CN115436167A - Operating tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Operating tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115436167A CN115436167A CN202210933662.9A CN202210933662A CN115436167A CN 115436167 A CN115436167 A CN 115436167A CN 202210933662 A CN202210933662 A CN 202210933662A CN 115436167 A CN115436167 A CN 115436167A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test device and a method for operating tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction, which belong to the technical research field of tunnel and underground engineering long-term operation and maintenance safety control, and comprise a model test box body and a constant-pressure loading device, wherein the constant-pressure loading device comprises a loading frame and a force application mechanism, the model test box body is positioned in the loading frame, the force application mechanism comprises an upper force application mechanism and a side force application mechanism, the upper force application mechanism comprises an upper lifter, a first lead screw and an upper pressing plate, the upper lifter is connected with the first lead screw, and the end part of the first lead screw is connected with the upper pressing plate; the side force application mechanism comprises a side lifter, a second lead screw and a side pressing plate, the side lifter is connected with the second lead screw, and the end part of the second lead screw is connected with the side pressing plate. The device can simulate different surrounding rock characteristics and ground stress characteristics, fully considers the timeliness rule of the surrounding rock-lining interaction change, and truly reflects the stress and deformation change conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock-lining structure under the long-term loading condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of long-term operation and maintenance safety control theory and technical research of tunnels and underground engineering, and particularly relates to a simulation test device and method for long-term interaction of surrounding rock and lining of an operating tunnel.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the increase of the scale and the number of the construction of the tunnel and the underground engineering, a large number of tunnels are put into operation in the fields of highways, railways, municipal works and the like. In the operation process of the tunnel, the surrounding rocks and the lining structure have a complex interaction mode and become key factors influencing the long-term safety of the tunnel structure. Under the effect of environmental load, the surrounding rock generates a creep effect, so that the surrounding rock pressure borne by the lining structure is continuously increased, and the problems of lining deformation, cracking, even failure and the like are caused. On the other hand, the deformation and damage of the lining structure can influence the stress deformation state of the surrounding rock, so that the surrounding rock-lining interaction mode is changed. Therefore, a surrounding rock-lining structure interaction mechanism under the creep influence is considered in research, and theoretical and technical guidance can be provided for long-term service state judgment and disaster prevention and control of the operation tunnel.
The model test is an important research means widely adopted in the field of tunnels and underground engineering, and can provide basic data support for theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. However, most of the existing tunnel model test methods separately study the surrounding rock and the tunnel structure, and study on the surrounding rock-lining interaction also lacks consideration on long-term service performance. In addition, the existing tunnel model test device has the problems of large volume, complex operation, poor loading flexibility and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for simulating the long-term interaction of surrounding rock and lining of an operating tunnel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device for an operating tunnel, which comprises a model test box body and a constant pressure loading device, wherein the constant pressure loading device comprises a loading frame and a force application mechanism, the model test box body is positioned in the loading frame, the force application mechanism comprises an upper force application mechanism and a side force application mechanism, the upper force application mechanism comprises an upper lifter, a first lead screw and an upper pressing plate, the upper lifter is connected with the first lead screw to drive the upper lifter to vertically move, and the end part of the first lead screw is connected with the upper pressing plate; the side force application mechanism comprises a side lifter, a second lead screw and a side pressing plate, the side lifter is connected with the second lead screw to drive the side lifter to horizontally move, and the end part of the second lead screw is connected with the side pressing plate.
As a further technical solution, the upper elevator is fixed on top of the loading frame.
As a further technical solution, the side lifter is fixed to the loading frame side.
As a further technical scheme, the force measuring mechanism comprises an upper sensor, the upper sensor is fixed between the tail end of the first lead screw and the upper pressure plate, and the upper sensor is connected with the control unit.
As a further technical scheme, the force measuring mechanism further comprises a side sensor, the side sensor is fixed between the tail end of the second screw rod and the side pressing plate, and the side sensor is connected with the control unit.
