CN111463562A - Ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with filtering effect - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with filtering effect Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
- H01Q5/35—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using two or more simultaneously fed points
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with a filtering effect. The invention comprises a pair of symmetrically arranged radiation planes etched on the upper surface of a single-layer dielectric substrate and a pair of symmetrically arranged differential microstrip transmission lines etched on the lower surface; the two symmetrical radiating metal patches and the two differential microstrip transmission lines are connected symmetrically around a central axis of the dielectric substrate; the two differential microstrip transmission lines are directly connected, a 90-degree right angle exists at the corner, and 45-degree outward beveling is carried out at the right-angle bent position; three different types of slots are carved on the radiation plane, namely a gradual change type slot similar to an isosceles triangle, a rectangular slot and a slot resonant cavity consisting of two rectangular slots and a coupling slot. The ultra-wideband filter antenna meets ultra-wideband characteristics, the gain of the required working frequency band is larger than 5dBi, the radiation efficiency is larger than 95%, and the filter antenna has the performances of ultra-wideband, high gain, high efficiency, excellent port matching and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 5G communication, and relates to an ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna fed in a differential feeding mode, which can be used as a miniaturized antenna at the radio frequency front end of a wireless transceiver and is widely applied to wireless communication frequency bands such as an ISM frequency band, a mobile communication frequency band, a satellite communication frequency band and the like.
Background
With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, the antenna needs to cover more frequency bands and the corresponding bandwidth needs to be wide enough, which brings about a small challenge to the antenna design. Meanwhile, the radio frequency terminal module gradually develops towards the trend of miniaturization, and for an antenna engineer, not only the performance of the antenna itself but also the performances of the volume, power consumption, practicability and the like of the whole radio frequency system need to be considered when designing the antenna. In view of the above, it is a good idea to combine the filter and the antenna, and the antenna as the last resonator of the filter can not only broaden the bandwidth of the antenna, but also simplify the circuit design, and provide more flexibility for the impedance matching between the antenna and the filter. In the practical application of ultra-wideband antenna design, the band-pass filter is a very good choice, and can filter the interference signal transmitted to the antenna by using the passband selectivity of the band-pass filtering property, and only pass the useful signal in the passband, thereby improving the impedance matching in the passband and improving the stop band suppression effect.
However, most of the existing antenna engineers use single-port feeding when designing ultra-wideband filter antennas, which causes the defects of poor signal anti-interference capability, low linearity, and the like. The differential circuit has the characteristics of high linearity, wide dynamic range, excellent suppression capability on higher harmonics and the like. For a Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA), the basic structure is to use a planar radiating element as the radiator and a large ground plane as the reflecting surface, with two pins on the radiator for ground and feed, respectively. After the introduction of the differential circuit, the principle of a balanced symmetrical circuit can be used to connect the ground terminals of two identical PIFA antennas and to ground them in common mode operation, thereby eliminating the need for grounded vias for the antennas. The design can lead the antenna to be directly connected with the radio frequency front end differential circuit, thereby avoiding the introduction of the balun. From the above, the prior art is less related to the ultra wide band differential filtering PIFA antenna, and particularly to the ultra wide band differential PIFA antenna which gives consideration to the filtering effect, and meanwhile, the antenna can also work in the ISM frequency band and the 5G communication frequency band (sub-6).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with a filtering effect, which can realize the characteristics of ultra-wideband, high gain, high efficiency, low differential mode standing wave, high common mode rejection and the like, aiming at the defects of narrow bandwidth, low linearity and the like of the traditional PIFA antenna.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention comprises a pair of symmetrically arranged radiation planes (2) etched on the upper surface of a single-layer dielectric substrate (1) and a pair of symmetrically arranged differential microstrip transmission lines (8) etched on the lower surface; the two symmetrical radiating metal patches (2) and the two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are connected symmetrically around the central axis of the dielectric substrate; the two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are directly connected, a 90-degree right angle (7) exists at the corner, and 45-degree outward beveling is carried out at the right-angle bent part;
the radiation plane (2) is carved with three different types of slots, namely a gradual change type slot (3) similar to an isosceles triangle, a rectangular slot (5) and a slot resonant cavity consisting of two rectangular slots (6) and a coupling slot (7). The gradual change type slot (3) can enable the antenna to generate a plurality of resonance points and is used for realizing ultra-wideband characteristics. The rectangular slot (5) can better provide a broadband matching effect for the antenna. The slot resonant cavity can excite a multi-mode resonance mode to further enhance the ultra-wideband effect of the antenna. The differential microstrip transmission line (8) can provide a pair of feed signals with opposite polarities for the antenna; the symmetric center of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) and the symmetric center of the radiation plane (2) are on the same straight line with the center of the dielectric substrate (1).
