CN111466497A - Zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5-8% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 5-6% of hermetia illucens powder, 8-12% of chicken powder, 2-5% of blood cell protein powder, 8-12% of fermented soybean meal, 8-12% of soybean protein concentrate, 5-8% of corn protein powder, 8-12% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 12-16% of high gluten flour, 6-10% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 8-10% of rice bran, 1.5-2.5% of fish oil, 1.5-2.5% of soybean oil, 1.5-2% of monocalcium phosphate and 1.5-2.5% of vitamin mineral salt premix, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%. The zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed disclosed by the invention is good in food calling property, high in digestibility, strong in antiviral ability, green and environment-friendly, and the fed litopenaeus vannamei has the advantages of natural body color, strong disease resistance and the like.

Description

Zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a litopenaeus vannamei feed, in particular to a zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Litopenaeus vannamei belongs to the order of the order decapod, the family of Penaeidae, the genus Penaeus. The method is a main prawn breeding variety in China, and the annual breeding amount exceeds 100 million tons. The feed has high meat content, fine muscles and low fat, is popular with consumers, and the culture area and the yield of the feed are increased year by year.

The main protein source of the existing commercial compound feed for the litopenaeus vannamei is imported fish meal, which is in short supply and high in price, and seriously influences the economic benefit and development of the litopenaeus vannamei industry. In view of the resource amount, availability and the like, most of proteins used for replacing fish meal come from non-animal protein sources such as leguminous plants, oil crops, cereal proteins and the like, but a single plant protein source has the problems of poor palatability, unbalanced amino acid, anti-nutritional factors and the like. How to develop a new protein source capable of replacing fish meal, ensure the feed quality and be beneficial to the growth of litopenaeus vannamei is an urgent problem in the breeding industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a complete fermented feed capable of effectively improving the quality of Landaise goose livers.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for improving the quality of the Landaise goose liver.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5-8% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 5-6% of hermetia illucens powder, 8-12% of chicken powder, 2-5% of blood cell protein powder, 8-12% of fermented soybean meal, 8-12% of soybean protein concentrate, 5-8% of corn protein powder, 8-12% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 12-16% of high gluten flour, 6-10% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 8-10% of rice bran, 1.5-2.5% of fish oil, 1.5-2.5% of soybean oil, 1.5-2% of monocalcium phosphate and 1.5-2.5% of vitamin mineral salt premix, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%.

Preferably, the zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 5% of hermetia illucens powder, 9% of chicken powder, 3% of blood cell protein powder, 10% of fermented soybean meal, 12% of soybean protein concentrate, 6% of corn protein powder, 10% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 14% of high gluten flour, 8% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 10% of rice bran, 2% of fish oil, 2% of soybean oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of vitamin mineral salt premix.

Preferably, the zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 6% of hermetia illucens powder, 12% of chicken powder, 2% of blood cell protein powder, 8% of fermented soybean meal, 10% of soybean protein concentrate, 8% of corn protein powder, 8% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 16% of high gluten flour, 6% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 8% of rice bran, 2.5% of fish oil, 2.5% of soybean oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate and 1.5% of vitamin mineral salt premix.

Preferably, in the zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed, each 100kg of the vitamin mineral salt premix comprises the following components: 1500-550 g of vitamin B, 21326-1600 g of vitamin B, 6300-330 g of vitamin B, 350-500 g of calcium pantothenate, 150-200 g of nicotinic acid, 16-18 g of biotin, 2000-2500 g of inositol, 40-60 g of folic acid, 121-2 g of vitamin B, 5800-6300 g of vitamin C, 350-450 g of vitamin A, 55-80 g of vitamin D, 950-1100 g of vitamin E, 40-60 g of vitamin K, 4-6 g of potassium iodide, 200-250 g of zinc sulfate, 4-6 g of sodium selenate, 250-350 g of manganese sulfate, 3000-3500 g of ferrous sulfate, 60-80 g of copper sulfate, 4500-5000 g of magnesium sulfate, 50-70 g of cobalt chloride and 77-80 kg of crude rice bran.

