CN111487391A - Experimental device for soil nitrogen colloid goes into lake under simulation seasonal variation - Google Patents

Experimental device for soil nitrogen colloid goes into lake under simulation seasonal variation Download PDF

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CN111487391A
CN111487391A CN202010289557.7A CN202010289557A CN111487391A CN 111487391 A CN111487391 A CN 111487391A CN 202010289557 A CN202010289557 A CN 202010289557A CN 111487391 A CN111487391 A CN 111487391A
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container
lake
soil
layer
colloid
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茅昌平
栗天宁
杨张阳
饶文波
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

The invention provides an experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid to enter a lake under seasonal change. The precipitation system comprises a porous precipitation pipe and a flow control device, and the porous precipitation pipe is positioned above the soil container; the right side wall of the soil container is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer for sample discharge; the lake container is positioned on the right side of the soil container and is lower than the soil container; the upper layer of sample liquid of the soil container flows into the lake container from the upper part of the water surface of the lake container, the middle layer of sample liquid flows into the upper layer of lake water of the lake container, and the lower layer of sample liquid flows into the lower layer of lake water of the lake container; the right side wall of the soil container is provided with three sampling ports, the bottom wall is also provided with a sampling port, and the left side wall of the lake container is provided with a sampling port; the temperature and humidity sensor is used for measuring the temperature and humidity of three sample outlet layers of the soil container. The method has the advantages of simple and convenient experimental process, high safety and low investment.

Description

Experimental device for soil nitrogen colloid goes into lake under simulation seasonal variation
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device, in particular to an experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid to flow into a lake under seasonal change.
Background
Nitrogen (Nitrogen) is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and limits the land ecosystem productivity of many cultivated land and grassy soils, the soils around lakes are rich in Nitrogen, and the soils are subject to rain wash and the Nitrogen in the soils is injected into lakes after migration, which results in eutrophication of water, and in general, the migration of Nitrogen mainly occurs in a liquid phase with fluidity, i.e., true soluble Nitrogen, but colloids play an important role in the process of transporting Nitrogen in soils due to their unique adsorption and mobility, because they have unique biogeochemical circulation mechanisms and strong water carrying capacity, and the migration efficiency is higher than that of soluble Nitrogen. After the soil around the lake is influenced by rainfall, colloidal nitrogen can be lost into the lake, the lake water can be disturbed by the environment, and under multiple actions, although the colloidal nitrogen is input into the lake by the soil around the lake, the colloid has high specific gravity and strong adsorption capacity, can adsorb the nitrogen in the lake water and sink, so the content of the colloidal nitrogen in the turbid liquid of the lake water is not continuously increased. When the soil near the lake is washed by rainwater, when the rainfall is small, the rainwater is absorbed by the shallow soil, the influence on the deep area is small, and the deep area gradually starts to absorb the upper water and generate runoff along with the increase of the rainfall. At present, the research on nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is abundant at home and abroad, the research on colloid nitrogen is less, the experiment for the colloid nitrogen to enter the lake is also insufficient, the existing device is too simple and convenient, the effect of the transportation efficiency of the colloid nitrogen under different gradients is not considered, or the seasonal change of the transportation of the colloid nitrogen in the soil is not considered, some experimental steps are complicated, the device is too large, the experiment is inconvenient, and the investment is too high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid to flow into a lake under seasonal change, so as to solve the technical problem that the seasonal change of the migration of colloid nitrogen in soil is not considered in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid to flow into a lake under seasonal change, which comprises a precipitation system, a soil container, a lake container and a temperature and humidity sensor,
the precipitation system comprises a porous precipitation pipe and a flow control device for controlling the precipitation intensity of the precipitation pipe, wherein the porous precipitation pipe is positioned above the soil container;
the soil container is internally divided into two parts, the lower part is a concrete layer, the upper part is used for containing soil with the same soil quality, and the right side wall of the soil container is provided with three sample outlets from top to bottom so that a soil scouring solution is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer for sample outlet; the lake container is positioned on the right side of the soil container and is lower than the soil container, and the lake container is used for containing lake water containing silt; the upper layer of sample liquid of the soil container flows into the lake container from the upper part of the water surface of the lake container, the middle layer of sample liquid of the soil container flows into the upper layer of lake water of the lake container, and the lower layer of sample liquid of the soil container flows into the lower layer of lake water of the lake container; the right side wall of the soil container is also provided with three sampling ports from top to bottom, the three sampling ports respectively correspond to the upper sample outlet layer, the middle sample outlet layer and the lower sample outlet layer, and the bottom wall of the soil container is provided with the sampling ports; the left side wall of the lake container is provided with a sampling port corresponding to the lower lake water;
the temperature and humidity sensors are provided with three probes which are respectively inserted into the upper, middle and lower sample outlet layers of the soil container.
