CN111480643A

CN111480643A - Insect specimen manufacturing method

Info

Publication number: CN111480643A
Application number: CN202010486217.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董大志; 李维薇; 杨慧
Original assignee: Kunming Institute of Zoology of CAS
Current assignee: Kunming Institute of Zoology of CAS
Priority date: 2020-06-01
Filing date: 2020-06-01
Publication date: 2020-08-04

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of specimen preparation, and discloses an insect specimen preparation method, which comprises the steps of selecting, stretching and curling whiskers, feet, tentacles and the like of a specimen collected or softly taken out from a softener by using a pick needle, then separating two wings, pressing down and resetting, and preparing the insect specimen by using a non-wing-spreading five-needle method and a wing-spreading five-needle method after a contact pin is fixed. The five-needle method provided by the invention mainly solves the problem that a large quantity of insects such as butterflies, moths, bees, flies, cicadas, dragonflies and other groups need to spread wings, observe and study the characteristics of the specimen preparation technology, and has higher efficiency than the traditional groove and furrow type wing spreading plate wing spreading preparation method which is slow in press work. The five-needle method can improve the efficiency of insect specimen preparation in a large, quick, good and economical way according to local conditions.

Description

Insect specimen manufacturing method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of specimen preparation, and particularly relates to a method for preparing an insect specimen.

Background

At present, there are more than 1 thousand insects on the earth, accounting for 80% of the animal kingdom. Over 100 million species have been identified, but there are 7000 new species increasing each year. More than 100 ten thousand species of Chinese insects are estimated, and less say, 50-80 ten thousand species of Chinese insects are estimated, but only 9 ten thousand species of Chinese insects have been identified, and 5 ten thousand species of Chinese insects are named by foreigners. The difference between 9 ten thousand species and 30 and 80 ten thousand species is large, and if the difference is larger than 100 ten thousand species, the insect classification in China is the biggest Japanese deficit in insect taxonomy in China up to now. Since birth, humans often have relationships with insects, either directly or indirectly. In terms of national economy, insects can be classified into two major categories, harmful and beneficial. Some insects have great harm to human beings, can cause agricultural and forestry disasters, and reduce harvest. Some insects can spread various human and animal diseases, and threaten human life. Some insects can spin silk, brew honey and spread pollen. Some insects can be used as traditional Chinese medicinal materials and cosmetics, industrial products and the like. Still other insects are parasitic or predatory natural enemies of pests, and can eliminate harmful insects for humans. Therefore, the insect species, the distribution range, the biological habits, the occurrence rules and the like of the insects are investigated and researched, the pests are prevented and controlled, and the insect resources are fully developed and reasonably utilized to better serve the national economy. To achieve the above purpose, the insect specimens are collected and stored to perform systematic classification and identification research on the insect specimens, which are important research materials. In order to obtain a large amount of ideal research materials, specimen collection must be examined in the field, and specimen materials with research value and permanent preservation can be prepared. The insect collector comprises a collecting net, a collecting pocket, an insect sucking pipe, an insect attracting lamp, a poison bottle, an insect baking cylinder, an insect washing box, a collecting bag, scissors, tweezers, a notebook and the like. There are many collection methods, including observation, search, shaking, luring, net catching, trapping, etc. The preparation of insects is an important step because insect specimens collected by various methods must be prepared by using various tools. The conventional step-by-step slot type wing spreading plate wing spreading method is adopted for manufacturing the wings of the insect specimen. However, when a lot of insect specimens with a certain amount and a large quantity are urgently needed to be winged, especially for butterfly, moth, bee, fly, cicada, dragonfly and the like, some characteristics are difficult to observe without winging, so how to improve the making progress and efficiency of the insect specimens is very important for the improvement of the specimen making method.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: (1) in the prior art, a great number of large-scale insects such as butterflies, moths, bees, flies, cicadas, dragonflies and other groups need a specimen preparation technology for wing spreading and observing characteristics, and a traditional groove-and-furrow-type wing spreading plate wing spreading method for local duty is slow, low in efficiency and wastes a great deal of time.

(2) The currently adopted manufacturing method of the insect specimen groove and furrow type spreading fin plate not only wastes time, but also needs sulfuric acid cellophane to be made into a layering and to be inserted with 10-15 insect needles to fix the spreading fins of the insects.

(3) When the specimen is removed, the specimen is damaged by carelessness when the insect needle is pulled out and the parchment paper is removed.