On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei feed without fish meal, which comprises the following steps:

s1, uniformly mixing the raw material components except the fish oil and the soybean oil, mixing the fish oil and the soybean oil, and crushing the mixture until the mixture can pass through a sieve of 80-100 meshes;

s2, introducing water vapor which accounts for 15% of the total weight of the raw material components and is at the temperature of 90-100 ℃ for modulation for 6-7 minutes, and then granulating at the temperature of 95-100 ℃;

and S3, granulating, drying and cooling to obtain the finished product.

The components of the feed have synergistic and complementary effects, the feed coefficient of the compound feed is low, the feeding attraction is good, and the specific growth rate and survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei fed with the compound feed are higher than those of the litopenaeus vannamei fed with the conventional feed.

The crude protein content of the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed is 40-42%, and the crude fat content is 9-10%. The feed is designed aiming at the nutritional requirements of the litopenaeus vannamei, can meet the nutritional requirements of the rapid growth of the litopenaeus vannamei under various breeding modes, and has low feed coefficient.

The invention uses clostridium ethanolate protein, and the raw material is high-quality mycoprotein produced by clostridium ethanolate by using carbon monoxide as a unique carbon source and energy while synthesizing ethanol. The raw material has the crude protein up to 80 percent, is rich in 18 amino acids, has the lysine up to 7.5 percent and the pepsin digestibility up to 90.2 percent, and is an ideal product for replacing fish meal.

The feed disclosed by the invention uses the hermetia illucens powder as a novel feed raw material for hermetia illucens larvae, which is produced by taking residual catering baits as raw materials and carrying out an intensive environment-controllable modern process. The protein content is more than 40%, and the fat content is more than 30%. The fish meal fish powder has essential amino acids similar to fish meal, rich unsaturated fatty acid content, rich calcium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese and other trace elements, and rich bioactive matters, such as antibiotic peptide, chitosan, chitin and the like. Comprehensive and balanced nutrient substances, high absorption and conversion rate, palatability and high utilization rate.

The invention uses the enzymolysis fish soluble paste which is a by-product in the production of fish meal, is mainly rich in beneficial components such as oligopeptide, amino acid, taurine, mineral substances and the like, retains the specific unknown growth factors of the fish meal, has strong food calling and growth promoting effects on aquaculture animals, is a good high-quality animal protein source, can reduce the waste of feed in water, improves the ingestion rate and solves the problem of difficult feed addition of a low fish meal formula.

The invention uses pet-grade chicken powder, which is a high-quality animal protein source. It has high digestibility and low fat content, and is a high-quality animal feeding promoting material.

The invention also uses the compound vegetable protein such as soybean protein concentrate, dephenolized cottonseed protein, corn protein powder, fermented soybean meal and the like, so that the anti-nutritional factor component is greatly reduced, the amino acid balance is better, and the digestion and absorption of the fish body are easier to promote.

Compared with the prior art, the feed for the litopenaeus vannamei adopts animal protein sources such as clostridium ethanolate protein, hermetia illucens powder, enzymolysis fish soluble paste, chicken powder and the like which have wide resources to completely replace fish meal, can obviously reduce the formula cost of the feed for the litopenaeus vannamei, improves the economic benefit of farmers, is a green and environment-friendly raw material, and is particularly a byproduct of tail gas treatment of steel enterprises, thereby being beneficial to environmental protection. The feed for the litopenaeus vannamei prepared by the invention has the advantages of good food calling property, high digestibility, strong antiviral ability, environmental protection, natural body color, strong disease resistance and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the results of the challenge experiment using Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the instruments or reagents used in the examples are conventional reagents or instruments in the art, and are conventional products available on the market. Unless otherwise stated, the specific experimental procedures mentioned herein are understood or known by those skilled in the art based on common general knowledge or conventional technical means, and are not described in detail. For the sake of brevity, the parameters of the procedures, steps and equipment used are not described in detail in part of the procedures, it being understood that these are well known to those skilled in the art and are reproducible.