Further, the total length and the total width of the two radiating planes (2) are consistent with the length and the width of the dielectric substrate (1) and are positioned on the upper half dielectric substrate (1)The radiation plane (2) is used as a radiation unit part of the antenna, and the radiation plane (2) positioned on the lower half medium substrate (1) is used as an equivalent ground plane part of the band-pass filter; for the radiating element portion, the width t _ w of the gradual change slot (3) thereon is 16.8mm, and the length t _ l of the oblique side is 16.42 mm. The rectangular slot (5) located beside the equivalent ground of the antenna is rectangular and has a width w1Is 28mm, length l2Is 4.9 mm.
Furthermore, the gradual change type slot (3) is connected with the rectangular slot (5) through a strip-shaped slit groove, and the width s of the strip-shaped slit groove1Is 1.4mm, and the long strip-shaped slit grooves are symmetrically arranged.
Further, the width w of two identical rectangular slots (6) for the equivalent ground plane portion3Is 11.3mm, length l312.8mm, the width w of the coupling slot (7) connecting the two rectangular slots2Is 8.9mm, length s2Is 0.8 mm. The distance l between the rectangular slot (5) and two identical rectangular slots (6)10Is 23.65 mm.
Furthermore, the pair of two identical differential microstrip transmission lines (8) is attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and the width w of each differential microstrip transmission line (8)4Each 2.45mm, the spacing w between the feed ports5Is 27.55mm, and two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are connected with the central line of the dielectric substrate in a line symmetry mode.
Further, the differential microstrip transmission line (8) is specifically arranged as follows:
the length l from the position of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) deflected for 90 degrees for the first time (9) to the edge of the dielectric substrate46.73mm and a conduction band right angle bend 45 deg. out chamfer is made at the corner. The differential microstrip transmission line (8) is deflected for the second 90 degrees (10) by a width w from the first 90 degrees6And 9.45 mm. The distance between the two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) after the two differential microstrip transmission lines are deflected for the second time (10) is w3Is 3.65 mm. The length l of the third deflection angle (13) of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) from the second 90-degree deflection (10)527.92mm, the angle theta of the third deflection (13) of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) is 110 DEG, and the height l of the bevel edge7Is 8 mm. The length l of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) from the fourth 90-degree deflection (15) to the third deflection end (14)8Is 17.64 mm. The length of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) after the fourth 90-degree deflection (15) is 23.98 mm. Finally, two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) which are axisymmetric with respect to the center line of the dielectric substrate are connected together to form an integral microstrip line (16) with a total width w8Is 47.96 mm.
Furthermore, two identical rectangular metal patches (12) are introduced between the second deflection and the third deflection, the length l of the metal patches (12)6Is 4.1mm and has a width w74.6mm, the spacing s between two metal patches4Is 0.6 mm. Length l from second 90 DEG deflection (10)9And 9.38 mm.
Furthermore, the dielectric substrate (1) is made of Rogers 5880 material and has a relative dielectric constantr2.2, a loss tangent tan of 0.0009, a thickness h of 0.787mm, a length l of the dielectric substrate (1) of 93mm and a width w of 60 mm.
Further, the feeding signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase are simultaneously input to the band-pass filter through the differential microstrip transmission line (8) through two feeding ports Port1 and Port2, so that a differential feeding structure is formed by the feeding signals, the differential microstrip transmission line (8) and the feeding ports; amplifying the common mode rejection effect of the original differential signal through the passband selectivity and the in-band common mode rejection of the bandpass filter; and finally, transmitting the energy to the plane of the filtering antenna, and finally radiating the energy out through an edge radiation effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna provided by the invention adopts a differential feed technology and can be directly integrated with a radio frequency front end, so that the impedance matching in a working frequency band is stable, the directional diagram in the working frequency band is stable and symmetrical, the cross polarization can be better inhibited, and the ultra-wideband effect is formed. Meanwhile, due to the filtering effect of the filtering antenna, the cascade connection of a radio frequency front-end filter can be reduced, the anti-jamming capability of a circuit is improved, and the gain and the radiation efficiency of the antenna are increased. Compared with the traditional PIFA antenna, the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna provided by the invention reduces the introduction of a ground plane and simplifies the complexity of a circuit. And the radiation patch of the antenna is designed by adopting the gradual-change slot, so that the antenna has the ultra-wideband effect of the Vivaldi antenna, and can better realize ultra-wideband matching, thereby meeting the requirements of modern communication technology.
