CN109980368A - A kind of miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable - Google Patents
A kind of miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable Download PDFInfo
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- CN109980368A CN109980368A CN201910256642.0A CN201910256642A CN109980368A CN 109980368 A CN109980368 A CN 109980368A CN 201910256642 A CN201910256642 A CN 201910256642A CN 109980368 A CN109980368 A CN 109980368A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable, comprising: ground piece；The first medium plate of ground on piece is set；Coupling feed on first medium plate is set；Second medium plate in coupling feed is set；And the radiating element on second medium plate is set；Wherein, ground piece is electrically connected by penetrating the first through hole of first medium plate and second medium plate with radiating element；Radiating element is to divide shape opening resonance loop structure.In the present invention, by using opening resonance loop structure as radiating element, and hibert curve is used to carry out a point shape to SRRs, greatly reduce antenna size, achieve the purpose that antenna miniaturization.Meanwhile radiating element and ground piece are connected by the way that multiple metal throuth holes are arranged on dielectric-slab, it realizes that radiating antenna is grounded in different location using the on-off of varactor, realizes impedance transformation, to change ground connection number of diodes to adjust switching frequency quantity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna technical fields.More particularly, to a kind of miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable.
Background technique
Antenna is positioned as navigation equipment and the critical component of positioning device receiving end, whether in transport or in day
Often all play an important role in life.With the development of device miniaturization trend, antenna miniaturization has become more and more heavier
It wants.
Antenna miniaturization refers in the technical indicator for meeting antenna, such as gain, directional diagram, input impedance, polarization characteristic
Under the premise of, the structure size of antenna lesser antenna compared with other forms antenna.It is known that the situation that frequency is certain
Under, electromagnetic wave in the wavelength of free space be it is determining, antenna is as the element for realizing energy coupling with free space, electricity
Performance is directly limited by wavelength dimension, so that the technical indicators such as the directionality of antenna, efficiency, bandwidth and structure ruler
It is very little to contradict.Therefore, how to coordinate and above-mentioned relation of compromising is constituted with obtaining work in the optimal antenna knot of concrete application background
For the key problem of antenna miniaturization.
Currently, both at home and abroad realize antenna miniaturization method mainly include the following types:
(1) antenna loading: for unipole antenna, load is to reduce size, realizes that one of miniaturization is square well
Method.Such as monopole antenna load, i.e., standard point shape is carried out to the monopole antenna for having top-loaded and RLC lump loads, finally
Realize the size and wider bandwidth of very little, but since load introduces resistance, thus will lead to the efficiency of antenna compared with
It is low.Such as loading helical antenna again has introduced consumption element, and the size of antenna is only 0.122 times of longest operation wavelength, tool
There is good miniaturization effect, but gain is lower.
Typical miniaturization loading technique can be divided into five kinds:
1. being loaded using lamped element, if introducing has consumption element to will lead to efficiency reduction, gain decline；
2. dielectric material loads, the bandwidth of antenna will affect；
3. being loaded using short circuit technology, it will cause feed structure to require size sensitive, processing request is higher；
4. making full use of the environment (especially equipment itself) of antenna, the environment around antenna is allowed to also assist in radiation as far as possible；
5. aperture is bent or introduced to antenna.
(2) it adds active electric network: reducing the size of passive antenna, will lead to radiation resistance reduction, efficiency reduces, can benefit
The decline of the index due to caused by antenna size reduction is made up with the amplification of active electric network and impedance-compensated technology.But it is active
Antenna has been not belonging to conventional passive antenna form, need to separately add power supply circuit and active device, and consider noise and non-linear mistake
True problem increases the complexity of antenna.
(3) add floor: according to image theory, the size of doublet antenna can be made to reduce about 50%, and larger
Floor the gain of antenna can be made to improve.It is contemplated that the size on floor, the occasion of this method application is extremely limited,
And floor can also have an impact the directional diagram of antenna.
