CN111474363A - 一种新型冠状病毒检测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型冠状病毒检测方法,使用一个能够识别新冠病毒的特异性抗体,使用另外一个能够识别病毒的蛋白或者抗体的检验样品,上面标记有荧光信号微球;该技术以固定有检测线和质控线(抗抗体)的条状纤维层析材料为固定相,测试液为流动相,荧光标记抗体或抗原固定于连接垫,通过毛细管作用使待分析物在层析条上移动,由固定在膜上特定区域的捕获抗体获取信号。该方法通过经过数据处理后,报告结果来达到检测目的,实现对新型冠状病毒的快速检测,根据不同质控品浓度拟合的标准曲线即可算出样品中新型冠状病毒抗原的含量,实现对于病毒含量的测算,可以更好的辅助医生对于患者的病情进行判断进行更加准确的诊断和治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗临床上新型冠状肺炎诊断的技术领域,特别涉及一种新型冠状病毒检测方法。
背景技术
过去10年中出现了许多新的致命性呼吸道病毒和细菌,它们具有广泛传播的潜力,威胁着全球的健康安全,从而吸引了众多媒体和政府的关注。这些呼吸道病原体包括重度急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV)、猪流感病毒(H1N1pdm2009)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)、多药耐药和广泛耐药结核分枝杆菌、泛耐药革兰阴性和革兰阳性菌、免疫功能低下患者中的耐药巨细胞病毒株和唑类耐药真菌。其他新出现的具有流行潜力需要密切监测的呼吸道病原体包括禽流感病毒H7N9、变异型猪流感病毒H3N2v和H1N1v、人腺病毒 14p1和C型鼻病毒。这些病毒均导至了令人担忧的局部感染暴发。该病毒症状一般为发热、乏力、干咳、逐渐出现呼吸困难,严重者表现为急性呼吸窘迫综合征,脓毒症休克,难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和凝血功能障碍。
目前冠状病毒的检测方法,一般有核酸检测:目前临床上主要是对新型冠状病毒核酸进行检测,方法采用的多是荧光PCR法,该检测的优点:准确率高,特异性好;但是,核酸检测价格昂贵,操作复杂;检测需时间长;需要专门实验室,为此,我们提出一种新型冠状病毒检测方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是采用免疫夹心方法,使用一个能够识别新冠病毒的特异性抗体,加上一个和病毒结合的蛋白,固定在固体(微球,ELISA板,硝酸纤维素膜等)表面,另外使用另外一个能够识别病毒的蛋白或者抗体,上面标记有荧光信号微球,当检测样品里面的病毒加入后,病毒会和有荧光信号的微球上面的蛋白或者抗体结合,也和固定的抗体结合,结合的量和检测样品的病毒的量成比例,经过层析或者洗脱,由免疫荧光检测仪,分光光度计,化学发光检测仪来测试光信号的强度来确定样品的病毒含量,经过数据处理后,报告结果来达到检测目的。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种新型冠状病毒检测方法,包括以下步骤:荧光免疫层析技术是基于抗原抗体特异性免疫反应的膜检测技术,使用一个能够识别新冠病毒的特异性抗体,加上一个和病毒结合的蛋白,固定在固体表面,另外使用另外一个能够识别病毒的蛋白或者抗体的检验样品,上面标记有荧光信号微球;
该技术以固定有检测线(包被抗体或包被抗原)和质控线(抗抗体) 的条状纤维层析材料为固定相,测试液为流动相,荧光标记抗体或抗原固定于连接垫,通过毛细管作用使待分析物在层析条上移动,由固定在膜上特定区域的捕获抗体获取信号,由检测仪根据标记荧光微球的发射光谱检测膜上检测线处的荧光信号。
进一步的,所述抗体是指机体的免疫系统在抗原刺激下,由b淋巴细胞或记忆细胞增殖分化成的浆细胞所产生的、可与相应抗原发生特异性结合的免疫球蛋白。
进一步的,所述检测样品里面的病毒加入后,病毒会和有荧光信号的微球上面的蛋白或者抗体结合,也和固定的抗体结合,结合的量和检测样品的病毒的量成比例,经过层析或者洗脱,由免疫荧光检测仪,分光光度计,化学发光检测仪来测试光信号的强度来确定样品的病毒含量。
进一步的,所述检测样品在流动相作用下先与荧光标记抗体结合 (本试剂标记微球为时间分辨微球),通过温育后,再与膜上面检测线处包被抗体结合形成夹心的复合物。
进一步的,所述复合物在610nm处测荧光微球发射光谱,荧光强度随着样品中新型冠状病毒抗原浓度的增加而升高,根据不同质控品浓度拟合的标准曲线即可算出样品中新型冠状病毒抗原的含量。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
该方法通过将带有病毒的样本和有荧光信号的微球上面的蛋白或者抗体结合,通过经过数据处理后,报告结果来达到检测目的,可以实现对新型冠状病毒的快速检测,根据不同质控品浓度拟合的标准曲线即可算出样品中新型冠状病毒抗原的含量,并且可以实现对于病毒含量的测算,可以更好的辅助医生对于患者的病情进行判断进行更加准确的诊断和治疗。