The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the manufacturing of the groove-type and groove-type spreading fin plate is avoided, the five-needle manufacturing method is adopted, time, labor and materials can be saved, and the specimen manufacturing efficiency is improved.

Is the defect and difficulty considered too simple to make with only five needles? However, it seems that the method is simple and not so simple, for example, the pin inserting angle is an important technique in the pin inserting position of the five-pin law, and can be grasped only by continuously practicing and accumulating experience for a long time. The sample is not easy to be prepared by the human body, but the sample is prepared.

The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the five-needle method is more, faster, better, time-saving, labor-saving and material-saving than the traditional groove and groove method. Has important value and significance in insect specimen preparation technology, scientific research, science popularization and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for manufacturing an insect specimen.

The invention is realized in such a way, and the insect specimen preparation method comprises the following steps:

the collected or softened specimen is used for picking up the retractable whiskers, feet, tentacles and the like by using a picking needle, then two wings are separated and pressed down, and after the inserting needle is fixed, the insect specimen is made by using a non-wing-spreading five-needle method and a wing-spreading five-needle method.

Further, the non-spreading five-needle method comprises the following steps:

inserting the reset specimen into the third-level plate for the insect needle to determine the height, and then inserting the reset specimen onto the foam plastic plate for fixing; when the fixing is carried out, the pin inserting parts are respectively 1 pin on two sides of the shoulder part and 1 pin on two sides of the near end part, then the 1 pin is inserted between the two tentacles, and the two tentacles are separated to form a splayed shape by pressing down.

Further, the five-needle method for spreading the wings comprises the following steps: inserting the reset specimen on a foam board, inserting 1 pin on each of two sides of the abdomen for fixation, then using tweezers to lift the front wing on one side upwards to a certain height, then inserting the pins at the large characteristic position for fixation, and then slightly separating the back wing for fixation; the other side is operated the same; and finally inserting 1 pin between the two antennae to fix the antennae.

Further, the soft specimen or the sample of spreading wings in the soft ware is chosen to stretch the back and separately push down two wings and need to be carried out before utilizing the picking needle:

step 1, collecting insect specimens;

and 2, manufacturing an insect specimen.

Further, the step 2 specifically includes:

(1) making a softener, namely taking a container or a cylinder which is made of glass and is provided with a movable perforated supporting plate in the middle; when in use, clear water is injected into the jar, a layer of clean fine sand is placed at the bottom of the jar, and then a few drops of carbolic acid are dropped into the water; softening the collected insect specimen;

(2) manufacturing insect needles, namely selecting 0-5 needles, wherein the length of each needle is 38.45 millimeters, the diameter of each 0 needle is 0.3 millimeter, the diameter of each 1-5 needle is increased by 0.1 millimeter when the diameter of each 1-5 needle is increased sequentially, and the 5 needle is thickest and has the diameter of 0.8 millimeter;

(3) the picking needle or the dissecting needle is made by customizing, a metal or plastic rod with the length of 9 cm and the diameter of 1 mm is selected as a raw material, one end of the rod is an elastic clamp, a spiral valve capable of adjusting the elasticity is sleeved outside the elastic clamp, the diameter of the elastic clamp is 0.3 mm, and then insect needles with different types are inserted into the elastic clamp after caps are removed.

(4) Manufacturing a three-level plate, namely bonding three materials with the same thickness and different lengths together to manufacture the three-level plate; each level of the three-level plate is 0.8 cm in height, and the total height of the three levels is 2.4 cm; drilling a small hole which can pass a No. 5 needle at the positive center of each level;

the third level of the third-level plate is the height of the worm body, the second level is the height of the collection label, and the first level is the height of the identification label;

(5) and (3) manufacturing a plastic foam board, namely manufacturing the foam board with the thickness of 2-3 cm, the length of 60 cm and the width of 40 cm.

Further, after the insect specimen is manufactured, classification and identification are required, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

classifying and identifying, drying the prepared sample in a natural temperature or an oven, and inserting a label recording the sample collection place, the altitude, the collection time and the collected information by using a second-level height of a three-level plate; then, sorting and classifying according to the categories, families and genera and carrying out species and sub-species classification, identification and analysis research; identification of species three-stage plates were used with the first stage highly labeled with species Chinese, Latin literature name and identifying person name.

