CN111473934B - Building avoiding distance simulation device and simulation method for fractured zone close to strong earthquake ground surface - Google Patents
Building avoiding distance simulation device and simulation method for fractured zone close to strong earthquake ground surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN111473934B CN111473934B CN202010503199.5A CN202010503199A CN111473934B CN 111473934 B CN111473934 B CN 111473934B CN 202010503199 A CN202010503199 A CN 202010503199A CN 111473934 B CN111473934 B CN 111473934B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/027—Specimen mounting arrangements, e.g. table head adapters
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a building avoiding distance simulation device and a building avoiding distance simulation method for a zone of fracture close to a strong earthquake ground surface, wherein a bottom plate of a soil box comprises a fixed steel plate and a movable L-shaped steel plate; the movable L-shaped steel plate comprises a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, the periphery of the horizontal plate is movable and is flexibly connected with gaps on the adjacent sides of the periphery by canvas, and the vertical plate is spaced from the side wall of the soil body box; four corners of the bottom surface of the movable L-shaped steel plate are respectively fixedly connected with the upper part of the device; the bottom is fixed with a counterforce steel plate, and the counterforce steel plate is fixedly connected with the lower part of the device and the angle support; the top of the actuator is hinged with the upper part of the connecting device, and the bottom of the actuator is hinged with the lower part of the connecting device; the angle support supports the actuator at a set angle. The actuator is lifted to push the movable L-shaped steel plate to lift the soil in the soil box at a certain angle, and the influence of a real strong-earthquake ground surface fracture zone on a building is simulated. The method well simulates the real situation so as to analyze the avoidance distance of the building and give out reasonable avoidance suggestions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of earthquake tests, in particular to a building avoiding distance simulation device and a building avoiding distance simulation method for a fracture zone close to a strong earthquake surface.
Background
China is a country with multiple earthquakes and strong earthquakes, and 33% of the continent strong earthquakes worldwide occur in China. A large number of historical seismic injury examples show that sudden dislocation of an active fault is a main source for generating earthquakes, and the active fault is a region along a building, wherein the region is the most serious in building damage and casualties. The fault dislocation penetrates through the ground surface to cause displacement of an overburden layer of the fault and the fault breakage and destruction of a building on the fault, which is called as a strong earthquake ground surface breakage effect, and the strong earthquake ground surface breakage can cause serious disasters, especially in areas with dense building population and urban development. Therefore, in urban construction development planning, the avoidance of living faults by the building is an effective means.
The research on the damage mechanism of the strong earthquake ground surface fracture caused by faults and the reasonable determination of the avoidance width have important significance for ensuring the life and property safety of people and fully and reasonably utilizing urban land. At present, research means for the surface fracture effect of strong shock mainly fall into three categories: and (5) earthquake damage example analysis, model test and numerical simulation. The model test is close to the real ground surface fracture condition and is convenient for collecting data, so that the model test is a real and reliable research means. The invention provides a building avoiding distance analysis device for a fracture zone close to a strong earthquake ground surface by combining a fault dislocation model and a building model.
The conventional gravity model test device has the following problems: (1) The stable synchronization of the loading plane is difficult to ensure accurately, and the experimental precision is difficult to ensure; (2) The loading angle cannot be conveniently adjusted to realize tests under a plurality of different angle working conditions; (3) Most test devices lack a building model, and only simulate the mechanism of fracture failure to analyze it, ignoring its interaction with the building.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing test device, the invention provides the large-size and variable-angle building avoiding distance analysis device for the fracture zone of the surface of the immediate strong shock ground, which combines the fault dislocation model and the building model, and better solves the defects of the existing test device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The building avoidance distance simulation device is closely adjacent to the strong earthquake ground surface fracture zone and comprises a soil box, a base and a building model, wherein the building model comprises an upper structure and a foundation;
The side walls of the two front view boxes of the soil box are transparent surfaces, and the bottom of the soil box is arranged on the base;
The bottom plate of the soil body box comprises a fixed steel plate and a movable L-shaped steel plate; the movable L-shaped steel plate comprises a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, and the edges of the horizontal plate and the edges of the vertical plate are fixedly connected into an L-shaped structure; the periphery of the movable L-shaped steel plate horizontal plate is movable and is flexibly connected with gaps at the adjacent sides of the periphery by canvas, and a distance is reserved between the movable L-shaped steel plate vertical plate and the side wall of the soil box; four corners of the bottom surface of the movable L-shaped steel plate are respectively fixedly connected with the upper part of the device;
The base is of a frame structure, two counterforce steel plates are fixed at the bottom, and the two ends of each counterforce steel plate are fixedly connected with the lower part of the device and the angle support;
the top of the actuator is hinged with the upper part of the connecting device, and the bottom of the actuator is hinged with the lower part of the connecting device; the angle support supports the actuator at a set angle.