The working bandwidth of the ultra-wideband filter is 2-5.4GHz, the absolute bandwidth is greater than 3.4GHz, the relative bandwidth is greater than 81%, the ultra-wideband characteristic is met, the gain of the required working frequency band is greater than 5dBi, the radiation efficiency is greater than 95%, and the filter antenna has the performances of ultra-wideband, high gain, high efficiency, excellent port matching and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1(a) is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 1(b) is a side view of an ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 1(c) is a schematic diagram of the upper surface metal patch of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 1(d) is a schematic diagram of a lower surface feed structure of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna end slot of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ultra-wideband differential bandpass filter of the present invention.
Fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the upper surface ground plane of the ultra-wideband differential bandpass filter of the present invention.
Fig. 3(c) is a schematic diagram of a lower surface feed structure of the ultra-wideband differential band-pass filter according to the present invention.
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the slot on the upper surface of the ultra-wideband differential bandpass filter of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a simulation diagram of the port characteristic S parameter of the ultra-wideband differential band-pass filter of the present invention, in which the port differential mode reflection coefficient is given at the same time
Common mode reflection coefficient
Common mode rejection coefficient
And in-band differential mode loss
Comparison of (1).
FIG. 6 is a simulation diagram of the characteristic S parameter of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna port of the present invention, in which the differential mode reflection coefficient of the port is given at the same time
Common mode reflection coefficient
And differential mode standing wave ratio (VSWR)dd. The calculation formulas of the reflection coefficient and the standing wave ratio are given by the following formulas (1) and (2):
fig. 7 is a comparison between measured data and a simulation result of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna port of the present invention, where S parameters of the measured data and the simulation result are given at the same time.
Fig. 8 is a simulation diagram of the peak gain and radiation curve of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna of the present invention, in which the variation trend of the gain and radiation efficiency of the differential antenna is given at the same time.
Fig. 9(a) is a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna of the present invention at 2.6GHz, which is divided into an E-plane and an H-plane.
Fig. 9(b) shows the radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna of the present invention at 3.7GHz, which is divided into an E-plane and an H-plane.
Fig. 9(c) shows the radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna of the present invention at 4.2GHz, which is divided into an E-plane and an H-plane.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further analyzed in detail with reference to the following examples.
The invention directly connects the two same PIFA antennas through the grounding port, and changes the single port feed into the dual port differential feed, thereby providing a pair of signals with opposite polarities for the antennas. By utilizing the differential feed technology and the circuit symmetry principle, the grounding operation of the PIFA antenna can be realized without introducing a grounding through hole, and the tail end of the radiation plane of the antenna adopts a mirror gradual change slotting design similar to a Vivaldi broadband antenna, so that the bandwidth of the antenna can be further expanded.
The invention is formed by combining two parts: the antenna comprises an ultra-wideband differential band-pass filter and an ultra-wideband differential PIFA antenna, wherein the ultra-wideband differential PIFA antenna and the ultra-wideband differential band-pass filter are etched in the same dielectric substrate. The single ultra-wideband differential PIFA antenna and the ultra-wideband differential band-pass filter are respectively as follows:
the ultra-wideband differential PIFA antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein two radiating planes which are symmetrically connected with each other about the center are etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The upper surface of the dielectric substrate is a pair of radiating planes, and the edges of the two radiating planes are both provided with a gradual change slotting design similar to a Vivaldi antenna. And the grounding ends of the two radiating planes are connected, and a transverse rectangular slot is formed near the grounding end to achieve the broadband matching effect. A pair of differential microstrip transmission lines are etched on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and used as a feed structure of the antenna, the two differential microstrip transmission lines are directly connected, a 90-degree included angle (9) exists at a corner, and the continuity of microstrip characteristic impedance is effectively controlled by a method of bending a conduction band right angle by 45-degree beveling. Preferably, the two radiating planes and the differential microstrip transmission line are both axisymmetric about a center line of the dielectric substrate.
The working process of the ultra-wideband differential PIFA antenna is as follows: a pair of equal-amplitude and opposite-phase feed signals are simultaneously input from the two feed ports through the differential feed microstrip line to form a differential feed structure. The electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the radiation patch on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and finally, the energy is radiated out through the edge radiation effect to form the antenna.