As a further technical scheme, the model test box body comprises a bottom wall, a right side wall, a rear side wall and a front side wall which are connected into the box body, the front side wall is fixedly connected to the bottom wall in a detachable mode, the upper pressure plate is arranged at the top of the model test box body, and the side pressure plates are arranged at the side parts of the model test box body.
As further technical scheme, preceding lateral wall sets up and is used for observing the inside observation subassembly of model test box, observes the subassembly and includes transparent ya keli board, and in transparent ya keli board was fixed in the installation frame, the installation frame can be dismantled with the diapire and be connected.
As a further technical scheme, the loading frame comprises two groups of opposite upright posts and a base plate, the base plate is connected between the two groups of upright posts, a connecting piece I is arranged between the upper parts of the upright posts, and a connecting piece II used for supporting is arranged between the lower parts of the upright posts.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a test method for operating the tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device, which comprises the following steps:
assembling a model test box body, filling the model test box body, arranging monitoring elements, and pre-burying a tunnel lining structure;
after the filler reaches a set height, fixing the front side wall on the bottom wall, combining the test box bodies, and adjusting the upper pressure plate to the top position of the filler;
after the integral laying of the model is finished, entering an integral maintenance stage of the model;
after the integral maintenance of the model is completed, a force application mechanism is used for performing a constant-pressure loading test, test data are obtained after the test is completed, and the data are analyzed, so that the stress and deformation change conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock-lining structure under the long-term loading condition are obtained.
As a further technical scheme, the size and the position of the reserved aperture of the front side wall transparent acrylic plate are determined according to the shape of the section of the tunnel and the similarity ratio selected in the test, and the reserved aperture is formed in the transparent acrylic plate.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the test device, a fixed boundary is arranged on one side, and the elevator is horizontally arranged on the other side for loading, so that simulation of different side pressure coefficients can be realized, and vertical ground stress is simulated by loading through the elevator in the vertical direction; by arranging the force application mechanism, different surrounding rock characteristics and ground stress characteristics can be simulated, a long-term pressure stabilization loading mode is realized on the surrounding rock-lining structure, and the timeliness rule of the interaction change of the surrounding rock-lining can be researched, so that the stress and deformation change conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock-lining structure under the long-term loading condition can be truly reflected, and the interaction process of the tunnel surrounding rock-lining structure under the condition of considering the creep influence can be simulated.
The test device adopts the elevator to pressurize, and the elevator is controlled by the motor servo to keep constant pressure, so that long-term service state simulation and long-term pressure stabilization loading can be realized on the surrounding rock-lining structure, and the interaction process of the tunnel surrounding rock-lining structure under the long-term influence can be simulated.
According to the testing device, the mounting frame and the transparent acrylic plate fixed in the mounting frame are arranged on the front side wall, the mounting frame is detachably connected to the bottom wall of the model testing box body through bolts, the mounting and dismounting are convenient, the filling of testing materials and the arrangement of equipment are convenient, the aperture convenient for the arrangement of the equipment in the tunnel is reserved on the transparent acrylic plate, and the testing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the test device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the model test case and the loading frame of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the force applying mechanism of the present invention;
in the figure: the mutual spacing or size is exaggerated to show the position of each part, and the schematic diagram is only used for illustration;
wherein, 1, a screw rod; 2. an upper elevator; 3. a cross beam; 4. an upper sensor; 5. an upper pressure plate; 6. a frame; 7. side pressing plates; 8. a side sensor; 9. a side lifter; 10. a lead screw; 11. acrylic plates; 12. a base plate; 13. a column; 14. a motor; 15. an electric motor.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
In a typical embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, a simulation test device for operating tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction is provided, which comprises a model test box body and a constant pressure loading device for simulating soil layer applied pressure, wherein the model test box body comprises a bottom wall, a right side wall, a rear side wall, a front side wall fixedly connected to the bottom wall in a detachable manner, and an observation assembly for observing the interior of the model test box body, and the observation assembly is arranged on the front side wall; the constant-pressure loading device comprises a loading frame, force application mechanisms and force measuring mechanisms, the model test box body is located in the loading frame, and the two groups of force application mechanisms and the two groups of force measuring mechanisms are arranged on the upper portion and the left side portion of the loading frame respectively.