Example 1

A zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 5% of hermetia illucens powder, 9% of chicken powder, 3% of blood cell protein powder, 10% of fermented soybean meal, 12% of soybean protein concentrate, 6% of corn protein powder, 10% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 14% of high gluten flour, 8% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 10% of rice bran, 2% of fish oil, 2% of soybean oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of vitamin mineral salt premix.

Every 100kg of the vitamin mineral salt premix comprises the following components by mass: vitamin B1500 g, vitamin B21500 g, vitamin B6330 g, calcium pantothenate 450g, nicotinic acid 150g, biotin 18g, inositol 2200g, folic acid 50g, vitamin B121 g, vitamin C6300 g, vitamin A363 g, vitamin D60 g, vitamin E1028 g, vitamin K50 g, potassium iodide 6g, zinc sulfate 210g, sodium selenate 6g, manganese sulfate 250g, ferrous sulfate 3500g, copper sulfate 70g, magnesium sulfate 4900g, cobalt chloride 58g, and crude rice bran 78 kg.

Example 2

A zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 6% of hermetia illucens powder, 12% of chicken powder, 2% of blood cell protein powder, 8% of fermented soybean meal, 10% of soybean protein concentrate, 8% of corn protein powder, 8% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 16% of high gluten flour, 6% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 8% of rice bran, 2.5% of fish oil, 2.5% of soybean oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate and 1.5% of vitamin mineral salt premix.

Every 100kg of the vitamin mineral salt premix comprises the following components by mass: vitamin B1500 g, vitamin B21326 g, vitamin B6300 g, calcium pantothenate 350g, nicotinic acid 200g, biotin 18g, inositol 2000g, folic acid 40g, vitamin B121 g, vitamin C5800 g, vitamin A350 g, vitamin D55 g, vitamin E950 g, vitamin K40 g, potassium iodide 6g, zinc sulfate 200g, sodium selenate 4g, manganese sulfate 250g, ferrous sulfate 3000g, copper sulfate 60g, magnesium sulfate 4500g, cobalt chloride 50g, and crude rice bran 80 kg.

Example 3

A zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 6% of hermetia illucens powder, 8% of chicken powder, 5% of blood cell protein powder, 12% of fermented soybean meal, 8% of soybean protein concentrate, 5% of corn protein powder, 12% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 12% of strong flour, 10% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 9% of rice bran, 1.5% of fish oil, 1.5% of soybean oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate and 2.5% of vitamin mineral salt premix.

Every 100kg of the vitamin mineral salt premix comprises the following components by mass: vitamin B1550 g, vitamin B21600 g, vitamin B6322 g, calcium pantothenate 500g, nicotinic acid 200g, biotin 16g, inositol 2500g, folic acid 60g, vitamin B122 g, vitamin C6300 g, vitamin A450 g, vitamin D80 g, vitamin E1100 g, vitamin K60 g, potassium iodide 4g, zinc sulfate 250g, sodium selenate 6g, manganese sulfate 350g, ferrous sulfate 3500g, copper sulfate 80g, magnesium sulfate 5000g, cobalt chloride 70g and crude rice bran 77 kg.

The preparation method of the expanded feed of the above embodiments 1 to 3 includes the following specific steps:

s1, weighing the raw material components according to the proportion, and firstly crushing the components with larger particles;

s2, mixing the raw material components (except the fish oil and the soybean oil) in a mixer for 60-120 seconds, and then mixing and adding the fish oil and the soybean oil;

s3, crushing the uniformly mixed raw material components by using an ultrafine crusher, so that all the components can pass through a sieve of 80-100 meshes;

s4, introducing water vapor which accounts for 15% of the total weight of the components and is at a temperature of 90-100 ℃ into the crushed material in a modulator to modulate the crushed material for 6-7 minutes, and then feeding the raw material into a granulator to granulate at a temperature of 95-100 ℃;

s5, drying after granulating, cooling, sieving, packaging and bagging.

