CN111480749A - Method for producing river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) and application of method - Google Patents
Method for producing river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) and application of method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111480749A CN111480749A CN202010333260.6A CN202010333260A CN111480749A CN 111480749 A CN111480749 A CN 111480749A CN 202010333260 A CN202010333260 A CN 202010333260A CN 111480749 A CN111480749 A CN 111480749A
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product culture, and particularly relates to a method for producing a river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) and application of the river crab compound feed. The invention provides a method for fermenting fresh vinasse by adopting a composite EM (effective microorganisms) stock solution of an origin place on the basis of a principle of digesting the vinasse by rumen microorganisms, and grasping key factors for fermenting the vinasse; adjusting the addition amounts of EM bacteria, vinasse and auxiliary materials to obtain a proper proportion; adjusting factors such as fermentation temperature, water content and time to obtain the optimal fermentation result; the fermented vinasse is used as feed and fertilizer and water products and is fully utilized; the method for forming the reproducible and generalizable EM (effective microorganisms) fermented vinasse in the river crab main producing area as the compound feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product culture, and particularly relates to a method for producing a river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) and application of the river crab compound feed.
Background
The vinasse is a waste product of various grains such as rice, sorghum and the like which are brewed by a brewery. Research finds that waste vinasse using various grains as raw materials contains part of undecomposed grain products, the part of grain products contains about 25% of crude fibrin, and the grain products are good crude protein sources like bean pulp and rapeseed pulp left after oil extraction. Jiangsu is the main producing area of river crabs in China, the breeding area reaches 400 ten thousand mu, the breeding cost is reduced along with the development of the river crab breeding industry, and the diversified development of the compound feed is a necessary trend. The 4 th liquor producing area of Jiangsu province in China has numerous wineries, high yield of waste vinasse and low price. Therefore, the waste wine lees is an economical and practical river crab compound feed source.
Fresh distiller's grains from factory have high content of grain fiber, and mycoprotein, sugar and lipid generated by rumen microbial digestion and decomposition of multi-stomach ruminant such as cattle and sheep are absorbed and utilized by multi-stomach ruminant. However, the river crabs belong to simple-structured monogastric animals which can only directly digest and absorb nutrition, decompose fat, protein, saccharide and other substances, have poor decomposition capability on crude fiber and other substances, and have poor palatability of fresh vinasse and are not easy to absorb by the river crabs. Therefore, in 2019, the research center of freshwater fishery of the Chinese aquatic science research institute, Jiangsu Hengtai environmental protection science and technology development Limited company and the Japanese EM research institution subsidiary company, Jiangsu Yiliang biological science and technology Limited company cooperate, stock EM bacteria of the Japanese EM research institution are introduced to expand and culture to produce a Hengtai product, EM bacteria 'water regulation No. 1' (special for crabs), and the EM bacteria combined by various beneficial microorganisms are utilized to simulate a rumen microorganism system to ferment fresh vinasse, so that the vinasse is fermented into compound feed which is safer and has more easily absorbed nutrient substances.
The EM stock solution contains a plurality of high-efficiency compound culture live bacteria products such as lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and the like, contains a plurality of bioactive substances, can decompose various organic matters in a water body into utilizable nutrient salts, promotes the rapid growth and reproduction of beneficial algae and aquatic weeds, stabilizes and balances the microecology of the water body, and keeps the water body fertile, alive, tender and cool.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing a river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) and application thereof, aiming at solving part of problems in the prior art or at least relieving part of problems in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for fermenting fresh vinasse by adopting EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria 'water regulation No. 1' (special for crabs) produced by Jiangsu Hengtai environmental protection science and technology development Limited company on the basis of the principle of digesting the vinasse by rumen microorganisms, and grasping key factors for fermenting the vinasse; adjusting the addition amounts of EM bacteria, vinasse and auxiliary materials to obtain a proper proportion; adjusting factors such as fermentation temperature, water content and time to obtain the optimal fermentation result; the fermented vinasse is used as feed and fertilizer and water products and is fully utilized; the method for forming the reproducible and generalizable EM (effective microorganisms) fermented vinasse in the river crab main producing area as the compound feed.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for producing the river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) comprises the following steps:
aerating and dechlorinating tap water;
fully dissolving molasses to obtain sugar water, and keeping the temperature below 35 ℃;
inoculating the stock solution of EM bacteria into sugar water, and activating;
mixing the activated EM bacteria into the tap water after dechlorination to form fermentation liquor;
pouring the vinasse into the fermentation liquor for fermentation, stirring irregularly, and fermenting to obtain the compound feed.
Further, the using amount mass ratio of the vinasse, the EM bacteria stock solution, the molasses and the water is 200: 1: 1: 40.
furthermore, in the process of preparing sugar water, molasses is dissolved in three times of boiled water, and after full dissolution, the temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃ for use.
Further, the activation time of the EM bacterial stock solution in the sugar water is 24 h.
Further, the vinasse is added into the fermentation liquor in batches, and the fermentation liquor level is increased by 5 centimeters once, and the stirring is carried out once.