The ultra-wideband differential band-pass filter comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is etched to form a radiating plane with the same area as the dielectric substrate and is completely attached to the dielectric substrate to serve as a ground plane of the filter, the lower surface of the dielectric substrate is etched to form a pair of differential microstrip transmission lines, the microstrip transmission lines are made of metal microstrip lines, and the two differential microstrip transmission lines are axisymmetric with respect to the center line of the dielectric substrate. Two identical rectangular gaps and a coupling gap are dug in a metal grounding surface on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the rectangular gaps and the coupling gap are axisymmetric with respect to the center line of the dielectric substrate, and the coupling gap is used for connecting the two rectangular gaps and is positioned in the center of the dielectric substrate. The two types of gaps jointly form a gap resonant cavity, and the gap resonant cavity is used for exciting resonant modes of a plurality of working modes so as to achieve a broadband effect. Four metal patches which are axisymmetric with respect to the center line of the dielectric substrate are added on two microstrip transmission lines on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate so as to realize the optimal gap electric field transfer effect.
The working process of the ultra-wideband differential band-pass filter is as follows:
a gap is opened in the ground plane of the filter to establish a half-medium wavelength (lambda)gA resonance of/2). For differential mode signals, the electric field direction between the two differential feeds is consistent with the electric field direction of the gap, so that the middle symmetrical plane is a virtual electric wall, and differential mode transmission can be carried out. For common mode signals, the direction of an electric field of the gap is unchanged, but the electric fields between the two differential microstrip lines are 0, namely, the electric fields are mutually offset, so that the middle symmetrical plane is a virtual magnetic wall and is not matched with the electric field of the gap, the field mode cannot be established, and the common mode can be inhibited.
The invention combines the two structures together, and for the balanced PIFA antenna, the ground plane of the prior PIFA antenna and the ground plane of the filter can be combined into a whole to form the upper surface of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna by utilizing the symmetry of the differential circuit, thereby eliminating the introduction of the grounding end of the prior circuit. The working process of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna is as follows: a pair of equal-amplitude and opposite-phase differential signals are simultaneously input into the band-pass filter through the two feed ports through the differential feed microstrip line to form a differential feed structure, and the common-mode rejection effect of the original differential signals is amplified through the passband selectivity and the in-band common-mode rejection of the band-pass filter. And finally, transmitting the energy to a radiation end of the filter antenna, and finally radiating the energy out through an edge radiation effect.
After the two structures are fused together, the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
with reference to fig. 1(a) and 1(b), the present invention includes a pair of symmetrically disposed radiating planes (2) etched on the upper surface of a single-layer dielectric substrate (1) and a pair of symmetrically disposed differential microstrip transmission lines (8) etched on the lower surface; the two symmetrical radiating metal patches (2) and the two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are connected symmetrically around the central axis of the dielectric substrate; the two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are directly connected, a 90-degree right angle (7) exists at the corner, and 45-degree outward beveling is carried out at the right-angle bent part;
the dielectric substrate (1) is made of Rogers 5880 material and has a relative dielectric constantr2.2, a loss tangent tan of 0.0009, a thickness h of 0.787mm, a length l of the dielectric substrate (1) of 93mm and a width w of 60 mm.
With reference to fig. 1(b) and 1(c), the radiating plane (2) of the antenna is completely attached to the dielectric substrate (1) and is as long as the dielectric substrate and as wide as the dielectric substrate. The upper half plane of the radiating plane serves as the radiating element part of the antenna and the lower half plane of the radiating plane serves as the equivalent ground plane part of the band-pass filter. Because the feeding mode is differential feeding, the grounding ends of two identical PIFA antennas are connected with each other, and the introduction of a grounding plane can be replaced, so that the grounding plane of the band-pass filter and the radiating element of the ultra-wideband differential PIFA antenna can share one plane. For the radiation element part of the antenna, the gradual change type slot (3) is similar to an isosceles triangle, the width t _ w is 16.8mm, the length t _ l of the inclined side is 16.42mm, and the length l from the rectangular slot (5)1Is 20.55 mm.The gradual change type slot opening (3) is connected with the rectangular slot opening (5) through a long strip-shaped slit groove, and the width s of the long strip-shaped slit groove1Is 1.4mm, and the long strip-shaped slit grooves are symmetrically arranged. The rectangular slot (5) near the equivalent ground of the antenna is rectangular with a width w1Is 28mm, length l2Is 4.9 mm. For the equivalent ground plane part of the band-pass filter, the width w of two identical rectangular slots (6)3Is 11.3mm, length l312.8mm, the width w of the coupling slot (7) connecting the two rectangular slots2Is 8.9mm, length s2Is 0.8 mm.