Experimental example 1

The experiment lasts for 70 days, and a test is carried out in the Hengxing 863 test base of east island of Zhanjiang province in Guangdong province, and a breeding contrast test is carried out by using the zero-fish-meal litopenaeus vannamei compound feed provided by the embodiments 1-3 of the invention and a commercially available common litopenaeus vannamei feed. 2 culture ponds (the pond area is 1000 m) are respectively taken from the test group and the common control group (commercial common litopenaeus vannamei feed)²) Density of 150 tail/m²Feeding 2 meals every day and feeding quantitatively.

The experimental groups 1 to 3 respectively adopt the compound feeds obtained in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention.

The compound feed of the control group comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25% of steam premium grade fish meal, 3% of chicken meal, 2% of globulin powder, 2% of cuttlefish paste, 10% of soybean protein concentrate, 22% of soybean meal, 5% of corn protein powder, 20% of flour, 2.5% of refined fish oil, 2.5% of soybean oil, 2% of soybean phospholipid oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of vitamin mineral salt premix. The content of crude protein and crude fat in the feed of the common control group are 41.5% and 10%, respectively.

The initial weight, the final weight, the fullness, the weight gain, the feed coefficient and the survival rate of the litopenaeus vannamei in the test group and the common control group are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1.

Table 1: comparing the initial weight, final weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, feed coefficient and survival rate of each group of litopenaeus vannamei

N represents the number of samples taken.

As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the feed for Litopenaeus vannamei with zero fish meal provided in examples 1-3 of the present invention has significant advantages in weight gain, fullness, feed coefficient and survival rate.

Experimental example 2

Test of antioxidant Effect

The test time lasts 90 days, and the test base is Hengxing 863 on east island of Zhanjiang province, Guangdong provinceIn the experiment, the breeding contrast experiment is carried out by using the compound feed of the litopenaeus vannamei without fish meal provided by the embodiments 1-3 and the commercial common litopenaeus vannamei feed. 2 aquaculture ponds (pond area 1000 m) are respectively taken from the experimental group and the common control group²) Density of 150 tail/m²Feeding 2 meals every day and feeding quantitatively.

The experimental groups 1 to 3 respectively adopt the compound feeds obtained in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention.

The compound feed of the control group comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 23% of steam premium grade fish meal, 5% of chicken meal, 2% of globulin powder, 2% of cuttlefish paste, 8% of soybean protein concentrate, 22% of soybean meal, 6% of corn protein powder, 21% of flour, 2.5% of refined fish oil, 2.5% of soybean oil, 2% of soybean phospholipid oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of vitamin and mineral salt premix. The content of crude protein and crude fat in the feed of the common control group are 41.5% and 10%, respectively.

The biochemical indexes of the litopenaeus vannamei in the experimental groups 1-3 and the common control group, such as serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide synthase, total antioxidant capacity, alkaline phosphatase and the like, are respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 2.

Table 2: serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide synthetase, total antioxidant capacity, and alkaline phosphatase results of each group of litopenaeus vannamei

N represents the number of samples taken.

The oxidation injury and the health condition of the prawn body are shown by serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide synthetase and total oxidation resistance. As can be seen from the results in Table 2, when the feed for Litopenaeus vannamei with zero fish meal provided by the embodiments 1-3 of the invention is ingested, the malondialdehyde is remarkably reduced by 17-27%, and the total antioxidant capacity is remarkably improved by 18-28%.

Experimental example 3

Challenge test

The experiment time lasts 8 days, the experiment is carried out in the Hengxing 863 test base of east island of Zhanjiang province of Guangdong province, and the zero-fish-meal litopenaeus vannamei provided by the embodiments 1-3 of the invention is used for matching with the feedThe experimental group and the common control group respectively take 3 culture barrels (the volume of the barrels is 180L) and the density is 50 tails/m²Feeding 2 meals every day and feeding quantitatively.

The experimental groups 1 to 3 respectively adopt the compound feeds obtained in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention.