(4) special material substrate is used: from tie Microstrip Antenna calculation formula it is found that (such as using high dielectric constant
Ceramic material) or the substrate of high-permeability material (such as magnetic material) resonance frequency can be reduced, to reduce antenna size.It is high
The major defect of dielectric constant dielectric substrate antenna is: surface loss is big, and gain is small, low efficiency, narrow bandwidth.Using ferrite
Antenna made of material can accomplish that frequency is adjustable (up to 40%) while realizing miniaturization within the scope of broad frequency band, but iron oxygen
Body is lost very big in microwave frequency band.
(5) surface is slotted: being mainly used in microstrip antenna, due to using meander technology, structure is simple, at low cost
It is honest and clean, easy to process.Its main feature is that: as slot length increases, antenna resonant frequency is reduced, and antenna size reduces, but size is excessive
Reduction can cause performance sharply to deteriorate, and wherein bandwidth and gain are particularly evident.
(6) use fractal structure: the Fractal Geometry Theory that 20th century late nineteen seventies propose has obtained widely in recent years
Pay attention to.Nineteen ninety D.L.Jaggard proposes a point shape electrodynamics, it is determined that mutually ties point shape with Maxwell's electromagnetic theory
The new direction of conjunction.By designing suitable fractal structure, so that bulk shared by antenna reduces, and the performance base of antenna
Originally it remains unchanged, then achievees the purpose that antenna miniaturization.Currently, the fractal structure used in terms of antenna miniaturization mainly has
The array etc. of Koch, Hilbert, Peano, Minkowski, 3/2Curve curve and corresponding fractal structure composition.
In addition, the resonance frequency and polarization mode for how changing antenna are also current on the basis of antenna miniaturization
Research emphasis.Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a kind of miniature antenna for the frequency reconfigurable that can greatly reduce antenna size.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of miniature antennas of frequency reconfigurable, using Meta Materials split ring resonator
Structure carries out a point shape to SRRs using hibert curve as radiating element, greatly diminution antenna size, further
Reduce antenna size, achievees the purpose that antenna miniaturization；By beating multiple metal throuth holes in dielectric-slab, connection radiating element and
Ground piece realizes that radiating antenna is grounded in different location by the on-off of varactor, realizes impedance transformation, passes through change
It is grounded the adjustable switching frequency quantity of number of diodes, method is simple and easy.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
A kind of miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable, which is characterized in that the miniature antenna includes:
Ground piece；
The first medium plate of ground on piece is set；
Coupling feed on first medium plate is set；
Second medium plate in coupling feed is set；
Radiating element on second medium plate is set；
Wherein, ground piece is electric by the first through hole and radiating element for penetrating first medium plate and second medium plate
Connection；Radiating element is to divide shape opening resonance loop structure.
Optionally, radiating element includes the first resonant ring and the second resonant ring, and the first resonant ring and the second resonant ring are concentric
Setting, and the radius of the first resonant ring is greater than the radius of the second resonant ring.
It is further alternative, it is provided with the first opening on the first resonant ring, the second opening is provided on the second resonant ring,
First opening is separately positioned on the opposite sides of the first resonant ring and the second resonance ring center with the second opening.
It is further alternative, the first gap, the shape in the first gap are provided between the first resonant ring and the second resonant ring
It is consistent with Hilbert fractal curve.
Further alternative, first through hole is arranged at the first opening two sides and the second opening two sides.
Optionally, feed is electrically connected by penetrating the second through-hole of second medium plate with coupling feed, and feed passes through SMA
Radio-frequency joint provides feed for miniature antenna.
Optionally, first through hole is electrically connected by varactor with ground piece.
Optionally, first through hole and the second through-hole are isolating metal through-hole.
Optionally, first medium plate includes towards the first surface and the remotely second surface of piece of ground piece, second medium
Plate includes towards the third surface and remotely the 4th surface of piece of ground piece, first surface, the first medium plate of first medium plate
Second surface and the first surface of second medium plate cover copper.