具体实施方式
本发明中一种新型冠状病毒检测方法,包括以下:荧光免疫层析技术是基于抗原抗体特异性免疫反应的膜检测技术,使用一个能够识别新冠病毒的特异性抗体,加上一个和病毒结合的蛋白,固定在固体表面,另外使用另外一个能够识别病毒的蛋白或者抗体,上面标记有荧光信号微球,当检测样品里面的病毒加入后,病毒会和有荧光信号的微球上面的蛋白或者抗体结合,也和固定的抗体结合,结合的量和检测样品的病毒的量成比例,经过层析或者洗脱,由免疫荧光检测仪,分光光度计,化学发光检测仪来测试光信号的强度来确定样品的病毒含量,经过数据处理后,报告结果来达到检测目的,可以实现对新型冠状病毒的快速检测;
该技术以固定有检测线(包被抗体或包被抗原)和质控线(抗抗体) 的条状纤维层析材料为固定相,测试液为流动相,荧光标记抗体或抗原固定于连接垫,通过毛细管作用使待分析物在层析条上移动,由固定在膜上特定区域的捕获抗体获取信号,由检测仪根据标记荧光微球的发射光谱检测膜上检测线处的荧光信号;
本试剂采用夹心法原理,即临床样品在流动相作用下先与荧光标记抗体结合(本试剂标记微球为时间分辨微球),通过温育后,再与膜上面检测线处包被抗体结合形成夹心的复合物,在610nm处测荧光微球发射光谱,荧光强度随着样品中新型冠状病毒抗原浓度的增加而升高,根据不同质控品浓度拟合的标准曲线即可算出样品中新型冠状病毒抗原的含量,并且可以实现对于病毒含量的测算,可以更好的辅助医生对于患者的病情进行判断进行更加准确的诊断和治疗。
ACE2(血管紧张素转换酶2)是此次新型冠状病毒感染的关键分子血管紧张素转换酶(ACE2)是肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的重要分子,也是多种人体细胞(包括肺泡上皮细胞)表面表达的重要分子之一,ACE2是SARS冠状病毒的重要功能性受体,研究发现此次的新型冠状病毒与SARS冠状病毒结构高度相似,也是与宿主细胞表面的 ACE2相互作用,从而感染宿主的上皮细胞,II型肺泡上皮细胞(AT2) 表面就有许多这种蛋白,所以当新型冠状病毒通过飞沫,随着呼吸进入肺部后,就可以通过肺泡表面的ACE2蛋白结合,然后感染人体, SARS病毒也是通过ACE2蛋白感染人体的;
抗体:指机体的免疫系统在抗原刺激下,由b淋巴细胞或记忆细胞增殖分化成的浆细胞所产生的、可与相应抗原发生特异性结合的免疫球蛋白,在细菌或者病毒进入人体时,人体的免疫系统就会产生相应的抗体来抵抗这些病原,这些抗体通常都存在于人体的血液中,和身体的免疫系统配合,一起完成保护身体的任务。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (5)
1.一种新型冠状病毒检测方法,其特征在于:荧光免疫层析技术是基于抗原抗体特异性免疫反应的膜检测技术,使用一个能够识别新冠病毒的特异性抗体,加上一个和病毒结合的蛋白,固定在固体表面,另外使用另外一个能够识别病毒的蛋白或者抗体的检验样品,上面标记有荧光信号微球;
该技术以固定有检测线(包被抗体或包被抗原)和质控线(抗抗体)的条状纤维层析材料为固定相,测试液为流动相,荧光标记抗体或抗原固定于连接垫,通过毛细管作用使待分析物在层析条上移动,由固定在膜上特定区域的捕获抗体获取信号,由检测仪根据标记荧光微球的发射光谱检测膜上检测线处的荧光信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型冠状病毒检测方法,其特征在于:所述抗体是指机体的免疫系统在抗原刺激下,由b淋巴细胞或记忆细胞增殖分化成的浆细胞所产生的、可与相应抗原发生特异性结合的免疫球蛋白。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种新型冠状病毒检测方法,其特征在于:所述检测样品里面的病毒加入后,病毒会和有荧光信号的微球上面的蛋白或者抗体结合,也和固定的抗体结合,结合的量和检测样品的病毒的量成比例,经过层析或者洗脱,由免疫荧光检测仪,分光光度计,化学发光检测仪来测试光信号的强度来确定样品的病毒含量。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种新型冠状病毒检测方法,其特征在于:所述检测样品在流动相作用下先与荧光标记抗体结合(本试剂标记微球为时间分辨微球),通过温育后,再与膜上面检测线处包被抗体结合形成夹心的复合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种新型冠状病毒检测方法,其特征在于:所述复合物在610nm处测荧光微球发射光谱,荧光强度随着样品中新型冠状病毒抗原浓度的增加而升高,根据不同质控品浓度拟合的标准曲线即可算出样品中新型冠状病毒抗原的含量。
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