With reference to fig. 1(b) and 1(d), two identical differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and each differential microstrip transmission line (8) has a width w4Each 2.45mm, the spacing w between the feed ports527.55mm, and because two microstrip lines are connected with the central axis of the dielectric substrate in an axisymmetric manner, only one specific embodiment of the microstrip line needs to be given. The length l from the position of the microstrip line deflected for the first time by 90 degrees (9) to the edge of the dielectric substrate46.73mm and a conduction band right angle bend 45 deg. out chamfer is made at the corner. The microstrip line is deflected for the second 90 degrees (10) by a width w from the first 90 degrees6And 9.45 mm. The length l of the third deflection angle (13) of the microstrip line from the second 90 DEG deflection (10)527.92mm, the angle theta of the microstrip line for the third deflection (13) is 110 DEG, and the height l of the bevel edge7Is 8 mm. Between these two deflections, two rectangular metal patches (12) of length l are introduced6Is 4.1mm and has a width w74.6mm, the spacing s between two metal patches4Is 0.6 mm. Length l from second 90 DEG deflection (10)9And 9.38 mm. The length l of the microstrip line from the fourth 90-degree deflection (15) to the third deflection end (14)8Is 17.64 mm. The length of the microstrip line after the fourth 90-degree deflection (15) is 23.98 mm. Finally, two microstrip lines which are axisymmetric with respect to the center line of the dielectric substrate are connected together to form an integral microstrip line (16) with a total width w8Is 47.96 mm.
With reference to fig. 5, the ultra-wideband differential band-pass filter satisfies that the frequency range with the differential mode reflection coefficient less than-10 dB and the common mode rejection greater than 10dB is 2-5.4GHz, the absolute bandwidth is 3.4GHz, and the relative bandwidth is greater than 91%. The differential mode loss in the design frequency band of 2-5.4GHz is less than 0.06dB, and the common mode rejection is more than 17.4 dB.
With reference to fig. 6 and 7, after practical tests, the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna satisfies the requirements that the frequency range of the differential mode standing wave less than 2 is 2.1-5.1GHz, the absolute bandwidth is 3GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 81.1%. The differential mode standing wave in the designed working frequency band of 2-5.4GHz is less than 1.8, the common mode rejection is more than-1.83 dB, and the ultra-wideband low-differential mode standing wave and high-common mode rejection characteristics are achieved.
With reference to fig. 8, the gain of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna is greater than 4dB and the antenna efficiency is greater than 91.9% in the designed frequency band of 2-5.4 GHz. Meanwhile, the peak gain of the differential filtering PIFA antenna is more than 5dBi above a 3.5GHz frequency band, the antenna efficiency is more than 98%, the filtering antenna is more than 5dBi in a required 5G communication frequency band, and the differential filtering PIFA antenna has excellent high-gain and high-radiation efficiency characteristics.
In conjunction with the three diagrams of fig. 9(a), (b), and (c), which reflect the normalized radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna at 2.6GHz,3.7GHz, and 4.2GHz in differential mode operation, the results in the diagrams can be explained by the following analysis: the radiated field is mainly due to the current distribution of the two PIFAs. In the structure of the antenna, the current has only y-and z-components. In differential mode operation, the z-direction current components of the antenna relative to the plane of symmetry are opposite and the radiation cancels out, E in the xoy planeθAlmost zero. In addition, the y-direction current component of the antenna is symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry.
Therefore, the ultra-wideband differential filtering PIFA antenna based on the differential feed technology has the characteristics of excellent ultra-wideband, low differential mode loss, high common mode rejection in a frequency band, high gain in the frequency band and the like, and can be widely applied to the field of modern wireless communication.
Claims (9)
1. An ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with a filtering effect is characterized by comprising a pair of symmetrically arranged radiation planes (2) etched on the upper surface of a single-layer dielectric substrate (1) and a pair of symmetrically arranged differential microstrip transmission lines (8) etched on the lower surface; the two symmetrical radiating metal patches (2) and the two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are connected symmetrically around the central axis of the dielectric substrate; the two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are directly connected, a 90-degree right angle (7) exists at the corner, and 45-degree outward beveling is carried out at the right-angle bent part;
the radiation plane (2) is carved with three different types of slots, namely a gradual change type slot (3) similar to an isosceles triangle, a rectangular slot (5) and a slot resonant cavity consisting of two rectangular slots (6) and a coupling slot (7). The gradual change type slot (3) can enable the antenna to generate a plurality of resonance points and is used for realizing ultra-wideband characteristics. The rectangular slot (5) can better provide a broadband matching effect for the antenna. The slot resonant cavity can excite a multi-mode resonance mode to further enhance the ultra-wideband effect of the antenna. The differential microstrip transmission line (8) can provide a pair of feed signals with opposite polarities for the antenna; the symmetric center of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) and the symmetric center of the radiation plane (2) are on the same straight line with the center of the dielectric substrate (1).