The angle support comprises two steel plates with bevel edges which are welded in parallel, the bevel edges are fixed with thick steel plates, the thick steel plates are provided with arc-shaped steel blocks with the radius consistent with that of the actuators, and the arc-shaped steel blocks are contacted with the actuators and support the actuators.
The simulation method of the building avoiding distance simulation device close to the strong earthquake surface fracture zone comprises the following steps of:
Clay or other soil is filled into the soil body box, compaction is carried out in layers according to the required compactness, and soil pressure gauges and accelerometer sensors are buried at different positions in the soil according to a test scheme in the process of layered soil filling; after the soil filling is completed, the foundation of the building model is buried into the soil according to a preset position, a soil pressure gauge is arranged below the foundation, strain gauges are stuck to key parts of an upper structure, and vibration pickups are arranged on each layer; placing a displacement sensor and camera equipment on the surface above the soil body;
when the test starts, the actuator is used for lifting at a set speed, and the movable L-shaped steel plate pushes the soil body until the soil body is completely broken;
collecting and recording the change data of each sensor in the soil body cracking process by using a data acquisition system; the test phenomenon was recorded with a camera to observe and analyze.
The loading angle can be changed according to the test scheme by changing the sensor type or the arrangement position or the structure type, the foundation type and the foundation burial depth position of the building model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The model has larger size, obvious test phenomenon, strong operability and repeatability, and the test result is practically consistent with the previous research and experience;
(2) The loading plane (movable L-shaped steel plate) can stably push soil under the condition that 4 actuators are synchronously lifted up by a test setting angle, and the lifting error of the loading plane is in a smaller range through on-site measurement;
(3) The loading direction of the actuator can be conveniently changed through the cooperation of the connecting device and the angle support, so that the research on the fracture development of the upper earth covering layer and the damage mechanism of the building near the fault caused by fault dislocation at different angles can be carried out.
(4) Innovating combines a fault dislocation model and a building model, and well simulates real conditions so as to analyze the avoidance distance of the building and give reasonable avoidance suggestions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a soil box according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a loading platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a connecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a base of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a support device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic of a building model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for simulating the avoidance distance of a building in close proximity to a strong earthquake ground surface fracture zone comprises a soil box 1, a base 2 and a building model, wherein the building model comprises a superstructure 10 and a foundation 11;
the side walls of the two front view boxes of the soil box 1 are transparent surfaces, and the bottom of the soil box 1 is arranged on the base 2;
the soil body box 1 is a container of soil and is a long cuboid, steel plates with the thickness of 15mm are arranged on two sides of the soil body box 1, double layers of organic glass are arranged on two front long sides, and the thickness of the organic glass is 12mm. The test phenomenon is convenient to directly observe, and the strength is ensured; the soil box 1 is fixed on the base 2 by high-strength bolts.