Furthermore, the experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid to flow into lake under seasonal change further comprises a hydraulic rod, and the hydraulic rod is arranged on the left lower side of the soil container and used for adjusting the inclination angle of the soil container.
Furthermore, the experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid to flow into the lake under seasonal changes further comprises a disturbance system, the disturbance system comprises a piston and a driving device for driving the piston to move, and the piston is placed in the lake water.
Further, flow control device includes flowmeter, governing valve and controller, and governing valve and flowmeter setting are on the downcomer, and the governing valve is located the downcomer and intakes the side, and the flowmeter setting is in the low reaches of governing valve, and flowmeter and governing valve all are connected with the controller electricity.
Furthermore, two sample inlets are formed in the left side wall of the lake container, the two sample inlets correspond to upper lake water and lower lake water respectively, a middle sample outlet of the soil container is communicated with an upper sample inlet of the lake container through a water conduit, a lower sample outlet of the soil container is communicated with a lower sample inlet of the lake container through a water conduit, and an upper sample outlet of the soil container is led to the upper part of the water surface of the lake container through a water conduit.
Furthermore, three jacks are formed in the left side wall of the soil container from top to bottom and respectively correspond to the upper sample outlet layer, the middle sample outlet layer and the lower sample outlet layer, and probes of the three temperature and humidity sensors are respectively inserted into the three jacks.
Furthermore, each sampling port on the right side wall of the soil container and the sampling port of the lake container are respectively connected with a filter pipe, and each filter pipe is provided with a valve.
Furthermore, the joint of the sampling port on the right side wall of the soil container and the filter pipe, the joint of the sampling port on the lake container and the filter pipe, the joint of the sampling port on the right side wall of the soil container and the water conduit and the joint of the sampling port on the lake container and the water conduit are all sealed by natural rubber.
Furthermore, a sampling port on the bottom wall of the soil container is connected with an acrylic glass funnel, the lower part of the funnel is connected with a filter tube, and a valve is arranged on the filter tube.
Furthermore, the connection position of the funnel and the sampling port on the bottom wall of the soil container is sealed by epoxy resin.
Furthermore, the filter tube and the water conduit are made of borosilicate materials.
Compared with the prior art, the device is safe and environment-friendly, can be used for carrying out simulation experiments in different seasons, can be used for extracting leaching solutions at different depths, is convenient and quick in experimental process, simple in experimental device and low in experimental cost, experimental pipelines are not influenced, and the experimental efficiency is improved; in addition, the device can adjust the gradient, is convenient to compare the output quantity of the colloid nitrogen under the conditions of different gradients, and can explore the content change of the colloid nitrogen when the lake water is disturbed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental setup for simulating soil nitrogen colloid influx into a lake under seasonal variation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of a soil receptacle of an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a controller; 2, a piston; 3, a temperature and humidity sensor; 4, a water reducing pipe; 5, a hydraulic rod; 6 a soil container; 8, a funnel; 9 a concrete layer; 11, silt; 12, a lake container; 13 a drive device; 7. 10, 20-22 filter tube openings; 14-19 valves.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The method simulates the colloidal nitrogen loss of the lake surrounding soil environment in the nature under the rainfall erosion by establishing a simulation environment, sets a certain gradient for the soil container, utilizes gravity to enable the solution filled with the colloidal nitrogen to finally flow out through the surface layer and the deep layer of the soil, analyzes the colloidal nitrogen content of the flowing-out solution, and analyzes the nitrogen colloid change condition of the lake water under the disturbance condition of external factors.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, an experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid entering a lake under seasonal changes comprises a precipitation system, a soil container 6, a lake container 12, a hydraulic rod 5 and a disturbance system.
The precipitation system comprises a precipitation pipe 4 and a flow control device for controlling the precipitation intensity of the precipitation pipe 4, wherein the precipitation pipe 4 is a porous precipitation pipe and is positioned above the soil container 6, and the rainwater flows down after passing through the porous area to form rainfall. Flow control device includes the flowmeter, governing valve and controller 1, flowmeter and governing valve setting are on downcomer 4, the governing valve is located downcomer 4 and intakes the side, the flowmeter sets up the low reaches at the governing valve, the flowmeter is used for monitoring the flow size of the water of downcomer 4 of flowing through, the governing valve is used for adjusting the discharge size of downcomer 4, flowmeter and governing valve all are connected with 1 electricity of controller, the controller is according to the rainfall requirement in different seasons, drive governing valve action comes control water flow, thereby control the strength of rainfall.
