CN111480274A - 冷却和/或冷冻设备 - Google Patents

冷却和/或冷冻设备 Download PDF

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CN111480274A
CN111480274A CN201880069176.9A CN201880069176A CN111480274A CN 111480274 A CN111480274 A CN 111480274A CN 201880069176 A CN201880069176 A CN 201880069176A CN 111480274 A CN111480274 A CN 111480274A
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component
temperature
heat source
cooling
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拉尔斯·切希拉克
帕斯卡尔·奥托
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Liebherr Hausgeraete Ochsenhausen GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/085Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00General constructional features
    • F25D23/003General constructional features for cooling refrigerating machinery
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25DREFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/006Safety devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H02H5/042Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using temperature dependent resistors
    • H02H5/043Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using temperature dependent resistors the temperature dependent resistor being disposed parallel to a heating wire, e.g. in a heating blanket
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/082Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0824Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in thyristor switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/0213Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
    • H05K1/0263High current adaptations, e.g. printed high current conductors or using auxiliary non-printed means; Fine and coarse circuit patterns on one circuit board
    • H05K1/0265High current adaptations, e.g. printed high current conductors or using auxiliary non-printed means; Fine and coarse circuit patterns on one circuit board characterized by the lay-out of or details of the printed conductors, e.g. reinforced conductors, redundant conductors, conductors having different cross-sections
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/15Power, e.g. by voltage or current
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21Temperatures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K2017/0806Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage against excessive temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/0201Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
    • H05K1/0212Printed circuits or mounted components having integral heating means

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Abstract

一种用于冷却和/或冷冻设备的装置,具有电气的或电子的部件(1,2a)以及检测机构(2,4),通过所述检测机构可以检测部件的电负载或热负载,其中检测机构包括热源(2)以及用于识别热源的热输出的机构(4),其中热源不通过部件本身形成并且与部件串联或并联连接。

