Pneumatic automatic propelling device for lathe machining
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a pneumatic automatic propelling device for lathe machining.
Background
Turning is a common processing method in machining, the processing of shaft excircle is the most common processing mode in turning, when large shafts are processed on a lathe, the shaft needs to be lifted firstly, then the shaft is aligned at the head and tail of the lathe left and right, and the large shafts are processed after being jacked by a tip cone, the processing method is simple, but the processing method has the following defects in the actual use process:
1. when a plurality of large shafts are processed, the shafts to be processed need to be hoisted and positioned one by one, the time required by the whole operation process is long, and the working time cost is increased;
2. when hoisting and positioning are adopted, two ends of a shaft need to be respectively aligned with tip cones at the head and tail positions of a lathe, certain technical requirements are required in the operation process, the requirement on the operation technical level of an operator is high, and therefore the operator has great restriction;
3. in the processes of positioning the shaft before machining and machining the backward part, most of the operation is carried out at the machining position, so that the machining position cannot be machined during the period, and certain resource waste is generated.
Therefore, a pneumatic automatic propelling device for lathe machining is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pneumatic automatic propelling device for lathe machining, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a pneumatic automatic propelling device for lathe machining comprises a base, a middle positioning mechanism arranged in the middle of the upper end of the base, a driving guide mechanism arranged on the left side of the upper end of the base and a driven guide mechanism arranged on the right side of the upper end of the base, wherein a middle driving groove is formed in the middle of the base, radial sliding grooves are symmetrically formed in the left side and the right side of the middle driving groove, and axial sliding grooves are symmetrically formed in the side surfaces of the radial sliding grooves and the upper end surface of the base;
the middle positioning mechanism consists of a middle sliding seat, a sliding component arranged at the lower end of the middle sliding seat, lifting cylinders arranged at the upper end of the middle sliding seat in bilateral symmetry and a positioning plate fixedly connected with the upper end of the lifting cylinder;
the driving guide mechanism consists of an ear seat arranged on the left side of the middle sliding seat, a propelling component arranged on the left side of the ear seat and a driving component arranged at the upper end of the ear seat;
the driven guide mechanism is composed of an ear seat arranged on the right side of the middle sliding seat, a propelling component arranged on the right side of the ear seat and a driven component arranged at the upper end of the ear seat.
Preferably, the lower end of the middle sliding seat is provided with a seat plate, and the left side and the right side of the bottom of the seat plate are symmetrically provided with sliding blocks I which are matched with the radial sliding grooves in a sliding manner.
Preferably, the subassembly that slides comprises the pneumatic lapping plate that the drive actuating cylinder of fixed mounting in the middle of the middle drive groove set up with drive actuating cylinder left and right sides symmetry, pneumatic lapping plate links to each other with the piston rod end fixing that drives actuating cylinder both ends, the fixed magnetic attraction lapping plate that is equipped with in the position department of the relative pneumatic lapping plate in both ends around the bedplate, and at the magnetic attraction lapping plate internal fixation be inlayed and be furnished with the electromagnetic attraction piece.
Preferably, the lower end of the lifting cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the seat plate through a bolt, and the upper end of the lifting cylinder is fixedly connected with the lower end of the positioning plate through a bolt.
Preferably, the upper end face of the positioning plate is uniformly provided with positioning guide grooves, and the guiding directions of the positioning guide grooves correspond to the guiding directions of the axial sliding grooves in the same way.
Preferably, the propelling assembly is composed of a fixed seat and a propelling cylinder fixedly mounted on the side face of the fixed seat, and the end part of a piston rod of the propelling cylinder is fixedly connected with the outer side face of the lug seat through a bolt.
Preferably, the upper end of the lug seat is provided with a bearing hole, and the lower end of the lug seat is bilaterally symmetrically provided with two sliding blocks II which are matched with the axial sliding groove in a sliding manner.
Preferably, the centre of drive assembly is equipped with the drive pivot of mating mutually through the bearing with the dead eye, and at the medial surface department fixedly connected with drive carousel of drive pivot, the location spread groove I of conical surface structure is seted up to the front end of drive carousel, and has connect the drive apex cone in location spread groove I, the bolt looks fixed connection is passed through with the tank bottom of location spread groove I to the drive apex cone.
Preferably, a motor mounting seat is fixedly mounted at the outer side surface of the driving rotating shaft and at the outer opening of the bearing hole, a driving motor is fixedly mounted on the end surface of the motor mounting seat, and a main shaft of the driving motor is fixedly connected with the outer end of the driving rotating shaft through a coupling.
Preferably, the centre of driven subassembly is equipped with the driven spindle who matches through bearing looks cover with the dead eye, and at the medial surface department fixedly connected with driven turntable of driven spindle, driven turntable's front end sets up the location spread groove II of conical surface structure, and has connect driven apex cone in location spread groove II, bolt looks fixed connection is passed through with location spread groove II's tank bottom to driven apex cone.