Further, the fermentation time of the vinasse poured into the fermentation liquor is 7 days at normal temperature in summer and 14 days in other seasons.
The method for producing the river crab compound feed by fermenting the vinasse with the EM bacteria is applied to preparing the river crab feed.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
1. the EM bacteria stock solution is composed of a plurality of high-efficiency active bacteria such as lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and the like. The vinasse fermented by the EM bacterial stock solution is rich in various beneficial microorganisms, can assist river crabs to regulate gastrointestinal flora, is discharged into a water body through river crab metabolism, supplements the beneficial microorganism species of the water body, promotes the proliferation of beneficial microorganism populations, inhibits pathogenic bacteria and improves the stress resistance of the river crabs.
2. Fresh vinasse contains about 25 percent of crude fibrin, is easy to deteriorate and grow mould when not being processed, and is unpalatable and unsafe when being directly fed. After the distiller's grains are fermented by the EM bacteria stock solution, substances such as crude fibers and the like in the distiller's grains are decomposed by the EM bacteria and converted into palatable high-quality baits for the river crabs, and the high-quality baits are rich in various easily-absorbable components such as trace elements, saccharides, proteins, fats, vitamins, organic acids and the like required by the growth of the river crabs, so that the indigestion of the river crabs can be prevented, the immune function is improved, and the smooth exuviation and growth of the river crabs are promoted.
3. Feces of vinasse fermented by the EM bacterial stock solution after being digested by river crabs can be directly and rapidly decomposed and converted by microbial communities in a water body of a crab pond, so that the feces can be required for the growth of aquatic weeds such as algae or waterweeds. Effectively avoids the vinasse residues from damaging water quality and substrate, causing continuous high harmful indexes such as ammonia nitrogen nitrite and the like, and causing adverse effects on the growth and exuviation of river crabs.
4. The technology for fermenting the vinasse by the EM bacteria stock solution is simple and easy to understand, the raw materials are rich and cheap, the fermentation device is simple and easy to buy, the technical requirement is low, the finished product is wide in use, the method can be copied and popularized in river crab main production areas, and the method is water-quality and environment-friendly and is one of positive assistance for promoting the healthy and ecological breeding of the river crabs at the present stage.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Examples
The invention discloses a method for producing a river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) and application thereof. The preparation method of the feed comprises the following steps:
taking the fermentation of 200kg of solid distiller's grains of Chinese liquor as an example, 1kg of EM (effective microorganism) bacterium ' water adjusting No. 1 ' (special for crabs) produced by Hengtai environmental protection science and technology development limited company of Jiangsu, 1kg of molasses and 40kg of water are matched, the fermentation temperature is 15-40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7-14 days.
① sterilizing 200L fermentation white barrel, oxygen pump air stone pipe, and stirring tool with small amount of bleaching powder and tap water, cleaning, and air drying.
② about 40kg of tap water was put into a 200L white fermenter with a screw cap, and aerated sufficiently with an oxygenation pump for three days to remove chlorine.
③ dissolving 1kg of molasses (byproduct of sugar production process) or high-quality brown sugar (raw material non-brown sugar) in 3 times of boiling water, and cooling to below 35 deg.C with water temperature measured by a silver thermometer to obtain sugar water.
④ at this time, slowly opening the cap of the EM stock solution barrel to release a part of gas pressure in the bottle, shaking the bottle up and down to uniformly distribute EM bacteria solution, pouring out about 1kg of stock solution, and adding into sugar water which is just cooled to below 35 ℃, activating and culturing EM bacteria for 24h, and using as EM bacteria activating bacteria solution preferably.
⑤ the activated EM activated bacteria liquid is poured into about 40kg of aerated tap water and stirred evenly to form fermentation liquid, then 200kg of solid white lees are put into a white fermentation barrel for 200L fermentation in batches, the fermentation liquid is uniformly sprayed and stirred once every five centimeters of the white lees are increased and paved, one fifth of the space is reserved to prevent the fermentation lees from expanding the barrel body, a threaded cover is covered and screwed down, the fermentation temperature is preferably kept within 30-34 ℃ during the period, and the fermentation barrel is put into a room with an air conditioner for more stable fermentation under the condition.
⑥ observing the fermentation condition in the barrel according to the weather temperature, sealing in summer without stirring for about 7 days, and other time is about 14 days, i.e. slightly uncovering to spread a part of pressure, observing the surface layer of the distiller's grains to be covered with a layer of white hypha, then scooping out part of the fermented distiller's grains with sterilized water, and feeding the fermented distiller's grains as the auxiliary feed of the river crab when smelling the sweet and sour taste and the bouquet similar to those of EM stock solution.
If no hypha is seen and odor such as putrefactive odor is present, the feeding is prohibited if the failure is detected.
⑦ failure of EM fermentation of vinasse should be found out the failure reason, then, after drying again, mixing 40kg of water, adding 2kg of molasses and 2kg of EM stock solution, sealing again according to the original flow and fermenting successfully, using an empty feed bag to subpackage according to the specification of 25kg, placing the feed bag at the corner of the crab pond for topdressing water, and promoting the growth of algae and crab pond aquatic weeds.