2. The PIFA antenna with ultra-wideband differential feed and filtering effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total length and width of the two radiating planes (2) are the same as the length and width of the dielectric substrate (1), the radiating plane (2) on the upper half dielectric substrate (1) is used as the radiating element part of the antenna, and the radiating plane (2) on the lower half dielectric substrate (1) is used as the equivalent ground plane part of the band-pass filter; for the radiating element portion, the width t _ w of the gradual change slot (3) of the upper half portion is 16.8mm, and the length t _ l of the oblique side is 16.42 mm. The rectangular slot (5) located beside the equivalent ground of the antenna is rectangular and has a width w1Is 28mm, length l2Is 4.9 mm.
3. The ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with the filtering effect as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the tapered slot (3) and the rectangular slot (5) are connected by a strip-shaped slot, and the width s of the strip-shaped slot is1Is 1.4mm, and the long strip-shaped slit grooves are symmetrically arranged.
4. A ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with filtering effect according to claim 3, characterized in that for an equivalent ground plane section, the width w of two identical rectangular slots (6) is3Is 11.3mm, length l312.8mm, the width w of the coupling slot (7) connecting the two rectangular slots2Is 8.9mm, length s2Is 0.8 mm. And the distance l between the rectangular slot (5) and two identical rectangular slots (6)10Is 23.65 mm.
5. The PIFA antenna with ultra-wideband differential feeding and filtering effects as claimed in claim 4, wherein two identical differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and each differential microstrip transmission line (8) has a width w4Each 2.45mm, the spacing w between the feed ports5Is 27.55mm, and two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) are connected with the central line of the dielectric substrate in a line symmetry mode.
6. The ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with filtering effect according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that the differential microstrip transmission line (8) is embodied as follows:
the length l from the position of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) deflected for 90 degrees for the first time (9) to the edge of the dielectric substrate46.73mm and a conduction band right angle bend 45 deg. out chamfer is made at the corner. The differential microstrip transmission line (8) is deflected for the second 90 degrees (10) by a width w from the first 90 degrees6And 9.45 mm. The length l of the third deflection angle (13) of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) from the second 90-degree deflection (10)527.92mm, the angle theta of the third deflection (13) of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) is 110 DEG, and the height l of the bevel edge7Is 8 mm. The length l of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) from the fourth 90-degree deflection (15) to the third deflection end (14)8Is 17.64 mm. The length of the differential microstrip transmission line (8) after the fourth 90-degree deflection (15) is 23.98 mm. Finally, two differential microstrip transmission lines (8) which are axisymmetric with respect to the center line of the dielectric substrate are connectedTogether forming an integral microstrip line (16) of total width w8Is 47.96 mm.
7. A ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with filtering effect as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that two identical rectangular metal patches (12) are introduced between the second deflection and the third deflection, the length l of the metal patches (12)6Is 4.1mm and has a width w74.6mm, the spacing s between two metal patches4Is 0.6 mm. Length l from second 90 DEG deflection (10)9And 9.38 mm.
8. The ultra-wideband differential feeding PIFA antenna with the filtering effect as claimed in claim 1 or 7, wherein the dielectric substrate (1) is made of Rogers 5880 material, and has a relative dielectric constantr2.2, a loss tangent tan of 0.0009, a thickness h of 0.787mm, a length l of the dielectric substrate (1) of 93mm and a width w of 60 mm.
9. The ultra-wideband differential feeding PIFA antenna with filtering effect as claimed in claim 8, wherein a pair of equal-amplitude and opposite-phase feeding signals are simultaneously input to the band-pass filter through the differential microstrip transmission line (8) from two feeding ports Port1 and Port2, so that a differential feeding structure is formed by the feeding signals, the differential microstrip transmission line (8) and the feeding ports; amplifying the common mode rejection effect of the original differential signal through the passband selectivity and the in-band common mode rejection of the bandpass filter; and finally, transmitting the energy to the plane of the filtering antenna, and finally radiating the energy out through an edge radiation effect.
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| CN111463562B (en) | 2022-02-01 |
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