The soil container 6 is divided into two parts, the lower part is a concrete layer 9 for simulating a waterproof layer, the upper part is soil with the same soil texture, the height of the wall of the upper part is 120cm, the length is 200cm, and the width is 30 cm.
A sampling opening is formed in the bottom wall of the soil container 6, the lower portion of the sampling opening is connected with an acrylic glass funnel 8, and the joint of the funnel 8 and the sampling opening is sealed by epoxy resin. The lower part of the funnel 8 is connected with a filter tube for collecting percolate, and a valve is additionally arranged on the filter tube.
The left side wall of the soil container 6 is provided with three jacks from top to bottom, and the three jacks respectively correspond to the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the soil. The probes of the temperature and humidity sensors 3 are respectively inserted into the three insertion holes to monitor the temperature and the humidity of the soil at different depths. Wherein, the temperature and humidity sensor 3 adopts a BR-TWS21 sensor.
The right side wall of the soil container 6 is provided with three layers of outlets from top to bottom, and the three layers of outlets respectively correspond to the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the soil, so that the soil scouring solution can be divided into three layers for sampling. Wherein the number of each layer of outlet is 2, one is the sample connection, and another is the appearance mouth. The three sampling ports are respectively connected with a filter tube, the filter diameter of the filter tube is 2 mu m, the three sampling ports are used for collecting the nitrogen colloidal solution, valves 14, 15 and 16 are respectively arranged above the three sampling ports to control water flow, and the joints of the sampling ports and the filter tube are all sealed by natural rubber. The right side wall of the soil container 6 is divided into three layers of sampling ports, and the outflow concentration of colloid nitrogen at different depths can be measured.
The lake container 12 is located the soil and holds the ware 6 right side and the position is less than the soil and holds the ware 6, and the lake container 12 is used for holding the lake water that contains silt, and two introduction ports and a sample connection have been seted up to the lake container 12 left side wall, and the position of two introduction ports corresponds the upper strata and the lower floor of lake water respectively, and the sample connection corresponds the lower floor of lake water.
Wherein, the sample outlet of the middle layer of the soil container 6 is communicated with the sample inlet of the upper layer of the lake container 12 through a water conduit, the sample outlet of the lower layer of the soil container 6 is communicated with the sample inlet of the lower layer of the lake container 12 through a water conduit, and the sample outlet of the upper layer of the soil container 6 is led to the upper part of the water surface of the lake container 12 through a water conduit. The water conduit is used for guiding the soil scouring solution into the lake container 12 and simulating the penetration of the surrounding soil into the lake through surface runoff and deep runoff. Valves 17, 18 and 19 are respectively arranged on the three water guide pipes.
Wherein, the joints of the sample outlets of the layers of the soil container 6 and the water conduit and the joints of the sample inlets of the layers of the lake container 12 and the water conduit are all sealed by natural rubber.
Wherein, the sampling port of the lake container 12 is connected with a filter tube for collecting the colloidal nitrogen solution, the filter tube is additionally provided with a valve for controlling water flow, and the joint of the sampling port and the filter tube is also sealed by natural rubber.
The hydraulic rod 5 is arranged at the left lower part of the soil container 6 and used for adjusting the gradient of the soil container 6.
The disturbance system comprises a piston 2 and a driving device 13 for driving the piston 2 to move, wherein the piston 2 is placed in the lake water and is used for simulating the disturbance of the external condition change to the lake water.
In a preferred embodiment, the filter pipe and the water conduit are made of borosilicate materials, so that nitrate ions cannot be absorbed, organic matters cannot be released like plastics, and therefore the influence on experimental measurement is avoided.
The device of the invention was used to perform an experiment simulating soil nitrogen colloid going into lake under seasonal changes.
1. Experiment preparation work:
the experiment is carried out outdoors, the device is placed under a light-transmitting polyethylene plastic shed, the soil collected around the lake is finely ground and then is uniformly poured into the soil container 6, the total mass of the soil is 120kg, the calculated soil depth is 110cm, the experiment is carried out for simulating four-season environment, the experiment time is one year, and the experiment is carried out in the middle of each season.