Further, after the insect specimen is made, still need to carry out the save of insect specimen, specifically include:

and (3) long-term storage, namely inserting the prepared, identified or named specimen into a specimen box, adding a camphor block or other insect-proof and antiseptic agents into a specimen cabinet for long-term storage, and recording the serial number information of the specimen into a database.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the five-needle method provided by the invention mainly solves the problem that a large quantity of insects such as butterflies, moths, bees, flies, cicadas, dragonflies and other groups need to spread wings to manufacture specimen preparation technology for observing characteristics, and avoids the use of a traditional groove and ditch type wing spreading plate wing spreading manufacturing method which is slow in pressing for work. The five-needle method can improve the efficiency of insect specimen preparation in a large amount, quickly and easily according to local conditions.

The effects and advantages obtained by combining experimental or experimental data with the prior art are: the five-needle method provided by the invention mainly solves the problem that a large quantity of insects such as butterflies, moths, bees, flies, cicadas, dragonflies and other groups need to spread wings, observe and study the characteristic of the specimen preparation technology, and avoids the use of the traditional groove and furrow type wing spreading plate wing spreading preparation method which is slow in press work. The five-needle method can improve the efficiency of insect specimen preparation in a large amount, quickly and easily according to local conditions.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing an insect specimen according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the specimen softener (cylinder) provided by the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of a still-soft moth specimen provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the specimen repositioning effect according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the effect of pin fixing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a graph of one-sided fin spreading effects provided by embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the effect of a silk moth-spread specimen on the completion of the wing-spreading process.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of non-spreading and spreading specimens according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the effect of a Bombycis mori specimen prepared without spreading wings according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the effect of a Bombycis mori fin-spreading preparation completed specimen provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a diagram of the effect of the insect needle 00,0,1,2,3,4,5 according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 12 is an effect diagram of the shape of the picking needle provided by the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13 is a graph of the effect of the three stages of platens provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the plastic foam board provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating the technical route of the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

In the prior art, a great number of large-scale insects such as butterflies, moths, bees, flies, cicadas, dragonflies and other groups need a specimen preparation technology for wing spreading and observing characteristics, and a traditional groove-and-furrow-type wing spreading plate wing spreading method for local duty is slow, low in efficiency and wastes a great deal of time.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for manufacturing an insect specimen, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the method for preparing an insect specimen according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

s101, collecting insect specimens.

S102, manufacturing an insect specimen, including manufacturing a softener, selecting an insect needle, manufacturing a three-level plate and manufacturing a plastic foam plate.

S103, preparing a five-needle-method specimen, namely a non-spreading five-needle method and a spreading five-needle method.

S104, classifying and identifying, sorting and classifying according to the categories, families and genera and classifying, and performing seed and seed classification and identification analysis after the preparation of the specimen is finished.

And S105, preserving the insect specimen for a long time.

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.

Examples

The method mainly solves the problem that a lot of troublesome insects need to spread wings to manufacture specimen preparation technology for observing characteristics, and avoids the traditional groove and furrow type wing spreading plate wing spreading preparation method according to the work. The five-needle method can improve the efficiency of insect specimen preparation in a large, quick, good and economical way according to local conditions.

(II) preparation of insect specimen

1. Specimen preparation tool

1. And the softening device is a container or a cylinder which is made of glass and is provided with a movable perforated supporting plate in the middle. When the multifunctional pot is used, a small amount of clear water is injected into the pot, a layer of clean fine sand is placed at the bottom of the pot, and then a few drops of carbolic acid are dropped into the water to prevent specimens from mildewing. Insect specimens collected and stored in the field or sent by external units can be manufactured only after a softener is used and softened because the specimens are hard and brittle after a long time and can be damaged if wings are immediately manufactured (see fig. 2).

2. Insect needles are a necessary tool for making insect specimens because they are used to fix the position of insects when making specimens of various forms. Different individual sized insects must use different insect needles. The insect needles can be divided into No. 00,0,1,2,3,4 and 5 and No. 7 according to the thickness and length of the insect needles. The length of the 0-5 needle is 38.45 mm, the diameter of the 0 needle is 0.3 mm, the diameter of the 0 needle is increased by 0.1 mm after the 1 needle is sequentially increased, and the 5 needle is the thickest and has the diameter of 0.8 mm. The use method of the insect needle is to insert the needle at the center of the insect body, so as to keep the classified characteristics from being damaged, standardize the inserting needle for making insect specimens, and ensure that the inserting needle parts of various insects of different groups have the same requirement. The coleopteran is inserted anteriorly and medially of the right coleopteran with the needle passing between the right midfoot and hind paw. Stinkbug is inserted in the middle of the scutellum slightly to the right. Orthoptera insects such as locusts, longhorned grasshopper and the like are inserted behind the anterior chest back plate, and the dorsal midline is towards the right side. Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Homoptera, etc. are inserted in the midpoint of the medial thoracic backboard. This does not destroy the characteristics of the classification on the dorsal forethorax and the ventral shield (FIG. 11).