In this embodiment, the right side wall of model test box, the trilateral structure that the front flank is open is enclosed with side pressure board 7 to the back lateral wall, the preceding lateral wall passes through bolt fixed connection with right side wall and diapire with detachable mode, so that pack the model material to the model test box in vivo, mutual fixed connection between right side wall and the back lateral wall, biasing mechanism's side pressure board 7 forms the left side wall of model test box, the right side wall and the back lateral wall of this embodiment pass through bolt fixed connection between separately and the diapire, the preceding lateral wall is as the detachable part, easy dismounting, make things convenient for the packing of test material and the arrangement of equipment.
In this embodiment, the bottom wall is formed of a single steel plate; the side pressing plate consists of a whole steel plate and is connected with the side force application mechanism; the rear side wall and the right side wall are both composed of a whole steel plate, an angle steel connecting piece is welded at the joint of the rear side wall and the right side wall steel plate, a connecting screw hole is formed in the angle steel connecting piece, the two steel plates are fixedly spliced to form the two side walls, and the thickness of the bottom steel plate is larger than those of the rear side wall steel plate and the right side wall steel plate so as to improve the overall bearing strength; the steel frame with four crossed edges and opposite angles is arranged outside the steel plate forming the rear side wall; the front side wall consists of steel frames and transparent acrylic plates 11, four edges of the steel frames and opposite angles of the steel frames are crossed, and the steel frames are welded with each other, so that the restraint capability of the side wall on the die-type material in the test process is improved; the fixed rear side wall and the right side wall are fixedly connected with the test box frame through bolts, and the steel plate of the front side wall is a detachable part.
The model test box is filled with filler, and monitoring elements are arranged in the filler. The monitoring element arranged during filling is mainly a precise soil pressure box for monitoring the contact pressure between the lining and the soil body and the internal pressure of the surrounding rock. Besides using the monitoring element, resistance strain gauges are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the tunnel structure, strain values on the inner side and the outer side are tested, and the internal force of the section of the tunnel structure is calculated after the strain on the inner side and the outer side is obtained; and arranging a displacement sensor on the inner side of the tunnel to monitor the radial displacement of the tunnel.
In this embodiment, the transparent acrylic plate 11 of preceding lateral wall forms promptly and observes the subassembly, and in acrylic plate 11 was fixed in installation frame 6, installation frame 6 passed through the bolt with detachable mode fixed connection on the diapire of model test box, the observation of the installation of the packing of convenient test material, equipment, experiment. When the device is used, the size of the section of the tunnel in the model is obtained according to the similarity principle, and holes with the same size can be reserved at the corresponding positions of the transparent acrylic plates, so that the device is convenient to place a test instrument, and the test efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, the size of the internal space of the model test box is 1.25 mx 0.3m, and the volume is small, thereby being convenient for the test personnel to carry.
The loading frame comprises stand columns 13, a bottom plate 12 and connecting pieces, the stand columns are arranged in two groups, a left stand column is arranged on the outer side of a left side wall, a right stand column is arranged on the outer side of the right side wall of the test box body and is attached to the right side wall, each group of stand columns is one, the cross section of each stand column is I-shaped, one connecting piece I is fixedly connected between the upper portions of the stand columns on each side in the two groups of stand columns, the lower portions of the stand columns in each group are connected with the bottom plate 12 through bolts, and one connecting piece II is fixedly connected between the lower portions of the stand columns on each side in the two groups of stand columns and used for supporting. The model test box body can be stably fixed on the bottom plate 12, the model test box body is fixed, and the stability of the model test box body is guaranteed.
The connecting piece is a right-angle isosceles triangle steel plate, two waists of the I triangular steel plate of the connecting piece are welded with the stand column and the cross beam respectively, two waists of the II triangular steel plate of the connecting piece are welded with the stand column and the bottom plate respectively, and the connecting piece is small in size and used for fixing the test box body.