2. The test was carried out:
adjusting the inclination angle of the hydraulic rod 5 to 10 degrees, allowing the device to stand outdoors for one week to adapt to the external environment, opening the controller 1, adjusting the controller 1 to enable the flowmeter to read the soil temperature to 0.5L/min, opening the valves 14, 15, 16 on the filter pipes and the water conduit valves 17, 18, 19, starting timing when water flows out of the filter pipe port 20 where the valve 14 is located, opening the temperature and humidity sensor 3, simultaneously opening the driving device 13 to enable the piston 2 in the lake container 12 to be disturbed, monitoring and recording the humidity and the temperature of the soil every 12h, taking 50ml of sample solution from the filter pipe ports 7, 10, 20-22 of the soil container 6 and the lake container 12 every 6h, and performing analysis and detection (considering that the rainfall is small, the soil adsorption capacity is higher than the penetration capacity, the soil in the middle layer is more in the pipeline where the uppermost valves 14, 17), performing the experiment and the experiment, taking the test on the day, closing the driving device 13 after the day, enabling the precipitation of the soil and colloid (subsequent experiment), adjusting the soil temperature and colloid) to be performed at the same stage, adjusting the soil temperature and the soil temperature of the lower layer, adjusting the lower layer 6, and the lake container 6, and the experimental stage of the lake container 6, and the lake container 5 are performed the experimental stage, the experimental stage 5, the soil temperature of the soil temperature measuring stage of the lake container 6, the soil temperature measuring stage of the lake container 10, the lake container 6, the soil temperature measuring stage of the lake container 6, the experimental stage of the lake container 6, the experimental stage of the soil temperature measuring stage of the lake container 5, the soil temperature measuring stage of the experimental stage of the lake container 10, the soil 5, the lake container 6, the soil temperature measuring the lake container 10, the soil is performed the experimental stage of the lake container 10, the experimental stage of the lake container 6, the experimental stage of the lake container 10, the lake container 6, the experimental stage of the lake container 10, the experimental stage of the lake container 10, the experimental stage of the lake container 10, the experimental stage of the lake container 6, the experimental stage of the lake container 6, the lake container 10, the experimental stage of the experimental.
After the experiment in each season is completed, the soil in the soil container 6 is removed, the container and the pipeline are cleaned, and after the device is installed again, new soil is filled into the soil container 6 to wait for the experiment to be repeated in the next season.
After the data are all measured, the colloid nitrogen concentration values under the conditions of different gradients, different depths, different seasons and different rainfall are compared, and the influence of the change of different factors on the runoff colloid nitrogen and the colloid nitrogen concentration in the lake under the condition of lake water disturbance is analyzed. When the rainfall is small, the soil water-absorbing capacity is large, the infiltration is small, after the rainfall is continuously increased, the water can be transported in the modes of surface runoff, deep runoff, infiltration and the like, the movement of colloidal nitrogen is driven, and the influence proportion of the rainfall on the colloidal nitrogen runoff and the infiltration is analyzed by exploring the change of the concentration of the colloidal nitrogen collected in the filter pipe opening 7 along with the rainfall.
The experiment analyzes the retardation coefficient of the soil to the colloid nitrogen through the simulation of the natural environment, and has the following characteristics: firstly, a simulated rainfall device is added in the experiment, the intensity of rainwater is adjusted through a flow control device so as to change the size of the scouring amount and the infiltration amount, and the size of the rainfall amount and the output amount of colloid nitrogen are explored; secondly, adding a piston in the lake water environment to simulate the disturbance of the external condition change on the lake water; thirdly, adjusting the gradient through a hydraulic rod, and exploring the migration condition of the colloid nitrogen under different gradients; fourthly, the right port of the soil container is divided into three layers to discharge samples, the outflow concentration of colloidal nitrogen at different depths can be measured, each layer is provided with two outlets, one outlet is a sample outlet used for guiding runoff into a lake, and the other outlet is a sampling port and is provided with a filter pipe used for receiving the colloidal nitrogen solution, so that a certain amount of leaching solution can be received from the soil container at regular time, and the experimental process is continuous; and sixthly, simulating various environments by using the same device, and performing comparative analysis by considering a plurality of factors such as seasons, gradients and precipitation.
3. Extensions to the device
According to the needs of researchers, baffles can be added in the soil container 6 to divide the soil container into a plurality of parts, different vegetations or crops are planted respectively, the influence of the vegetations on the colloidal nitrogen entering the lake is discussed, soil conditioner can be added to explore the interception of the colloidal nitrogen by the soil, and therefore the experimental efficiency is improved.