3. The making of the pricking needle or the dissecting needle is characterized in that a metal or plastic rod which is 9 cm long and 1 mm in diameter is selected as a raw material, one end of the metal or plastic rod is an elastic clamp, a spiral valve capable of adjusting the elasticity is sleeved outside the elastic clamp, the diameter of the elastic clamp is 0.3 mm, and then insect needles of different types are inserted into the elastic clamp after caps of the insect needles are removed (figure 12).

4. The three-stage plate, also called as a three-stage platform, is used for keeping the same height of labels inserted into the insect body and the insect body, meets the requirement of exchanging samples at home and abroad, is convenient to be inserted into a sample box for storage, is neat and attractive, and can be achieved only by using the three-stage plate. The third level of the third-level plate is the height of the worm body, the second level is the height of the collection label, and the first level is the height of the identification label. Is made by bonding three materials with the same thickness and different lengths. The height of each stage of the three-stage plate is 0.8 cm, and the height of each stage of the three-stage plate is 2.4 cm. A small hole is drilled in the very center of each step to allow passage of the 5 gauge needle (fig. 13).

4. The plastic foam board has a thickness of 2-3 cm, a length of 60 cm and a width of 40 cm. Can be obtained from local sources, can be used for packaging used foam boards according to local conditions, is economical and can save materials (figure 14).

And (III) a five-needle method specimen preparation method, namely a five-needle method also called an insect specimen rapid wing spreading method, a non-wing spreading method and a wing spreading method. Taking out the specimen with softness in the softener, such as butterfly, moth, bee, fly, cicada, dragonfly, etc., which is to be made or spread, and inserting into an insect needle. Because the two wings of the specimen stored in the triangular paper bag or the cotton bag are folded on the back and the tentacles, the feet and the beards are curled, the two wings are separated and pressed down for restoration after restoration and extension by a pick needle, and the non-wing-spreading five-needle method and the wing-spreading five-needle method are used for manufacturing after the contact pin is fixed.

1. The five-needle method without spreading wings is characterized in that the reduction specimen is inserted into the third level of the three-level plate for the insect needle to determine the height and then is inserted into the foam plastic plate to be fixed. When the fixation is performed, the needle inserting position is 1 needle on each side of the shoulder part and 1 needle on each side of the proximal end part, then the needle 1 is inserted between the two tentacles, and the two tentacles are separated into a splayed shape by pressing slightly (see figure 9).

2. The five-pin method for spreading the wings comprises the steps of inserting a reduction sample on a foam board, inserting 1 pin on each of two sides of the abdomen for fixation, then using forceps to lift the front wing on one side upwards to a certain height, then inserting the pins for fixation on a large characteristic part, and then slightly separating the rear wing for fixation. The other side operates the same. Finally, 1 pin is inserted between the two antennae to fix the antennae, and the five-pin law is declared to be completed. The posture can be adjusted arbitrarily until satisfied. The pin location may be selected empirically. According to the two preparation methods of the specimen, a subsidiary needle can be added (see figures 7 and 10).

(IV) Classification and identification

The specimen is manufactured and needs to be dried in a natural temperature or an oven, and then a label which records the specimen collecting place, the altitude, the collecting time and the information of a person is inserted by using the second-level height of the three-level plate. Such a specimen is ready for preparation. Then, the classification and the identification analysis of the species and the sub-species are carried out according to the categories, the families and the genera. Identification of species three-stage plates were used with the first stage highly labeled with species Chinese, Latin literature name and identifying person name.

(V) preservation of insect specimens

1. Temporary preservation, in field investigation and long-distance collection and transportation, the collected specimen must be temporarily preserved. The method is to use triangular paper bags, paper rolls, cotton bags and other packages to be stored in dry and non-squeezed boxes or boxes for temporary storage.

2. The insect specimen is stored for a long time, and the insect specimen is inspected and collected from the field, transported to be manufactured indoors, classified and identified, and needs a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources. Therefore, both the prepared specimen and the non-prepared specimen, particularly the research specimen and the model specimen, are valuable resources and must be preserved properly. The method is that the prepared, identified or named specimen is inserted into a specimen box, camphor or other insect-proof agents are added, and the preservative agents are placed in a specimen cabinet for long-term preservation. The information is then entered into the database by the specimen numbers.