In this embodiment, the bottom plate 12 is fixedly connected to the upright 13 by bolts, and a plurality of bolt holes are provided at both ends of the bottom plate 12 at intervals in the transverse direction, respectively, so that the front side wall is stably fixed to the bottom plate 12.
The lower ends of the two groups of upright columns 13 are fixed on a supporting steel plate fixed on the bottom plate 12, so that the upright columns 13 are positioned on the same plane to ensure the verticality and the stability of the upright columns 13.
Force application mechanism sets up two sets ofly, including upper portion force application mechanism and lateral part force application mechanism, wherein, upper portion force application mechanism is including the lead screw 1 that from top to bottom sets gradually, upper portion lift 2, crossbeam 3, top board 5, upper portion lift 2 welded fastening is in crossbeam 3 top, crossbeam 3 is fixed in the stand 13 top, upper portion lift 2 and motor 14 are connected, lead screw 1 tip is connected with top board 5, upper portion lift 2 and screw connection, it reciprocates to drive the lead screw, and then drive the top board and remove in order to laminate model test box top, apply power for model test box top by the top board. When the model test box is specifically arranged, the motor can adopt a servo motor, loading pressure is set on an external control unit according to a test scheme, and the servo motor is used for accurately controlling the elevator to apply and keep constant pressure to the model test box through the upper pressure plate.
In the embodiment, the side force application mechanism is arranged on the left side, but can also be arranged on the right side according to the adjustment of the model test box body; the side force application mechanism comprises a lead screw 10, a side lifter 9 and a side pressing plate 7 which are sequentially arranged from left to right, the side lifter 9 is welded and fixed on the left side of the left upright post, the side lifter 9 is connected with a motor 15, the end part of the lead screw 10 is connected with the side pressing plate 7, the side lifter 9 is connected with the lead screw to drive the lead screw to move left and right, the side pressing plate is further driven to move so as to be attached to the side part of the model test box body, and force is applied to the side part of the model test box body by the side pressing plate. When the test device is specifically arranged, the motor can adopt a servo motor, the external control unit is provided with loading pressure according to a test scheme, and the servo motor is used for accurately controlling the elevator to apply and maintain constant pressure to the model test box body through the side pressure plate.
Because the simultaneous loading of the two sides of the model box body in the horizontal direction is not easy to realize synchronous constant pressure maintaining, a fixed boundary is arranged on the right side of the model box body in the horizontal direction, a lateral lifter is arranged in the horizontal direction on the left side for loading, the simulation of lateral pressure coefficients of different sides can be realized, and the vertical direction is also used for loading through the lifter to simulate vertical ground stress. By arranging the force application mechanism, different surrounding rock characteristics and different ground stress characteristics can be simulated.
The force measuring mechanism comprises sensors and a control unit, wherein an upper sensor 4 is fixed between the tail end of an upper lead screw 1 and the center of the top of an upper pressing plate 5, a side sensor 8 is fixed between the tail end of a left lead screw 10 and the center of the left side face of a side pressing plate 7, the control unit is connected with the two sensors and is externally connected with the testing device.
The device has the advantages of convenient assembly and disassembly and rapid operation, and has important significance for the long-term service performance research of the tunnel in the operation period.