Preferably, the bearing holes at the upper ends of the lug seats on the two sides of the middle sliding seat are kept coaxial, and the driven tip cone and the driving tip cone are respectively kept coaxial with the bearing holes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. when the device is used for turning a plurality of large-scale shaft workpieces, the workpieces can be placed in the positioning guide grooves at the upper ends of the positioning plates at one time, and then the two ends of the workpieces are positioned and fixed by controlling the sliding assembly, the lifting cylinder and the pushing assembly, so that the whole operation process is time-saving and labor-saving, and the processing efficiency is improved;
2. when two ends of a large-scale shaft workpiece are positioned on the device, the sliding assembly can be controlled to be linked with the middle sliding seat to enable the workpiece at the upper end of the positioning plate to move to the middle position, then the center of the workpiece is lifted to the height coaxial with the bearing hole by controlling the lifting cylinder, the whole operation is realized through mechanical action, the time consumption of the positioning process is less, and the accuracy is high;
3. when the shaft retreats during machining or machining, the lifting cylinder is controlled to reset and ascend, a workpiece is attached to a groove body of the positioning guide groove, then the pushing assembly is controlled to retreat, the workpiece falls onto the positioning guide groove, then the sliding assembly is controlled to be linked with the middle sliding seat to move a workpiece to be machined in the positioning guide groove to the middle, the pushing assembly is controlled to enable the driving tip cone and the driven tip cone to tightly push the workpiece to be machined, then the positioning of the workpiece to be machined is completed, then the lifting cylinder is controlled to descend, and then the sliding assembly is controlled to move the machined workpiece to a non-machining station for treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of the overall construction of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 4.
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. a middle sliding seat; 3. a slipping component; 4. a lifting cylinder; 5. positioning a plate; 6. an ear mount; 7. a propulsion assembly; 8. a drive assembly; 9. a driven assembly; 101. a middle driving groove; 102. a radial chute; 103. an axial chute; 201. a seat plate; 202. magnetically attracting the lapping plate; 203. an electromagnetic attraction block; 204. a slide block I; 301. a driving cylinder; 302. a pneumatic lap plate; 501. positioning the guide groove; 601. a bearing bore; 701. a fixed seat; 702. propelling the cylinder; 801. driving the rotating shaft; 802. driving the turntable; 803. driving the tip cone; 804. a motor mounting seat; 805. a drive motor; 901. a driven rotating shaft; 902. a driven turntable; 903. and (4) driven tip cones.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a pneumatic automatic propelling device for lathe machining comprises a base 1, a middle positioning mechanism arranged in the middle of the upper end of the base 1, a driving guide mechanism arranged on the left side of the upper end of the base 1 and a driven guide mechanism arranged on the right side of the upper end of the base 1, a middle driving groove 101 is formed in the middle of the base 1, radial sliding grooves 102 are symmetrically formed in the left side and the right side of the middle driving groove 101, axial sliding grooves 103 are symmetrically formed in the side faces of the radial sliding grooves 102 and the upper end face of the base 1, and the base 1 plays a supporting and guiding role relative to the middle positioning mechanism, the driving guide mechanism and the driven guide mechanism, wherein the radial sliding grooves 102 and the axial sliding grooves 103 can be machined into T-shaped grooves; the middle positioning mechanism is composed of a middle sliding seat 2, a sliding component 3 arranged at the lower end of the middle sliding seat 2, lifting cylinders 4 arranged at the upper ends of the middle sliding seat 2 in a left-right symmetry mode and positioning plates 5 fixedly connected with the upper ends of the lifting cylinders 4, and the middle positioning mechanism mainly has the function of realizing the lifting and the front-back displacement of a workpiece at the middle position of the upper end of the base 1; the driving guide mechanism is composed of an ear seat 6 arranged at the left side of the middle sliding seat 2, a propelling component 7 arranged at the left side of the ear seat 6 and a driving component 8 arranged at the upper end of the ear seat 6, and the driving guide mechanism is mainly used for tightly pushing the right end face of a workpiece and providing rotary power support for the workpiece; the driven guide mechanism is composed of an ear seat 6 arranged on the right side of the middle sliding seat 2, a propelling component 7 arranged on the right side of the ear seat 6 and a driven component 9 arranged at the upper end of the ear seat 6, and the driven guide mechanism is mainly used for tightly pushing the left end face of a workpiece and providing rotary support.