Description

冷却和/或冷冻设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冷却和/或冷冻设备,其具有电气的或电子的部件以及检测机构,通过所述检测机构可以检测部件的电负载或热负载。
背景技术
从现有技术中已知的是,温度传感器靠近到部件的热源的热传递阻力最小的壳体面地设置。图1示出三端双向可控硅开关,其中到半导体的热传递阻力最小的壳体面与端子A2直接电连接。因为所述端子从而其电势与三端双向可控硅开关的开关状态相关,所以通过在传感器和端子A2之间的直接的电连接的温度测量仅在电路耗费巨大的情况下是可能的。出于所述原因,传感器仅在三端双向可控硅开关的位置附近设置或者与端子A1电连接和热连接。端子A1仅通过接合线与半导体连接。通过不利的热接合,在传感器和部件之间的温差可能大至使得不能在任何应用情况下都确保过载识别。此外,经由在端子A1处的电阻的直接的电流测量适合于过载识别。所述电流测量然而引起较高的电路耗费和提高的成本并且使得不可能考虑环境温度以及部件的热质量。
此外,从现有技术中已知具有集成的温度保护的部件,其中所述部件仅以有限种类提供并且是成本密集的。除此之外,所述部件不具有调整切断值的可能性。
从DE 10 2012 208 115A1中已知用于保护车辆中的电线路的设备,其中印制导线的热特征匹配于要保护的电线路的热特征。所述设备包括:温度传感器,所述温度传感器设计用于,检测印制导线的温度值,所述印制导线与电线路电耦联;以及限制单元,所述限制单元设计用于,在电印制导线的检测出的温度值超过预定值时,限制流过电线路的电通流。
US 2011/0080681A1公开一种保护车辆中的电线路的设备,其中所述设备包括限制单元,所述限制单元设计成,当检测出的温度值超过预定值时,降低穿过电线路的电通流。US 2008/0112131A1公开了一种温度传感器,所述温度传感器设计用于,检测印制导线的温度值,所述印制导线与电线路电耦合。
现有技术的缺点是,部件壳体的温度仅可非常不精确地检测,使得部件不能接近其功率极限运行,而不出现其过载的风险。
发明内容
本发明基于如下目的,提供一种用于识别电气的或电子的部件的负载情形的尤其精确的可能性。
所述目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的冷却和/或冷冻设备来实现。
因此提出,检测机构包括热源以及用于识别热源的温度或热输出的机构,其中热源不通过部件本身形成并且与部件串联或并联连接。
因此,通过使用附加的热源识别或防止在电的部件处的热负载或电负载或者过载。
这模拟部件在负载或过载情况下的温度或温度提高,并且优选地构成为,使得其在正常运行中电流较小的情况下仅具有小的热量形成,并且在高负载的情况下从附加的热源的温度提高、温度或热输出中可以推断出部件的负载情形。
热源可以与部件串联和并联地连接,其中由热源输出的热量在第一种情况下另外与部件上的压差相关并且在第二种情况下另外与流过部件的电流相关。
热源可以在要监控的部件上游或下游连接。
在一个实施方式中提出,热源通过印制导线或导体的渐尖部形成。在该情况下可能的是,向回推断出部件壳体的或部件的温度。如果印制导线的渐尖部直接或靠近部件壳体或部件设置,那么可能的是,以尤其精确的方式确定部件的温度。
热源可以替选地通过附加的电气的或电子的部件形成。例如,热源可以构成为在部件上游或下游连接的或并联连接的电阻。在任何情况下,热输出基于焦耳效应进行。
此外可以提出,热源不与部件直接连接,而是与其间隔开。
本发明也包括如下情况,用于识别热输出或温度的机构包括温度传感器。因此,可以检测热源的温度并且随后向回推断出部件的温度。
替选地或附加地,用于识别热输出或温度的机构可以包括电气的或电子的部件,尤其温度相关的电阻。但是本发明也包括如下情况,用于识别热输出或温度的机构包括其他电气的或电子的部件,例如电容式或电感式构件,其电特征与周围的热学条件相关。
用于识别热输出或温度的机构可以与热源直接电连接,使得测量的热输出允许更准确地推断出部件的温度。
根据本发明的一个有利的设计方案,用于识别热输出或温度的机构设置成,使得通过所述机构可识别设备的环境温度,使得在识别到负载时可以自动地考虑所述环境温度。
根据本发明还可以提出一种保护电路,所述保护电路与检测机构连接,使得检测部件的负载,其中保护电路构成为,使得所述保护电路与部件的检测出的负载或确定的负载状态相关地减小部件的负载状态。由此可能的是,相对于电负载或热负载保护部件从而延长部件的使用寿命并且降低用于其维护的成本。
优选地,要监控的部件处于电路板或印制导线上。
在该处要注意的是,术语“一”和“一个”并不是一定表示所涉及的元件中的刚好一个,尽管这是一个可能的实施方式,而是也可以代表多个元件。相应内容适用于复数的使用,所述复数也可以包括元件中的仅一个元件并且相反地可以适用于单数的使用,所述单数也可以涉及多个元件。
附图说明
本发明的其他细节和优点在附图中示出的实施例中详细阐述。
附图示出:
图1示出从现有技术中已知的三端双向可控硅开关的电构造;
图2示出具有热源的电子部件,所述热源通过另外的电气的或电子的部件形成,
图3示出具有热源的电子部件,所述电子部件通过印制导线的渐尖部形成;
图4示出在从现有技术中已知的部件中在负载情况或过载情况下在壳体和端子A1之间的温差的热谱图;
图5示出在负载情况或过载情况下在壳体和附加的热源之间的温差的热谱图,其中附加的热源通过印制导线的渐尖部形成。
具体实施方式
图1示出从现有技术已知的三端双向可控硅开关的电构造。在该构件中,在构件附近或通过电连接和热连接在端子A1处检测温度,即使当到半导体的热传递阻力最小的壳体面与端子A2直接电连接时也如此,使得在端子A2处的温度测量会提供更精确的结果。在端子A2处的温度测量然而仅借助巨大的电路耗费可实现,因为该端子从而其电势与构件的开关状态相关。
图2示出用于根据本发明的冷却或冷冻设备的装置,其中热源通过另外的电气的或电子的部件形成。
用于识别热输出或温度的机构通过温度相关的电阻4形成。
电子部件1具有端子A1、A2和G,所述端子允许部件1的电连接。在端子A1上游串联地设置有电气的或电子的部件2,所述电气的或电子的部件由于焦耳效应将流过其的电流转换成热量。部件2因此在该情况下用作为热源。
由部件2产生的热量通过由箭头3表示的辐射和/或热传导而传递至温度相关的电阻4,使得所述电阻用作为用于识别热源的热输出或温度的机构。热源2和电阻4形成检测机构。
所述电阻4在一侧与网络分支7并且在另一侧与调节和控制单元5电连接。因此,流过电阻4的电流与通过部件2输出的热量相关。
调节和控制单元5包括保护电路,所述保护电路与检测机构、即与用于识别热输出的机构4和热源2连接。
因此,可以防止部件1的可能的过载。调节和控制单元5的保护电路构成为,使得在需要时,例如通过限制或完全切断流向部件1的电流,所述保护电路与部件的检测出的负载相关地减小部件1的负载状态。
2a用符号示出电负载。这也可以在距开关元件1的较大距离处设置。
图3示出根据本发明的装置,其中热源通过印制导线的渐尖部形成。
部件1示出端子A1、A2和G,所述端子允许部件1的电连接。
尤其地,端子A1与印制导线L电连接。印制导线L直接在端子A1上游具有渐尖部2’,所述渐尖部由于减小的横截面具有更高的电阻。
所述电阻造成直接在端子A1上游的提高的热输出,其中热量以导热的方式通过温度相关的电阻3’检测。
渐尖部2’在该情况下用作为热源并且温度相关的电阻4’用作为用于识别热源的热输出或温度的机构。其共同地形成检测机构。
保护电路5’可以通过温度相关的电阻4’来检测附加的热源2’的加热并且对负载情形或过载情形做出反应。
图4示出在从现有技术中已知的部件中在负载情况或过载情况下在壳体和端子A1之间的温差的热谱图。如这从图4中可见的,在端子A1处和构件的壳体处测量的温度之间的差别是明显的(大约28℃),使得不可能精确地确定构件的负载状态。
图5示出根据本发明的在负载情况或过载情况下在壳体和附加的热源之间的温差的热谱图,其中附加的热源通过印制导线的渐尖部2’形成,并且用于识别热输出的机构通过温度相关的电阻4’形成。
在该情况下,在与温度相关的电阻热连接的附加的热源和在构件的壳体处测量的温度之间的差值仅大约为1.45℃,使得负载状态的确定可以更简单地且更精确地进行。由此也可能的是,构件更接近其功率极限地运行,使得更好地利用电气的或电子的部件是可能的。