The bottom plate of the soil body box 1 comprises a fixed steel plate 7 and a movable L-shaped steel plate 8; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the movable L-shaped steel plate 8 comprises a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, and the edges of the horizontal plate and the edges of the vertical plate are fixedly connected into an L-shaped structure; the periphery of the horizontal plate of the movable L-shaped steel plate 8 is movable and is flexibly connected with gaps at the adjacent sides of the periphery by canvas, and the vertical plate of the movable L-shaped steel plate 8 is spaced from the side wall of the soil box 1; four corners of the bottom surface of the movable L-shaped steel plate 8 are respectively fixedly connected with the upper part 4 of the device;
The movable L-shaped steel plate 8 is made into an L shape so as to enable the soil body and the baffle plate to synchronously move in the loading process, and the vertical plate is a certain distance from the side wall of the soil body box, so that the soil body is prevented from extruding the side wall of the soil body box 1 to influence the test. The bottom of the horizontal plate of the movable L-shaped steel plate 8 is a double-layer cross beam steel plate, so that the steel plate is prevented from being deformed too much in the loading process, and synchronous and stable loading is ensured.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the base 2 has a frame structure and is a frame made of square steel of 120mm in thickness of 8 mm. Two counterforce steel plates 9 are fixed at the bottom, and the lower part 5 of the connecting device and the angle support 6 are fixed at the two ends of each counterforce steel plate 9; the reaction steel plate 9 is used for conveniently fixing the lower part 5 of the connecting device and the angle support 6 and providing reaction support for jacking the soil body.
As shown in fig. 4, the top of the actuator 3 is hinged with the upper part 4 of the connecting device, and the bottom is hinged with the lower part 5 of the connecting device; the angle support 6 supports the actuator 3 at a set angle.
The angle support 6 shown in fig. 6 comprises two steel plates with oblique edges which are welded in parallel, wherein the oblique edges are fixed with thick steel plates, arc-shaped steel blocks with the radius consistent with that of the actuators are arranged on the thick steel plates, and the arc-shaped steel blocks are contacted with the actuators 3 and support the actuators 3. Fig. 6 shows a 70 ° angle support, whereby the angle support 6 acts to control the loading direction, since the upper part 4 of the connecting means, the lower part 5 of the connecting means are all articulated with the actuator 3. The angle support is specially designed because of larger stress. The angle support 6 is formed by welding two 6mm thick steel plates in parallel, and a 2cm thick steel plate is welded on the bevel edge. In order to increase the contact area to prevent damage to the actuator, the angle support is contacted with the actuator by a circular arc steel block with the radius consistent with that of the actuator. The angle support 6 is fixedly connected with a counterforce steel plate 9.
When the angle adjustment is required, the connecting device upper part 4 is removed from the movable L-shaped steel plate 8 and the angle support 6 is removed from the counter-force steel plate 9. The bottom of the actuator is connected unchanged, the direction of the actuator is adjusted, the upper part 4 of the new connecting device and the angle support 6 are installed, and the angle adjustment can be completed.
The building model of the present embodiment is a five-layer frame structure of a strip-shaped foundation, and the foundation 11 of the building model is buried in a soil layer. The structure type, the foundation burial depth position and the like of the building model can be correspondingly adjusted according to different research purposes, and different working conditions are researched.
The movable L-shaped steel plate 8 plays roles in bearing soil and pushing the soil, the four actuators 3 are synchronously lifted, the counterforce steel plate 9 and the angle support 6 support the movable L-shaped steel plate 8 to lift the soil in the upper soil box at a certain angle, so that the lifting of the soil in the lower disc of a normal fault in earthquake is simulated, the lifting side of the soil is a lower disc, and the fixed side is an upper disc. The soil body rupture zone penetrates through the ground surface to damage the building model to a certain extent, so that the influence of the real strong-earthquake ground surface rupture zone on the building is simulated. And collecting various data in the process so as to analyze the avoiding distance of the building and give out reasonable avoiding suggestions.
The simulation method of the building avoiding distance simulation device close to the strong earthquake surface fracture zone comprises the following steps:
Clay or other soil is filled into the soil box 1, compaction is carried out in layers according to the required compactness, and soil pressure gauges and accelerometer sensors are buried at different positions in the soil according to a test scheme in the process of layered soil filling; after the soil filling is completed, a foundation 11 of the building model is buried into the soil according to a preset position, a soil pressure gauge is arranged below the foundation 11, strain gauges are stuck to key parts of an upper structure 10, and a vibration pick-up is arranged on each layer; placing a displacement sensor and camera equipment on the surface above the soil body;
At the beginning of the test, the movable L-shaped steel plate 8 pushes the soil body to be completely broken by lifting the actuator 3 at a set speed;
collecting and recording the change data of each sensor in the soil body cracking process by using a data acquisition system; the test phenomenon was recorded with a camera to observe and analyze.