The present invention has been disclosed in terms of the preferred embodiment, but is not intended to be limited to the embodiment, and all technical solutions obtained by substituting or converting equivalents thereof fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid entering a lake under seasonal change is characterized by comprising a precipitation system, a soil container, a lake container and a temperature and humidity sensor,
the precipitation system comprises a porous precipitation pipe and a flow control device for controlling the precipitation intensity of the precipitation pipe, wherein the porous precipitation pipe is positioned above the soil container;
the soil container is internally divided into two parts, the lower part is a concrete layer, the upper part is used for containing soil with the same soil quality, and the right side wall of the soil container is provided with three sample outlets from top to bottom so that a soil scouring solution is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer for sample outlet; the lake container is positioned on the right side of the soil container and is lower than the soil container, and the lake container is used for containing lake water containing silt; the upper layer of sample liquid of the soil container flows into the lake container from the upper part of the water surface of the lake container, the middle layer of sample liquid of the soil container flows into the upper layer of lake water of the lake container, and the lower layer of sample liquid of the soil container flows into the lower layer of lake water of the lake container; the right side wall of the soil container is also provided with three sampling ports from top to bottom, the three sampling ports respectively correspond to the upper sample outlet layer, the middle sample outlet layer and the lower sample outlet layer, and the bottom wall of the soil container is provided with the sampling ports; the left side wall of the lake container is provided with a sampling port corresponding to the lower lake water;
the temperature and humidity sensors are provided with three probes which are respectively inserted into the upper, middle and lower sample outlet layers of the soil container.
2. The experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid lake-entering under seasonal changes according to claim 1, further comprising a hydraulic rod, wherein the hydraulic rod is arranged at the lower left of the soil container and used for adjusting the inclination angle of the soil container.
3. The experimental facility for simulating soil nitrogen colloid influx into lake under seasonal variation according to claim 1, further comprising a disturbance system, wherein the disturbance system comprises a piston and a driving device for driving the piston to move, and the piston is placed in lake water.
4. The apparatus for simulating soil nitrogen colloid lake influx under seasonal variation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow control device comprises a flow meter, a regulating valve and a controller, the regulating valve and the flow meter are arranged on the downcomer, the regulating valve is positioned on the water inlet side of the downcomer, the flow meter is arranged at the downstream of the regulating valve, and the flow meter and the regulating valve are electrically connected with the controller.
5. The experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid to enter lake under seasonal change according to claim 1, wherein two sample inlets are formed on the left side wall of the lake container, the two sample inlets correspond to upper lake water and lower lake water respectively, a sample outlet on the middle layer of the soil container is communicated with a sample inlet on the upper layer of the lake container through a water conduit, a sample outlet on the lower layer of the soil container is communicated with a sample inlet on the lower layer of the lake container through a water conduit, and a sample outlet on the upper layer of the soil container is guided to the position above the water surface of the lake container through a water conduit.
6. The experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid entering a lake under seasonal change according to claim 1, wherein three insertion holes are formed in the left side wall of the soil container from top to bottom and respectively correspond to the upper, middle and lower sample outlet layers, and probes of three temperature and humidity sensors are respectively inserted into the three insertion holes.
7. The experimental facility for simulating soil nitrogen colloid entering lake under seasonal change according to claim 5, wherein each sampling port on the right side wall of the soil container and the sampling port on the lake container are respectively connected with a filter pipe, and each filter pipe is provided with a valve.
8. The experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid to enter a lake under seasonal change according to claim 7, wherein a joint of a sampling port of a right side wall of the soil container and the filter pipe, a joint of a sampling port of the lake container and the filter pipe, a joint of a sampling port of the right side wall of the soil container and the water conduit, and a joint of the sampling port of the lake container and the water conduit are sealed by natural rubber.
9. The experimental device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid lake inflow under seasonal change according to claim 1, wherein a sampling port on the bottom wall of the soil container is connected with an acrylic glass funnel, a filter tube is connected to the lower part of the funnel, and a valve is arranged on the filter tube.
10. The device for simulating soil nitrogen colloid lake inflow under seasonal changes according to claim 9, wherein the joint of the funnel and the sampling port on the bottom wall of the soil container is sealed by epoxy resin.
CN202010289557.7A 2020-04-14 2020-04-14 Experimental device for soil nitrogen colloid goes into lake under simulation seasonal variation Pending CN111487391A (en)

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