Claims (11)

1.一种冷却和/或冷冻设备,具有电气的或电子的部件以及检测机构,通过所述检测机构能够检测所述部件的电负载或热负载,
其特征在于,
所述检测机构包括热源以及用于识别所述热源的热输出或温度的机构,其中所述热源不通过所述部件本身形成并且与所述部件串联或并联连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
所述热源在所述部件上游或下游连接。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
所述热源通过印制导线的或导体的渐尖部形成。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
所述热源通过附加的电气的或电子的部件形成。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
所述热源不与所述部件直接连接。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
所述热源与所述部件局部分开地设置。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
所述用于识别热输出或温度的机构包括温度传感器。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
所述用于识别热输出或温度的机构包括电气的或电子的部件,尤其温度相关的电阻。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
所述用于识别热输出或温度的机构与所述热源直接电连接。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
所述用于识别热输出或温度的机构设置成,使得通过所述机构能够识别所述设备的环境温度。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的冷却和/或冷冻设备,
其特征在于,
还设有保护电路,所述保护电路与检测机构连接,使得检测所述部件的负载,其中所述保护电路构成为,使得所述保护电路与所述部件的检测出的负载相关地减小所述部件的负载状态。
CN201880069176.9A 2017-10-26 2018-10-23 冷却和/或冷冻设备 Pending CN111480274A (zh)

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