Furthermore, the positioning guide grooves 501 are uniformly distributed on the upper end face of the positioning plate 5, the guide of the positioning guide grooves 501 corresponds to the guide of the axial sliding groove 103 in the same way, the positioning guide grooves 501 can be selected to be V-shaped grooves, an automatic aligning function is realized on shaft workpieces, the number of the positioning guide grooves 501 at the upper end of the positioning plate 5 is set according to actual bearing capacity, and the number of the positioning guide grooves 501 determines the number of the shaft workpieces which can be placed at the same time. The propelling component 7 is composed of a fixed seat 701 and a propelling cylinder 702 fixedly installed on the side face of the fixed seat 701, the end part of a piston rod of the propelling cylinder 702 is fixedly connected with the outer side face of the lug seat 6 through a bolt, the propelling cylinder 702 is started, and the telescopic lug seat 6 of the piston rod of the propelling cylinder 702 is connected with the guiding movement of the lug seat 103 along the axial sliding groove, so that the clamping and the releasing of the workpiece are realized. The upper end of the ear seat 6 is provided with a bearing hole 601, two sliding blocks II which are matched with the axial sliding groove 103 in a sliding manner are symmetrically arranged at the left and right sides of the lower end of the ear seat 6, the bearing hole 601 plays a role of rotary support relative to the driving component 8 and the driven component 9, and the axial sliding groove 103 plays a role of guiding the ear seat 6.
More specifically, the lower end of the middle sliding seat 2 is provided with a seat plate 201, and the left and right sides of the bottom of the seat plate 201 are symmetrically provided with sliding blocks I204 which are matched with the radial sliding grooves 102 in a sliding manner, the seat plate 201 plays a role of supporting the lifting cylinder 4 and the positioning plate 5, and through the sliding match of the radial sliding grooves 102 and the sliding blocks I204, the middle sliding seat 2 can move back and forth on the upper end of the base 1 along the guide of the radial sliding grooves 102, so as to control the back and forth position of a workpiece on the upper end of the positioning plate 5 in the middle. Meanwhile, the sliding component 3 is composed of a driving cylinder 301 fixedly arranged in the middle of the middle driving groove 101 and pneumatic lapping plates 302 symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the driving cylinder 301, the pneumatic lapping plates 302 are fixedly connected with the end parts of piston rods at the two ends of the driving cylinder 301, magnetic attracting lapping plates 202 are fixedly arranged at the positions of the front end and the rear end of the seat plate 201 corresponding to the pneumatic lapping plates 302, electromagnetic attracting blocks 203 are fixedly embedded in the magnetic attracting lapping plates 202, the driving cylinder 301 is a bidirectional double-head cylinder, the electromagnetic attracting blocks 203 can be selected from P-120/120/30 type electromagnets, the electromagnetic attracting blocks 203 at the positions of the magnetic attracting plates 202 at the two sides of the seat plate 201 can be controlled to be switched on and off so as to fix or separate the pneumatic lapping plates 302 and the magnetic attracting plates 202, the driving cylinder 301 is started to simultaneously connect the electromagnetic attracting blocks 203 at one side of the seat plate 201, the electromagnetic attracting blocks 203 at the other side are switched off, and the pneumatic attracting plates 302 at the same side of the driving cylinder 301 are attracted with the electromagnetic attracting blocks 203, the pneumatic lapping plate 302 on the other side is separated from the electromagnetic attraction block 203, and the attracted pneumatic lapping plate 302 and the electromagnetic attraction block 203 are controlled to move, so that the middle sliding seat 2 moves to one side along the direction of the radial sliding groove 102.
Meanwhile, the lower end of the lifting cylinder 4 is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the seat plate 201 through a bolt, the upper end of the lifting cylinder 4 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the positioning plate 5 through a bolt, and the structure is convenient for quick assembly, disassembly and transportation among the middle sliding seat 2, the lifting cylinder 4 and the positioning plate 5.
Further, a driving rotating shaft 801 matched with the bearing hole 601 through a bearing is arranged in the middle of the driving assembly 8, the driving rotating shaft 801 can rotate around the inner wall of the bearing hole 601 through the bearing, a driving rotating disc 802 is fixedly connected to the end face of the inner side of the driving rotating shaft 801, a positioning connecting groove I with a conical surface structure is formed in the front end of the driving rotating disc 802, a driving tip cone 803 is inserted into the positioning connecting groove I, the driving tip cone 803 is fixedly connected with the groove bottom of the positioning connecting groove I through a bolt, and when the abrasion of the cone tip of the driving tip cone 803 is excessive and needs to be replaced, the driving tip cone 803 can be rapidly detached from the front end of the driving rotating disc 802 by loosening the bolt connected with the groove bottom of the positioning connecting groove I. A motor mounting seat 804 is fixedly mounted on the outer side surface of the driving rotating shaft 801 and at the outer opening of the bearing hole 601, a driving motor 805 is fixedly mounted on the end surface of the motor mounting seat 804, a main shaft of the driving motor 805 is fixedly connected with the outer end of the driving rotating shaft 801 through a coupler, the driving motor 805 is started to enable the main shaft of the driving motor 805 to rotate together with the driving rotating shaft 801, the driving turntable 802 and the driving tip cone 803, and a tightly jacked shaft to be machined between the driving tip cone 803 and the driven tip cone 903 can rotate together with the driving tip cone.