⑧ the vinasse successfully fermented by EM is selected to be fed in a non-shelling period, the vinasse is mixed with the river crab pellet feed according to the proportion (fermented vinasse: pellet feed is 1: 5) to be fed for the first time, the ingestion condition of the river crab on the feeding table is observed, and the increase and decrease of the later-period mixing feeding amount are flexibly determined according to the primary feeding effect.
⑨ the distiller's grains fermented by EM bacteria should be placed in the shade and used within a week, if the distiller's grains cannot be used up in time, the distiller's grains can be dried into round blocks, the shady and dry place is selected for storage, generally the storage period can be kept about 3 months, water is added for softening before use, and then the blocks are kneaded into granules for feeding.
The fermentation method is compared through tests, namely, juvenile crabs with the specification of 40 crabs/jin are selected in the early 3 months in 2019, two ponds with the same condition are selected for cultivating river crabs, 800 crabs are placed in each mu, elegans are normally planted, snails are put in the ponds, the river crabs are fed with the river crab compound feed after entering the ponds for one week, the pond is fed with the river crab compound feed after the river crabs are fed for one month, the water temperature reaches above 18 ℃ in the early 4 months, the method described in the patent is used for fermenting vinasse, the mixture is fed with a small amount of the river crab feed after the successful feeding, after observation lasts for two months, the number of the pond feeding platforms fed with the fermented vinasse and the number of the peripheral river crabs are obviously more than that of the next door pond, the food fed on the same batch of the feeding platforms disappear more quickly than that of the next door ponds, the fermented vinasse achieves the good food calling and the effect of promoting digestion of the food, the fermented vinasse is detected during the period, ammonia nitrogen content 0.5 mg/L of the fermented material is higher than that the pond feeding 0.3 mg/L, the weight of the nitrite nitrogen is 0.005 mg/L, the weight of the mature crab pond feeding is higher than that of the male crabs fed in the next door of the pond, the pond fed with the fermented vinasse, the fermented pond, the fermented crabs fed with the fermented vinasse is higher than that the mature crab, the fermented pond, the weight of the fermented pond feeding the fermented.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for producing a river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
aerating and dechlorinating tap water;
fully dissolving molasses to obtain sugar water, and keeping the temperature below 35 ℃;
inoculating the stock solution of EM bacteria into sugar water, and activating;
mixing the activated EM bacteria into the tap water after dechlorination to form fermentation liquor;
pouring the vinasse into the fermentation liquor for fermentation, stirring irregularly, and fermenting to obtain the compound feed.
2. The method for producing the river crab compound feed by fermenting the vinasse with the EM bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the EM bacteria comprises the following steps: the dosage and mass ratio of the vinasse, the EM bacteria stock solution, the molasses and the water is 200: 1: 1: 40.
3. the method for producing the river crab compound feed by fermenting the vinasse with the EM bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the EM bacteria comprises the following steps: in the process of preparing the sugar water, the molasses is dissolved in three times of boiled water, and the temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃ for use after the molasses is fully dissolved.
4. The method for producing the river crab compound feed by fermenting the vinasse with the EM bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the EM bacteria comprises the following steps: the activation time of the EM bacterial stock solution in the sugar water is 24 h.
5. The method for producing the river crab compound feed by fermenting the vinasse with the EM bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the EM bacteria comprises the following steps: adding the vinasse into the fermentation liquor in batches, and stirring once when the fermentation liquor level is increased by 5 centimeters.
6. The method for producing the river crab compound feed by fermenting the vinasse with the EM bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the EM bacteria comprises the following steps: the fermentation time of the vinasse poured into the fermentation liquor is 7 days at normal temperature in summer and 14 days in other seasons.
7. The use of the method for producing the river crab compound feed by fermenting the lees with the EM as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 for preparing the river crab feed.
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| CN202010333260.6A CN111480749A (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-04-24 | Method for producing river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) and application of method |
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| CN202010333260.6A CN111480749A (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-04-24 | Method for producing river crab compound feed by fermenting vinasse with EM (effective microorganisms) and application of method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102919516A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-13 | 贵州大学 | Novel vinasse biological feed and production process thereof |
| CN103815196A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-28 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Preparation of fermented material in bait bio-bed for breeding of river crabs and application method thereof |
| CN107751654A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-06 | 芜湖诚德农业科技有限公司 | A kind of crab feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109363001A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-22 | 湛江恒兴养殖技术服务有限公司 | A kind of fermentative feedstuff of microbe and preparation method thereof and application |
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2020
- 2020-04-24 CN CN202010333260.6A patent/CN111480749A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102919516A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-13 | 贵州大学 | Novel vinasse biological feed and production process thereof |
| CN103815196A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-05-28 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Preparation of fermented material in bait bio-bed for breeding of river crabs and application method thereof |
| CN107751654A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-06 | 芜湖诚德农业科技有限公司 | A kind of crab feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109363001A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-22 | 湛江恒兴养殖技术服务有限公司 | A kind of fermentative feedstuff of microbe and preparation method thereof and application |
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Application publication date: 20200804 |