Optionally, the input impedance of coupling feed is 50 ohm, and the dielectric of first medium plate and/or second medium plate is normal
Number is less than 2.6.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
The miniature antenna of one of present invention frequency reconfigurable, comprising: ground piece；First that ground on piece is arranged in is situated between
Scutum；Coupling feed on first medium plate is set；Second medium plate in coupling feed is set；And it is arranged second
Radiating element on dielectric-slab；Wherein, ground piece is single by the first through hole and radiation for penetrating first medium plate and second medium plate
Member electrical connection；Radiating element is to divide shape opening resonance loop structure.Frequency reconfigurable miniature antenna of the invention, by using
Meta Materials opening resonance loop structure greatly reduces antenna size as radiating element, while using hibert curve pair
SRRs carries out a point shape, further reduces antenna size, achievees the purpose that antenna miniaturization.Further, by dielectric-slab
It is upper to beat multiple metal throuth holes to be connected to radiating element and ground piece, realize radiating antenna not by the on-off of varactor
It is grounded with position, and then realizes impedance transformation, the adjustable switching frequency number of number of diodes can also be grounded by changing
Amount, method are simple and easy.
Detailed description of the invention
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 a-1b shows a kind of restructural microstrip slot antenna structural schematic diagram of polarization
Fig. 2 shows a kind of miniature antenna structural profile illustrations of frequency reconfigurable.
Fig. 3 shows a kind of miniature antenna radiative unit structure schematic diagram of frequency reconfigurable.
Fig. 4 shows a kind of miniature antenna coupling feed structural schematic diagram of frequency reconfigurable.
Fig. 5 with showing a kind of miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable chip architecture schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 a-6b shows surface current analogous diagram of the opening resonance annulus as radiating element work when.
Fig. 7 shows a kind of equivalent circuit diagram of the miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable.
Fig. 8 a-8c shows a kind of Hilbert fractal structure of the miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable.
Fig. 9 shows emulation and the measured result schematic diagram of 1 rank Hilbert point shape back reflection coefficient.
Figure 10 shows lead to the hole site schematic diagram on radiating element.
Figure 11 a-11b shows antenna measurement result when connecting different through-holes.
Figure 12 a-12b shows corresponding working frequency Pattern measurement result when through-hole connection quantity is 2.
Figure 13 a-13b shows corresponding working frequency Pattern measurement result when through-hole connection quantity is 3.
Figure 14 a-14c shows several more typical miniature antenna structural schematic diagrams.
Figure 15 a-15d shows the structure and reflection coefficient schematic diagram of reconfigurable antenna 1 and 2.
Specific embodiment
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, the present invention is done further below with reference to preferred embodiments and drawings
It is bright.Similar component is indicated in attached drawing with identical appended drawing reference.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that being had below
The content of body description is illustrative and be not restrictive, and should not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
A kind of miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable is provided in the embodiment of the present invention, comprising: ground piece；It is arranged in ground on piece
First medium plate；Coupling feed on first medium plate is set；Second medium plate in coupling feed is set；And it sets
Set the radiating element on second medium plate；Wherein, ground piece is by penetrating the first through hole of first medium plate and second medium plate
It is electrically connected with radiating element；Radiating element is to divide shape opening resonance loop structure.
Frequency reconfigurable miniature antenna in the embodiment of the present invention is made by using Meta Materials opening resonance loop structure
For radiating element, antenna size is greatly reduced, while a point shape is carried out to SRRs using hibert curve, is further contracted
Subtract antenna size, achievees the purpose that antenna miniaturization.Further, it is connected to by beating multiple metal throuth holes on dielectric-slab
Radiating element and ground piece, realize that radiating antenna is grounded in different location by the on-off of varactor, and then realize impedance
Transformation can also be grounded the adjustable switching frequency quantity of number of diodes by changing, and method is simple and easy.
As previously mentioned, antenna miniaturization main path is the physical change of the dielectric-slab by high dielectric constant or structure.
And high requirement can be proposed to the electrical property of dielectric-slab, need high by relying on high dielectric constant plate to reduce antenna size
Machining accuracy, while if the unstable operating frequency of antenna that will lead to of dielectric constant deviates, and dielectric constant height is simultaneously
The dielectric-slab cost of electric performance stablity is very high, is unfavorable for being mass produced.Further, high dielectric constant generally means that height
Loss, the radiation efficiency that will lead to antenna in this way reduces, and then influences the gain of antenna.In addition, the structure change of antenna is general
It is all more complicated, very big inconvenience can be brought to simulation optimization, actual processing.