In the present invention, fig. 3 is a graph showing the effect of a silkworm moth specimen which is still soft according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention will be further described with reference to the application examples of the technical schemes of the embodiments.

Technical scheme of implementation

The embodiment of the invention and the related working and technical lines are the collection of insect specimens, comprising a collection tool, a collection method and a collection record; the insect specimen manufacturing tool comprises an insect needle, a pick needle, a foam board and a three-stage board; the five-needle method includes the non-spreading five-needle method and the spreading five-needle method; insect classification and identification, long-term preservation of insect specimens and data information input. The five-needle method provided by the invention mainly solves the problem that a large quantity of insects such as butterflies, moths, bees, flies, cicadas, dragonflies and other groups need to spread wings, observe and study the characteristic of the specimen preparation technology, and avoids the use of the traditional groove and furrow type wing spreading plate wing spreading preparation method which is slow in press work. The five-needle method can improve the efficiency of insect specimen preparation according to local conditions, and is more, faster and better, and the technical route of the specific embodiment (figure 15) is saved.

Application example

The preparation of 1000 insect specimens is completed within a limited time, and comprises a plurality of procedures of writing, inserting collection labels and identification labels, classifying and identifying seeds, numbering, data entry and the like. In the case of time-critical and heavy tasks, the five-needle method is used to prepare specimens. By making and arranging, writing and recording the labels of acquisition places, altitudes, acquisition dates, acquirers, Chinese, Latin, appraisers and the like, and classifying, identifying, numbering and data inputting. As a result, 1109 insect specimens are manufactured, 1109 collecting labels and identifying labels are printed and inserted, and 1109 data are recorded, wherein the number of the other species is 150, the number of the species is 1109, and tasks are completed and completed in excess. Fully proves that the five-needle method is an effective and efficient insect specimen preparation method.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an insect specimen, comprising:

the collected or softened specimen is pressed by a pick needle to stretch and contract beard, foot, antenna and the like, then two wings are separated and pressed down to reset, and the fixed contact pin is used for producing the insect specimen by using a non-wing-spreading five-needle method and a wing-spreading five-needle method.

2. The method of making an insect specimen according to claim 1, wherein the non-winging five-needle method comprises:

3. The method of making an insect specimen according to claim 1, wherein the fin-spreading five-needle method comprises: inserting the reset specimen on a foam board, inserting 1 pin on each of two sides of the abdomen for fixation, then using tweezers to lift the front wing on one side upwards to a certain height, then inserting the pins at the large characteristic position for fixation, and then slightly separating the back wing for fixation; the other side is operated the same; and finally inserting 1 pin between the two antennae to fix the antennae.

4. The method for preparing an insect specimen according to claim 1, wherein the specimen is taken out of the softener by picking up the curled hairs, feet, tentacles, etc. with a pick needle, and the two wings are separated and pressed down for restoration, and then the two wings are separated and pressed down before:

step 1, collecting insect specimens;

and 2, manufacturing an insect specimen.

5. The method for preparing an insect specimen according to claim 4, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises:

(2) manufacturing insect needles, namely selecting 0-5 needles, wherein the length of each needle is 38.45 millimeters, the diameter of each 0 needle is 0.3 millimeter, and the diameter of each 1-5 needle is increased by 0.1 millimeter when the diameter of each 1-5 needle is increased in sequence, wherein the 5 needle is the thickest and has the diameter of 0.8 millimeter;

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the insect specimen is classified and identified after the insect specimen is prepared, the method comprising:

drying the prepared specimen at natural temperature or in an oven, and then inserting a label which records a specimen collecting place, altitude, collecting time and person information into a second-level height of a three-level plate; then, sorting and classifying according to the categories, families and genera and performing species and subspecies classification, identification and analysis; identification of species three-stage plates were used with the first stage highly labeled with species Chinese, Latin literature name and identifying person name.

7. The method for preparing an insect specimen according to claim 1, wherein the insect specimen is preserved after the preparation of the insect specimen, and the method specifically comprises:

and (3) long-term preservation, namely inserting the prepared, identified or named specimen into a specimen box, adding a camphor block or other insect-proof medicaments, placing the antiseptic medicaments in a specimen cabinet for long-term preservation, and recording the serial number information of the specimen into a database.