In addition, the middle of the driven component 9 is provided with a driven rotating shaft 901 which is matched with the bearing hole 601 through a bearing in a sleeved mode, the inner side end face of the driven rotating shaft 901 is fixedly connected with a driven rotating disc 902, the front end of the driven rotating disc 902 is provided with a positioning connecting groove II with a conical surface structure, a driven tip cone 903 is inserted in the positioning connecting groove II, the driven tip cone 903 and the groove bottom of the positioning connecting groove II are fixedly connected through a bolt, when the tip of the driven tip cone 903 is worn excessively and needs to be replaced, the driven tip cone 903 and the groove bottom of the positioning connecting groove II can be detached from the front end of the driven rotating disc 902 quickly by loosening the bolt connected with the groove bottom of the driven tip cone 903.
Meanwhile, the bearing holes 601 at the upper ends of the lug seats 6 on the two sides of the middle sliding seat 2 are coaxial, the driven tip cone 903 and the driving tip cone 803 are coaxial with the bearing holes 601 respectively, the coaxiality of the bearing holes 601, the driven tip cone 903 and the driving tip cone 803 is guaranteed in the manufacturing process of the whole device, a workpiece can stably rotate between the driving tip cone 803 and the driven tip cone 903, and the turning precision of the excircle of the workpiece is guaranteed.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the machine works, firstly, the propulsion cylinder 702 is started to retract so that the ear seat 6 with the driving component 8 and the driven component 9 are guided to move outwards for a certain distance along the axial sliding groove 103 towards the two sides of the middle sliding seat 2, then the propulsion cylinder 702 is stopped, shaft workpieces to be processed are hoisted into the positioning guide groove 501 at the upper end of the positioning plate 5 one by one, the driving cylinder 301 is started with the electromagnetic attraction block 203 in the magnetic attraction bridging plate 202 at one side of the seat plate 201, meanwhile, the electromagnetic attraction block 203 in the magnetic attraction bridging plate 202 at the other side of the seat plate 201 is kept in a stop state, so that the pneumatic bridging plate 302 at one side of the driving cylinder 301 is attracted with the electromagnetic attraction block 203, when the driving cylinder 301 is controlled to extend to one side, the pneumatic bridging plate 302 with the middle sliding seat 2 is synchronously extended to one side, when a shaft to be processed in the positioning guide groove 501 at the upper end of the positioning plate 5 of the middle sliding seat 2 moves to a middle position to be processed to a middle position and is positioned with the bearing hole 601 and is positioned at the same vertical section, stopping the driving cylinder 301, controlling the extension and retraction of the lifting cylinder 4 to enable the axis of the shaft workpiece at the upper end of the positioning plate 5 to rise to the height position coaxial with the bearing hole 601, suspending the lifting cylinder 4, starting the pushing cylinder 702 to extend forwards to enable the lug seat 6 with the driving component 8 and the driven component 9 to move towards the middle along the direction of the axial sliding chute 103, stopping the pushing cylinder 702 after the driving tip cone 803 and the driven tip cone 903 tightly push the workpiece at the upper end of the positioning plate 5, starting the lifting cylinder 4 to retract, enabling other shaft workpieces to be machined to move downwards to a certain height, enabling the tightly pushed workpieces between the positioning guide groove 501 and the driving component 8 and the driven component 9 to be completely separated, controlling the driving cylinder 301 to drive the middle sliding seat 2 to move the workpiece at the upper end of the positioning plate 5 back and forth, starting a lathe to perform turning action on the workpiece after the workpiece is moved out of the machining position, the driving cylinder 301 and the lifting cylinder 4 are driven to move the positioning plate 5 up to the position of a finished shaft, so that the positioning guide groove 501 is attached to the excircle of the finished workpiece, the propelling cylinder 702 is controlled to retract, the driving tip cone 803 and the driven tip cone 903 are separated from the two ends of the finished workpiece, the driving cylinder 301 is controlled to translate the shaft to be machined at the upper end of the positioning plate 5 to the axis position of the bearing hole 601, the propelling cylinder 702 is started to extend, the driving tip cone 803 and the driven tip cone 903 are enabled to tightly push the two ends of the finished workpiece, so that the installation of the second shaft to be machined and the withdrawal of the first finished shaft are completed, redundant hoisting actions are not needed in the whole machining process from before machining to after machining, the moving, replacing and positioning are completely realized through the device, time and labor are saved, the utilization rate of a lathe is improved, and the positioning and installation efficiency is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.