Based on the model test device, the invention also provides an operation method for operating the tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device, which can simulate the long-term interaction of the tunnel surrounding rock-lining structure; the method comprises the following steps:
A. when the device is used, the size and the position of the reserved aperture of the transparent acrylic plate 11 on the front side wall for observing the interior of the model test box body are determined according to the section shape of the tunnel and the similarity ratio selected by the test, so that a data line of a monitoring element in the tunnel is led out from the reserved aperture, the side pressure plate 7 is adjusted to form a box body with three closed sides with the rear side wall and the right side wall, and the primary assembly of the model test box body is completed;
B. after the model test box bodies are assembled, filling the model test box bodies, laying the filling materials in layers, compacting the filling materials by using a compaction hammer, arranging test monitoring elements according to a test scheme in the filling process, pre-burying a tunnel lining structure according to test requirements after filling the filling materials to a certain height, and then carrying out subsequent filling, monitoring element arrangement and the like after the test monitoring elements in the tunnel are arranged;
C. after the landfill material reaches the height required by the test, fixing the front side wall on the bottom wall through bolts, combining the test box body, and adjusting the upper pressure plate 5 to the top position of the filler;
D. after the integral laying of the model is finished, entering a model integral maintenance stage, and ventilating and maintaining the model indoors;
E. and finally, after the integral maintenance of the model is finished, a loading system is used for carrying out a constant-pressure loading test according to a set test scheme, test data are obtained after the test is finished, and the data are analyzed so as to obtain the stress and deformation change conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock-lining structure under the long-term loading condition.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A simulation test device for long-term interaction of surrounding rock and lining of an operating tunnel is characterized by comprising a model test box body and a constant-pressure loading device, wherein the constant-pressure loading device comprises a loading frame and a force application mechanism, the model test box body is positioned in the loading frame, the force application mechanism comprises an upper force application mechanism and a lateral force application mechanism, the upper force application mechanism comprises an upper lifter, a first lead screw and an upper pressing plate, the upper lifter is connected with the first lead screw to drive the first lead screw to vertically move, and the end part of the first lead screw is connected with the upper pressing plate; the side force application mechanism comprises a side lifter, a second lead screw and a side pressing plate, the side lifter is connected with the second lead screw to drive the side lifter to move horizontally, and the end part of the second lead screw is connected with the side pressing plate.
2. The operational tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the upper elevator is fixed to a top of the loading frame.
3. The operational tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the side lifter is fixed to a side of the loading frame.
4. The operating tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device as recited in claim 1, wherein the force measuring mechanism includes an upper sensor, the upper sensor is fixed between a terminal end of the first lead screw and the upper press plate, and the upper sensor is connected to the control unit.
5. The operational tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the force measuring mechanism further comprises a side sensor, the side sensor is fixed between the tail end of the second screw rod and the side pressure plate, and the side sensor is connected with the control unit.
6. The operational tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the model test box body comprises a bottom wall, a right side wall, a rear side wall and a front side wall which are connected to form the box body, the front side wall is fixedly connected to the bottom wall in a detachable mode, the upper pressing plate is arranged at the top of the model test box body, and the side pressing plates are arranged at the side parts of the model test box body.
7. The operational tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device of claim 6, wherein the front side wall is provided with an observation assembly for observing the interior of the model test box body, the observation assembly comprises a transparent acrylic plate, the transparent acrylic plate is fixed in an installation frame, and the installation frame is detachably connected with the bottom wall.
8. The operational tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the loading frame comprises two sets of opposite vertical columns and a bottom plate, the bottom plate is connected between the two sets of vertical columns, a connecting piece I is arranged between the upper portions of the vertical columns, and a connecting piece II for supporting is arranged between the lower portions of the vertical columns.
9. The testing method for operating a tunnel surrounding rock-lining long-term interaction simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
assembling a model test box body, filling the model test box body, arranging monitoring elements, and pre-burying a tunnel lining structure;
after the filler reaches a set height, fixing the front side wall on the bottom wall, combining the test box bodies, and adjusting the upper pressure plate to the top position of the filler;
after the integral laying of the model is finished, entering an integral maintenance stage of the model;
after the integral maintenance of the model is completed, a force application mechanism is used for performing a constant-pressure loading test, test data are obtained after the test is completed, and the data are analyzed, so that the stress and deformation change conditions of the tunnel surrounding rock-lining structure under the long-term loading condition are obtained.
10. The test method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the size and position of the reserved aperture of the transparent acrylic plate of the front side wall are determined according to the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel and the similarity ratio selected in the test, and the reserved aperture is provided in the transparent acrylic plate.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117554144A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Tunnel physical model test device |
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