 | 300 | 5.33 | 1.33 | 81.00 |
| Example 4 | 300 | 5.66 | 1.00 | 80.33 |
| Comparative example 1 | 300 | 9.00 | 1.66 | 77.33 |
| Comparative example 2 | 300 | 9.66 | 2.00 | 75.33 |
| Comparative example 3 | 300 | 8.66 | 2.33 | 76.66 |
2. Selecting a kiwi fruit (noble and long kiwi fruit) tree in a fruit setting period for experiment, bagging the kiwi fruit by adopting the bagging of the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3, taking the untreated bagging as a blank control, and counting the diseased fruit condition after bagging treatment; the statistical results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Fruit/fruit bag | Rate of disease fruit/%) | Sunscald /) | Percentage of good fruit/%) | |
| Blank control | 300 | 12.66 | 6.33 | 54.66 |
| Example 1 | 300 | 2.33 | 0.66 | 90.33 |
| Example 2 | 300 | 3.00 | 0.66 | 88.00 |
| Example 3 | 300 | 3.33 | 1.00 | 88.66 |
| Example 4 | 300 | 3.33 | 1.00 | 89.33 |
| Comparative example 1 | 300 | 6.33 | 4.33 | 80.33 |
| Comparative example 2 | 300 | 8.66 | 5.00 | 77.33 |
| Comparative example 3 | 300 | 7.00 | 4.33 | 82.00 |
3. Selecting peach (red peach) trees in the fruit setting period for experiment, bagging mangoes by adopting the bagging of the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3, taking untreated bagging as a blank control, and counting the fruit disease condition after bagging treatment; the statistical results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
| Fruit/fruit bag | Rate of disease fruit/%) | Sunscald /) | Percentage of good fruit/%) | |
| Blank control | 300 | 20.66 | 11.33 | 47.66 |
| Example 1 | 300 | 6.00 | 2.66 | 80.33 |
| Example 2 | 300 | 5.33 | 2.00 | 81.00 |
| Example 3 | 300 | 7.00 | 3.00 | 79.33 |
| Example 4 | 300 | 6.33 | 2.33 | 80.66 |
| Comparative example 1 | 300 | 10.33 | 4.66 | 75.33 |
| Comparative example 2 | 300 | 13.33 | 5.66 | 73.66 |
| Comparative example 3 | 300 | 11.33 | 6.33 | 72.33 |
4. Selecting apples (red Fuji) trees in the fruit setting period for experiment, bagging the apples by adopting the bagging of the examples 1-4 and the comparative examples 1-3, taking the untreated bags as blank control, and counting the diseased fruit condition after bagging treatment; the statistical results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
| Fruit/fruit bag | Rate of disease fruit/%) | Sunscald /) | Percentage of good fruit/%) | |
| Blank control | 300 | 13.66 | 7.66 | 60.33 |
| Example 1 | 300 | 3.66 | 1.66 | 86.00 |
| Example 2 | 300 | 3.00 | 0.67 | 87.00 |
| Example 3 | 300 | 2.33 | 1.00 | 86.66 |
| Example 4 | 300 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 86.00 |
| Comparative example 1 | 300 | 5.33 | 2.66 | 80.33 |
| Comparative example 2 | 300 | 8.33 | 3.00 | 77.33 |
| Comparative example 3 | 300 | 7.66 | 4.33 | 75.33 |
It should be noted that the above examples and test examples are only for further illustration and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not to be construed as further limitations of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the invention which does not highlight essential features and significant advances made by those skilled in the art still belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) paper selection: selecting base paper with good quality and good air permeability as a raw material to prepare a paper bag;
(2) infiltrating: soaking the base paper in the immersion liquid for 4-5min, taking out, and drying to obtain semi-finished paper;
the immersion liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.8-1 part of sodium alginate, 0.3-0.5 part of tea saponin, 0.1-0.2 part of wood vinegar, 0.6-0.88 part of allicin, 0.6-0.8 part of capsaicin and 0.3-0.5 part of menthol;
(3) coating: taking semi-finished paper, coating a slow release agent on one surface of the paper, and naturally airing to obtain finished paper;
the sustained-release medicament is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of chitosan, 2-3 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.2-0.4 part of diatomite, 0.6-0.8 part of polyoxin, 0.6-0.8 part of eucalyptol, 0.3-0.5 part of calcium hydroxide and 0.6-0.8 part of quartz sand;
(4) manufacturing a paper bag: taking the surface of the finished paper coated with the medicament as the inner surface of the bag to prepare a fruit bag;
(5) bagging: the prepared fruit bagging is adopted to bag the fruits.
2. The bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the immersion liquid comprises the following steps: mixing carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and tea saponin, adding 30 times of water, stirring gradually, heating to 80-90 deg.C, standing for 10-15min to obtain mixed emulsion; filtering to remove particulate matter, cooling to 40-50 deg.C, adding allicin, capsaicin and Mentholum, stirring to dissolve completely, and making into steep.
3. The bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃.
4. A bagging technique for controlling fruit pests according to claim 1 wherein the quartz sand has a particle size of 80 to 100 mesh.
5. The bagging technology for preventing and treating fruit diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the slow-release medicament comprises the following steps: mixing chitosan, microcrystalline cellulose and diatomite, dissolving in water 20 times of the weight of the mixture, stirring uniformly, heating to 60-70 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-20min, adding calcium hydroxide and quartz sand, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture; cooling the mixture to 30-35 deg.C, maintaining the temperature at 30-35 deg.C for 20-30min, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
6. The bagging technique for controlling fruit pests according to claim 1, wherein the coating amount of the slow-release agent is 20-30g/m2。
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