In addition, reconfigurable antenna is the emphasis of this field research on the basis of realizing antenna miniaturization.
According to the function of reconfigurable antenna, four classes: one, frequency reconfigurable antenna can be divided into；Two, polarization reconfigurable antenna；
Three, directional diagram reconstructable aerial；Four, frequency and polarization, polarization and directional diagram or frequency and the restructural day of directional diagram hybrid mode
Line.According to restructural Method means, can be divided into three classes: one, electronic device is restructural；Two, mechanical reconfigurable；Three, change day
The material property of line.Existing literature describes the performance that a variety of different electronic devices carry out reconfigurable antenna, as PIN diode is opened
It closes, FET switch, optical switch, radio-frequency micro electromechanical system (RF-MEMS), varactor etc..
Wherein, with frequency reconfigurable antenna emphasis, working frequency has continuous or discrete in certain frequency range
Tunability, while the antenna pattern of antenna, polarization characteristic are held essentially constant.In the way of frequency reconfiguration, again may be used
It is divided into frequency to be continuously adjusted and adjustable two class of frequency-distributed.The method of reconfigurable antenna working frequency has: loaded switches, and load becomes
Hold diode, change the mechanical structure of antenna and changes the material property of antenna.Currently, the type of frequency reconfigurable antenna has
Micro-strip paster antenna, plane dipole antenna, planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) and microstrip slot antenna etc..Specifically:
(1) varactor is loaded on micro-strip paster antenna
It is continuously adjustable that frequency may be implemented in which.Side, which is penetrated, by the width in micro-strip paster antenna loads varactor,
Effective electrical length of antenna can change, to change the resonance frequency of antenna.Initially, range and frequency that frequency is adjusted
Ratio can achieve 1.1-1.2.By increasing the number of diode, frequency adjusting can achieve 1.6.
It should be noted that even if antenna frequencies also may be implemented in the non-radiant edged load varactor of microband paste
Restructural function.For example, a kind of high-gain part reflecting face frequency reconfigurable antenna, is changed each using varactor
The phase of reflector element, the resonance frequency of antenna can be realized continuously adjustable.It is for example a kind of again to pass through dual-port differential feed
Mode, three pairs of varactors are loaded on micro-strip paster antenna, the frequency regulation rates of antenna can be made to reach 2.
(2) PIN diode is loaded on micro-strip paster antenna
It is adjustable that frequency-distributed may be implemented in which.Its principle is similar with load varactor, is to change antenna
Effective electrical length carrys out the resonance frequency of tuned antenna.
(3) varactor either PIN switch is loaded on oscillator or monopole
The characteristics of this kind of antenna be can using a part of radiator as the direct current biasing lead of electronic device, thus
Direct current lead is largely avoided to the adverse effect of antenna impedance characteristic and antenna pattern.Application Optics switch
Change the resonance length of element antenna, switch is controlled by infra-red laser diode.Using this switch, any direct current is not needed
Biasing circuit, to reduce influence of the direct current lead to antenna.But since the conducting of switch needs additional infrared laser
The irradiation of diode, load the antenna of this switch with have great difficulty in terms of wireless system is integrated and electronic control.
(4) double frequency-band frequency reconfigurable is realized on planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA)
Each frequency band can be separately adjustable, and varactor or PIN diode can be used.
(5) microstrip slot antenna
Microstrip slot antenna is the effective electrical length for changing gap by loaded switches or varactor, to tune
The resonance frequency of antenna.Although being easier to realize frequency reconfigurable on the basis of microstrip slot antenna and may be implemented
Frequency than up to 3.52, but its gain is relatively low, and especially at low frequency, gain is usually less than 0dBi.So such day
Line is only applicable to system that is of less demanding to antenna efficiency but needing broad frequency band.
In addition, can also realize dual polarization frequency adaptable antennas using microstrip gap.A such as annular microstrip gap
Antenna, when being fed with a port, by loading varactor, so that it may the resonance frequency of antenna be reconstructed, such as
Shown in Fig. 1 a.When being fed respectively using two mutually orthogonal ports, antenna can work to polarize at horizontal and vertical two kinds
Mode, as shown in Figure 1 b.Also, each polarization mode varactor can be used to carry out frequency adjusting.