The compound feed of the control group comprises the following components in parts by weight: 23% of steam premium grade fish meal, 5% of chicken meal, 2% of globulin powder, 2% of cuttlefish paste, 8% of soybean protein concentrate, 22% of soybean meal, 6% of corn protein powder, 21% of flour, 2.5% of refined fish oil, 2.5% of soybean oil, 2% of soybean phospholipid oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of vitamin and mineral salt premix. The content of crude protein and crude fat in the feed of the common control group are 41.5% and 10%, respectively.

The concentration of the challenge bacterium liquid is 1.6 × 10⁹cfu/ml, injected at 20 ml/tail, survival 48 hours post challenge was recorded and the results are shown in figure 1.

The results show that the survival rate of the control group challenge experiment is 28%, while the survival rates of the experimental groups are obviously higher than those of the control group, and the survival rates of the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 are improved by 46%, 43% and 36% compared with those of the control group.

The experimental results show that the zero-fish-meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing the clostridium ethanolate protein can obviously improve the growth speed of the litopenaeus vannamei, improve the oxidation resistance and the immunity of the litopenaeus vannamei, reduce the death rate caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus and have obvious economic benefit.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that the present invention encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalent technology of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed containing clostridium ethanolate protein is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5-8% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 5-6% of hermetia illucens powder, 8-12% of chicken powder, 2-5% of blood cell protein powder, 8-12% of fermented soybean meal, 8-12% of soybean protein concentrate, 5-8% of corn protein powder, 8-12% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 12-16% of high gluten flour, 6-10% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 8-10% of rice bran, 1.5-2.5% of fish oil, 1.5-2.5% of soybean oil, 1.5-2% of monocalcium phosphate and 1.5-2.5% of vitamin mineral salt premix, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100%.

2. The zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 5% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 5% of hermetia illucens powder, 9% of chicken powder, 3% of blood cell protein powder, 10% of fermented soybean meal, 12% of soybean protein concentrate, 6% of corn protein powder, 10% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 14% of high gluten flour, 8% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 10% of rice bran, 2% of fish oil, 2% of soybean oil, 2% of monocalcium phosphate and 2% of vitamin mineral salt premix.

3. The zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 1, comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of clostridium ethanolate protein, 6% of hermetia illucens powder, 12% of chicken powder, 2% of blood cell protein powder, 8% of fermented soybean meal, 10% of soybean protein concentrate, 8% of corn protein powder, 8% of dephenolized cottonseed protein, 16% of high gluten flour, 6% of enzymolysis fish soluble paste, 8% of rice bran, 2.5% of fish oil, 2.5% of soybean oil, 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate and 1.5% of vitamin mineral salt premix.

4. The zero-fish meal litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 1, characterized in that per 100kg of the vitamin mineral salt premix comprises the following components: 1500-550 g of vitamin B, 21326-1600 g of vitamin B, 6300-330 g of vitamin B, 350-500 g of calcium pantothenate, 150-200 g of nicotinic acid, 16-18 g of biotin, 2000-2500 g of inositol, 40-60 g of folic acid, 121-2 g of vitamin B, 5800-6300 g of vitamin C, 350-450 g of vitamin A, 55-80 g of vitamin D, 950-1100 g of vitamin E, 40-60 g of vitamin K, 4-6 g of potassium iodide, 200-250 g of zinc sulfate, 4-6 g of sodium selenate, 250-350 g of manganese sulfate, 3000-3500 g of ferrous sulfate, 60-80 g of copper sulfate, 4500-5000 g of magnesium sulfate, 50-70 g of cobalt chloride and 77-80 kg of crude rice bran.

5. The method for preparing the feed for litopenaeus vannamei without fish meal according to any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, uniformly mixing the raw material components except the fish oil and the soybean oil, mixing the fish oil and the soybean oil, and crushing the mixture until the mixture can pass through a sieve of 80-100 meshes;

s2, introducing water vapor which accounts for 15% of the total weight of the raw material components and is at the temperature of 90-100 ℃ for modulation for 6-7 minutes, and then granulating at the temperature of 95-100 ℃;

and S3, granulating, drying and cooling to obtain the finished product.

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