The sensor type, the arrangement position, the building model structure type, the foundation type and the foundation burial depth position can be changed according to a test scheme, and the loading angle can be changed according to the requirement by the method.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to aid the reader in understanding the practice of the invention and that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (3)
1. The building avoiding distance simulation device is characterized by comprising a soil box (1), a base (2) and a building model, wherein the building model comprises an upper structure (10) and a foundation (11);
the side walls of the two front view boxes of the soil box (1) are transparent surfaces, and the bottom of the soil box (1) is arranged on the base (2);
The bottom plate of the soil body box (1) comprises a fixed steel plate (7) and a movable L-shaped steel plate (8); the movable L-shaped steel plate (8) comprises a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, and the edges of the horizontal plate and the edges of the vertical plate are fixedly connected to form an L-shaped structure; the periphery of the horizontal plate of the movable L-shaped steel plate (8) is movable and is flexibly connected with gaps on the adjacent sides of the periphery by canvas, and the vertical plate of the movable L-shaped steel plate (8) is spaced from the side wall of the soil body box (1); four corners of the bottom surface of the movable L-shaped steel plate (8) are respectively fixedly connected with the upper part (4) of the device;
The base (2) is of a frame structure, two counterforce steel plates (9) are fixed at the bottom, and the two ends of each counterforce steel plate (9) are fixedly connected with the lower part (5) of the device and the angle support (6);
the top of the actuator (3) is hinged with the upper part (4) of the connecting device, and the bottom is hinged with the lower part (5) of the connecting device; the angle support (6) supports the actuator (3) at a set angle;
The angle support (6) comprises two steel plates with oblique edges which are welded in parallel, the oblique edges are fixed with thick steel plates, arc-shaped steel blocks with the radius consistent with that of the actuators are arranged on the thick steel plates, and the arc-shaped steel blocks are contacted with the actuators (3) and support the actuators (3).
2. The simulation method of the building avoiding distance simulation device for the fractured zone in close proximity to the strong earthquake surface according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
Clay or other soil is filled into the soil box (1), compaction is carried out in layers according to the required compactness, and soil pressure gauges and accelerometer sensors are buried at different positions in the soil according to a test scheme in the process of layered soil filling; after the soil filling is completed, a foundation (11) of the building model is buried into the soil according to a preset position, a soil pressure gauge is arranged below the foundation (11), strain gauges are adhered to key parts of an upper structure (10), and vibration pickups are arranged on each layer; placing a displacement sensor and camera equipment on the surface above the soil body;
When the test starts, the actuator (3) is used for lifting at a set speed, and the movable L-shaped steel plate (8) pushes the soil body until the soil body is completely broken;
collecting and recording the change data of each sensor in the soil body cracking process by using a data acquisition system; the test phenomenon was recorded with a camera to observe and analyze.
3. The simulation method of the building avoiding distance simulation device for the fractured zone close to the strong earthquake ground surface according to claim 2, wherein the type or arrangement position of the sensor is changed according to a test scheme, or the type of a building model structure, the type of a foundation, the position of a foundation burial depth are changed, and the loading angle can be changed.
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| CN202010503199.5A CN111473934B (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2020-06-05 | Building avoiding distance simulation device and simulation method for fractured zone close to strong earthquake ground surface |
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| CN202010503199.5A CN111473934B (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2020-06-05 | Building avoiding distance simulation device and simulation method for fractured zone close to strong earthquake ground surface |
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| JP2001108573A (en) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-20 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Earthquake motion simulating method |
| JP2012202909A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-22 | Taisei Corp | Excitation experiment method for connection part of two buildings |
| CN106875804A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-06-20 | 浙江大学 | A kind of experimental rig and method for simulating the positive reverse fault movement of Rock And Soil |
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