In addition, RF-MEMS switch is also usually applied in frequency reconfigurable antenna design.RF-MEMS switch can answer
Use in paster antenna and slot antenna realize frequency it is restructural, wherein an advantage of RF-MEMS be exactly its loss compared with
It is small, but the reliability of existing RF-MEMS switch is not high.In addition, by change mechanical structure and change material property can also be with
The frequency of antenna is reconstructed.But the resonance frequency for changing antenna by this two ways usually will affect antenna
Radiation characteristic, and be hard to integrate in wireless communication system.
In conclusion structure is complicated for frequency reconfigurable antenna, it is few that frequency can be switched.It is limited, is passed through by antenna structure
Diode on-off is very limited to change the restructural frequency that the resonance size of antenna is realized, variation range is small, converts frequency point
It is few, if it is desired to which that more transformation frequency point needs very complicated structure.
In one embodiment of the present of invention, as shown in Fig. 2, a kind of miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable is by two layers of medium
Board group is at wherein top dielectric plate is that single side covers copper, and layer dielectric plate is double-sided copper-clad.The miniature antenna further includes radiation
Unit, coupling feed and ground piece are total to three-layer metal layer, and wherein radiating element is set to the upper surface of top dielectric plate, coupling feedback
Line is set among top dielectric plate and layer dielectric plate, and ground piece is set to the lower surface of layer dielectric plate.
Radiative unit structure in the embodiment of the present invention divides shape opening resonance loop structure as shown in figure 3, radiating element uses
(fractal split ring resonators, abbreviation FSRRs).Radiating element is that two split ring resonators are nested to form,
By the deformation to two resonant rings, the gap between two rings is made to be deformed into Hilbert fractal curve.Radiating element inner and outer ring
Opening two sides are metal throuth hole, are connected by the through-hole with ground piece.Wherein, Ri is radiating element outer edge radius, and Ro is spoke
Unit inward flange radius is penetrated, gw is gap outer edge width, and gc is gap inward flange width, and gh is inner and outer ring spacing.
Coupling feed structure in the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in figure 4, feeder line realizes signal source by SMA radio-frequency joint
Energy input, then by coupling feed way, couple radiating element for energy, realize the feed of inventive antenna.Wherein,
FL is the length of coupling feed, and FW is the width of coupling feed, and the input impedance of coupling feed is designed as 50 ohm.
In the embodiment of the present invention chip architecture as shown in figure 5, ground piece be whole face cover copper, open three openings altogether, one is opened
Mouthful be SMA radio-frequency joint feed use, other two opening be isolating metal through-hole, metal throuth hole by varactor with
Ground piece is connected, and realizes radiating element different location ground connection by the on-off of varactor.
Working principle
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b are surface current analogous diagram when being open resonance annulus as radiating element work, from Fig. 6 a
It can be seen that mainly outer layer resonant ring works when Antenna Operation is in low frequency；From Fig. 6 b it can be seen that when Antenna Operation exists
When high frequency, mainly internal layer resonant ring works.Surface current in figure when the gray scale representative antennas work of color.
Fig. 7 is the equivalent circuit diagram of antenna involved in the present invention.Wherein, LlineAnd ClineIt is the equivalent of coupling feed respectively
Inductance and capacitor.R1And R2For equivalent series resistance, the resistance value of two points of shape split ring resonators is represented.CF1And CF2For equivalent string
Join capacitor, represents the coupling between two points of shape split ring resonators, can be calculated according to the structure and openings of sizes of resonant ring
It arrives.LP1—LP4It is equivalent parallel inductance, is generated by the coupling between radiating element and ground.Equivalent inductance CP1And CP2By radiating
Coupling between unit and dielectric-slab generates.
When work, the on-off of different through-holes can change inductance LPNumerical value, it is real to change the working frequency of antenna
The frequency reconfigurable of existing antenna.
Emulation and design
Miniaturization antenna of the embodiment of the present invention be a kind of improvement to the double-frequency micro-strip antenna based on split ring resonator and
Optimization.It is known that should be worked based on the double-frequency micro-strip antenna of split ring resonator in 1.24GHz and 1.96GHz, antenna size is day
0.05 times of the lowest operating frequency 1.24GHz corresponding wavelength λ 1 of line.
(1) design of Simulation of fractal antenna
First by miniaturising design using fractal technology to antenna radiation unit.
Simulation stage has carried out the Hilbert point shape of 1 rank and 2 ranks, the variation of radiating element such as Fig. 8 a-8c institute to antenna
Show, wherein Fig. 8 a is primary radiation unit, and Fig. 8 b is that 1 rank divides the radiating element after shape, and Fig. 8 c is that 2 ranks divide the radiation list after shape
Member.
During being processed, it is contemplated that 2 ranks divide the antenna of shape more demanding to processing dimension, mismachining tolerance compared with
Greatly, therefore without 2 ranks of processing divide the antenna after shape, only the antenna of 1 rank point shape is processed, the day of the embodiment of the present invention
Restructural line frequency is also to carry out on the basis of 1 rank fractal antenna.
Fig. 9 is emulation and the measured result of 1 rank fractal antenna processing back reflection coefficient.Wherein, dotted curve is that emulation is bent
Line, solid line are measured curve according to simulation result, and when reflection coefficient is less than -10dB, antenna can work in the frequency point.Actual measurement knot
Fruit shows that Antenna Operation frequency point is 1.35GHz and 3.35GH.The lowest operating frequency 1.35GHz corresponding wavelength λ of antenna1, highest
The corresponding operation wavelength of working frequency 3.35GHz is λ2, the size of antenna radiation unit corresponds to lowest operating frequency wavelength dimension
For 0.05 λ1。
(2) emulation of via openings position and quantity
Figure 10 is the representative position that hole can be opened on radiating element, and everywhere stain represents can be with aperture at one
Position.Because radiating element is linear symmetric, so if some point can carry out aperture, the symmetric points of the point can also be with
Aperture.
In the embodiment of the present invention, considers from the intersection location of configuration aspects and lower layer's coupling feed and logarithm emulates
As a result analysis, opens four through-holes altogether, and lead to the hole site is the opening two sides of resonant ring.
In the embodiment of the present invention, selects the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that dielectric constant is 2.2 as antenna medium plate, be situated between after tested
Scutum dielectric constant is 2.15.Media plate thickness are 3 millimeters, and top dielectric plate single side covers copper, layer dielectric plate double-sided copper-clad,
Every layer of dielectric-slab beats metal throuth hole in lead to the hole site.Because not being available conducting resinl to be bonded, used in antenna quadrangle
Plastic screw is fixed, and does not impact after tested to antenna performance.To prevent each layer metal throuth hole that can not be connected to, also adopt
Radiating element and the varactor of ground on piece are attached with thin copper wire.
Test result
(1) antenna measurement result when different through-holes is connected
Firstly, respective figure 3~5, different connections is carried out to through-hole 1~4, and it is numbered as shown in table 1.
Corresponding through-hole connection under 1 different situations of table
| Number | The through-hole of connection is numbered | Number | The through-hole of connection is numbered |
| S1 | 1,3 | S5 | 1,2,3 |
| S2 | 1,4 | S6 | 1,2,4 |
| S3 | 2,3 | S7 | 1,3,4 |
| S4 | 2,4 | S8 | 2,3,4 |
Then, it is tested respectively according to number of openings is connected to ground piece, obtains test result as shown in table 2.
The different through-holes of table 2 corresponding working frequency points when connecting
Finally, drawing test curve as shown in Figure 11 a and 11b according to test result.Wherein, Figure 11 a is that connection through-hole is
The test result of antenna at 2, Figure 11 b are the test result for connecting antenna when through-hole is 3.
It can be seen that by table 2 and Figure 11 a-11b when the number of openings of communicatively piece is 2, antenna can work
(reflection coefficient is less than -10dB) is near 1GHz, 1.4GHz frequency point；When the number of openings of communicatively piece is 3, antenna can
With work (reflection coefficient is less than -10dB) in 1.67GHz, 1.86GHz.Wherein S1's and S4's test result is close, S2 and S3
Test result it is close, the test result of S5 and S6 are close, and the test result of S7 and S8 are close, this is because above four groups of surveys
L in examinationP1And LP2, LP3And LP4It is essentially identical.When through-hole all turns on, equivalent inductance is two inductance in parallel, works as Shorted post
When only one conducting, equivalent inductance becomes an independent inductance LP.S1 and S4, S2 and S3, S5 and S6, every group of feelings of S7 and S8
Inductance value in condition is almost the same, so the working frequency of the antenna in corresponding situation is almost the same.
It is found that the miniature antenna in the present invention realizes weighing for operating frequency of antenna by the on-off of different through-holes
Structure.
(2) working frequency Pattern measurement
Figure 12 a-12b is miniaturization of embodiment of the present invention antenna corresponding work frequency when through-hole connection quantity is 2
Rate Pattern measurement result, wherein Figure 12 a is the test result of directional diagram in the case of S1 and S2, and Figure 12 b is S3 and S4 situation
The test result of lower directional diagram.Figure 13 a-13b is miniaturization of embodiment of the present invention antenna when through-hole connection quantity is 3
Corresponding working frequency Pattern measurement result, wherein Figure 13 a is the test result of directional diagram in the case of S5 and S6, Figure 13 b
For the test result of directional diagram in the case of S7 and S8.
It can be seen that antenna is kept substantially in different frequent points when connection number of openings is identical from Pattern measurement result
It is constant, realize the frequency reconfigurable of antenna.
It is further known that the lowest operating frequency 1GHz corresponding wavelength λ of antenna1, maximum operating frequency 1.86GHz correspondence
Operation wavelength be λ2, it is 0.06 λ that the size of aerial radiation, which corresponds to lowest operating frequency wavelength dimension,1, corresponding highest work frequency
Rate wavelength dimension is 0.11 λ2。
By test result it can be seen that the size that the present invention designs antenna is much smaller than the resonance wavelength of working frequency, have
Effect reduces the size of antenna, realizes antenna miniaturization.
(3) it is compared with other miniature antennas
Figure 14 a, 14b and 14c be several more typical miniature antennas, wherein in Figure 14 a radiating element having a size of
0.76λ×0.24λ；Antenna uses dielectric constant as 4.4 dielectric-slab in Figure 14 b, and radiating element is having a size of 0.06 λ × 0.2
λ；Antenna radiation unit uses PIFA antenna in Figure 14 c, and radiating element side length is 0.2 λ.
It is real with the comparison of above-mentioned antenna it can be seen that miniaturization of embodiment of the present invention antenna greatly reduces antenna size
The Miniaturization Design of antenna is showed.
(4) it is compared with other frequency reconfigurable miniature antennas
Reconfigurable antenna in the embodiment of the present invention and other two kinds of reconfigurable antennas 1 and 2 are compared, wherein figure
15a is the structural schematic diagram of reconfigurable antenna 1, and Figure 15 b is the antenna reflection coefficient result of reconfigurable antenna 1；Figure 15 c is can
The structural schematic diagram of reconfigurable antenna 2, Figure 15 d are the antenna reflection coefficient result of reconfigurable antenna 2.
Analysis realizes frequency reconfigurable it is found that reconfigurable antenna 1 has broadband character, by on-off, but reconfiguration frequency
Within the scope of antenna broadband operation, frequency point transformation range is small, and can only realize that two frequency bins are restructural.Reconfigurable antenna 2 is logical
Cross power-on voltage variation realize frequency reconfigurable, it can be achieved that two kinds of situations frequency reconfigurable, but antenna structure is complicated,
Frequency reconfigurable may be implemented in only a small number of power-on voltages, if voltage instability rule will affect antenna performance.
In conclusion the structure of the frequency reconfigurable miniature antenna in the embodiment of the present invention is simple, frequency reconfigurable is real
Existing mode is simple, it can be achieved that multi-frequency is restructural.
The present invention combines metamaterial structure with fractal technology, achievees the purpose that reduce antenna size, realizes that antenna is small
Type.Specifically, using Meta Materials opening resonance loop structure (split ring resonators, abbreviation SRRs) as radiation
Unit can greatly reduce antenna size, while carry out a point shape to SRRs using hibert curve, further reduce antenna
Size achievees the purpose that antenna miniaturization.The antenna that the present invention designs can use the medium of low-k (less than 2.6)
Plate is processed, and can be greatly saved production cost, be reduced difficulty of processing.
Structure is complicated for existing frequency reconfigurable antenna, and it is few that frequency can be switched.In addition, being limited by antenna structure, lead to
It is very limited to change the restructural frequency that the resonance size of antenna is realized to cross diode on-off, and variation range is small, converts frequency point
It is few, if it is desired to which that more transformation frequency point needs very complicated structure.The present invention by beating multiple metal throuth holes in dielectric-slab,
It is connected to radiating element and ground piece, realizes that radiating antenna is grounded in different location by the on-off of varactor, realizes impedance
Transformation is grounded the adjustable switching frequency quantity of number of diodes by changing, and method is simple and easy.
It should be noted that belonging to " first ", " second " in description and claims of this specification and above-mentioned attached drawing
Etc. being not use to describe a particular order for distinguishing different objects.In addition, term " includes " and " having " and it
Any deformation, it is intended that cover and non-exclusive include.Such as it contains the process, method of a series of steps or units, be
System, product or equipment are not limited to listed step or unit, but optionally further comprising the step of not listing or list
Member, or optionally further comprising the gas step intrinsic for these process, methods or equipment or unit.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention may be used also on the basis of the above description for those of ordinary skill in the art
To make other variations or changes in different ways, all embodiments can not be exhaustive here, it is all to belong to this hair
The obvious changes or variations that bright technical solution is extended out are still in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of miniature antenna of frequency reconfigurable, which is characterized in that the miniature antenna includes:
Ground piece；
The first medium plate of described ground on piece is set；
Coupling feed on the first medium plate is set；
Second medium plate in the coupling feed is set；And
Radiating element on the second medium plate is set；
Wherein, described ground piece is single by the first through hole and the radiation for penetrating the first medium plate and the second medium plate
Member electrical connection；The radiating element is to divide shape opening resonance loop structure.
2. miniature antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that radiating element includes that the first resonant ring and second are humorous
Shake ring, and first resonant ring and second resonant ring be arranged concentrically, and the radius of first resonant ring is greater than described the
The radius of two resonant rings.
3. miniature antenna according to claim 2, which is characterized in that be provided with first on first resonant ring and open
Mouthful, it is provided with the second opening on second resonant ring, first opening and second opening are separately positioned on described the
The opposite sides of one resonant ring and the second resonance ring center.
4. miniature antenna according to claim 3, which is characterized in that first resonant ring and second resonant ring
Between be provided with the first gap, the shape in first gap is consistent with Hilbert fractal curve.
5. miniature antenna according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the first through hole is arranged at described first
Be open two sides and second opening two sides.
6. miniature antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that feed is by penetrating described second
Second through-hole of dielectric-slab is electrically connected with the coupling feed, and the feed is the miniature antenna by SMA radio-frequency joint
Feed is provided.
7. miniature antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that the first through hole passes through transfiguration
Diode is electrically connected with described ground piece.
8. miniature antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that the first through hole and described
Two through-holes are isolating metal through-hole.
9. miniature antenna according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that the first medium plate includes court
First surface to described ground piece and the second surface far from described ground piece, the second medium plate includes towards described ground piece
4th surface on third surface and separate described ground piece, the first surface of the first medium plate, the first medium plate
Second surface and the first surface of the second medium plate cover copper.
10. miniature antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the input impedance of the coupling feed is 50 Europe
The dielectric constant of nurse, the first medium plate and/or the second medium plate is less than 2.6.
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| CN111463562A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-07-28 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with filtering effect |
| CN111463563A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-07-28 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband differential PIFA antenna suitable for 5G communication |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111463562A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-07-28 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband differential feed PIFA antenna with filtering effect |
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| CN113571889A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Antenna array with frequency agility and controllable polarization and directional diagram |
| CN113571889B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-05-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Antenna array with agile frequency and controllable polarization and directional diagram |
| CN114583456A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-03 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Miniaturized plane directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, Internet of things equipment and router |
| CN114583456B (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2024-02-09 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Miniaturized planar directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, internet of things equipment and router |
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