CN111462716A

CN111462716A - Accordion

Info

Publication number: CN111462716A
Application number: CN202010008722.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: U.瓦尔特; T.特拉普
Original assignee: Helai Musical Instruments Co ltd
Current assignee: Helai Musical Instruments Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-01-18
Filing date: 2020-01-06
Publication date: 2020-07-28
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-06
Also published as: DE102019000364B3; CN111462716B

Abstract

An accordion with a bass mechanism, comprising sound dampers arranged side by side in rows, the sound dampers of each row being supported on at least one common first row-bearing axle and being individually movable relative to the first row-bearing axle by means of damper operating devices which are operable by means of keys and which are constructed as rockers with guide means which are rotatably supported on an upright support, the rocker pivots of the rockers of the sound damper rows being supported on at least one common second row-bearing axle, the first row-bearing axle and the second row-bearing axle being arranged parallel to one another in height and laterally offset, the guide means towards the rocker end of the first row-bearing axle being positively guided on the sound dampers and for positive guidance being provided with height-profiled guide grooves which extend transversely to the rocker pivots, for kinematically translating the rotation of the rocker into a lever mechanism operating on the sound damper.

Description

Accordion

Technical Field

The invention relates to an accordion, in particular an accordion or other hand-pulled musical instrument with a bass or bass mechanism, comprising sound dampers or sound air valves (tonlufklappen) arranged in parallel in rows, wherein the sound dampers of a row are each supported on at least one common first row bearing shaft and can be individually moved relative to the first row bearing shaft by means of a damper actuating device, which can be actuated by a key or push button.

Background

DE 550968 discloses a bass mechanism for an accordion with a mechanism for coupling a sound damper. The purpose of this coupling is to be able to combine the individual keys that are arranged in any position on the keyboard according to any choice and number, and to be able to open a plurality or sound dampers that are spaced close or far apart from each other simultaneously with each key of the keyboard. Different kinds of mechanisms are known which are able to achieve this, but they are more or less imperfect. The disadvantages are a larger key stroke with a stronger key pressure, a higher space requirement and a higher weight.

Therefore, with existing hand pulled instruments, the bass mechanism is a particular technical challenge. In bass, there is no fixed connection between the button buttons and the sound damper, as in treble, since in treble always exactly one sound is associated with one button, whereas in bass, in contrast to treble, individual sounds are used several times and sounded in a plurality of button buttons. The bass mechanism thus comprises a bass and a chord mechanism. The bass mechanism is therefore typically used to open a plurality of peg dampers simultaneously when a certain button is pressed, thereby giving a corresponding chord or a plurality of octaves of a bass scale. The aim here is to produce as many different chord combinations as possible with as few so-called spring plates as possible.

Due to the above requirements and the limited space in the musical instruments, very complex and partly multifunctional bass mechanisms have been developed over the years. These mechanisms are usually composed of a large number of different shafts, rods, transmission elements, springs and other small parts, which are usually made of metal. The manufacture and assembly of these components is very costly and requires a high degree of skill and patience, particularly with regard to the time-consuming adjustment of the many follower pins on the shaft.

As already indicated, the weight of these mechanisms and the high time consumption in production and assembly are particularly disadvantageous, as well as the fact that the mechanism must often be completely disassembled in the event of necessary repairs, for example, when the spring breaks. Furthermore, the multiple use of parts or the modular construction of these bass mechanisms can only be realized to a very limited extent. This makes it basically necessary to develop and construct a unique bass mechanism for each change of chord or sound combination or key configuration (griffbregung).

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an accordion or other hand pulled musical instrument, the bass mechanism of which is simple and compact in structure and light in weight.

The technical problem is solved by an accordion with a bass mechanism according to the invention. The accordion comprises sound dampers arranged in parallel in a plurality of rows, wherein the sound dampers in each row are each supported on at least one common first row bearing shaft (Reinhenlage) and are individually movable relative to the first row bearing shaft by means of damper operating means operable by a key, characterized in that the damper operating device is designed as a rocker (Wippe) with a guide device, which is mounted so as to be rotatable on an upright support, the rocker pivots or rocker tilting shafts of the rockers of the acoustic damper rows being mounted on at least one common second row-like bearing shaft, and wherein the first row bearing shaft and the second row bearing shaft are arranged parallel to one another offset in height and laterally, the guide device facing the rocker end of the first row bearing shaft being positively guided on the sound damper and for positive guidance being provided with a profile shaped in height extending transversely to the rocker pivot.

For kinematically converting the rotary motion of the rocker into a lever mechanism operating on the sound damper (ablaufen).

Thus, an accordion or other hand-pulled musical instrument is provided with a bass mechanism comprising a sound damper and a correspondingly associated damper operating device which makes it possible to use a molded part produced according to injection molding/die casting/3D molding technology. A partial area of the bass mechanism or even the entire mechanism can be realized by the shaped part, which offers the possibility of realizing several functions in one component.

The basic design can be such that the sound damper or the pin damper (Ventilklappen) is fixed directly on the base plate, for example by two wave-shaped projections, and is simultaneously supported on one side in a movable manner. The damper can therefore be opened considerably wider than hitherto without a need for a larger button stroke/push stroke. This produces a significantly better sounding. Furthermore, the corresponding receiving structure or guide for the mechanism for opening or closing the flap can be integrated directly into the molded part of the sound damper/plug damper. In this case, a design variant can be provided in which the damper is self-locking in the closed state by designing the guide rail, so that no additional springs and corresponding seal holding forces are required and at the same time additional sealing is achieved.

The sound damper/plug damper can be moved by means of a multifunctional lever element, which can be shaped such that it can have, for example, perforations and fastening areas at uniform intervals, through which the lever can be freely guided and which fixes the lever element movably in the respective bearing position. Such a configuration makes it possible to use only one form/type of lever element multiple times in the entire mechanism to produce a wide variety of sound/key combinations, thereby enabling a certain degree of mechanical flexibility in programming.

This mechanical arrangement can be achieved by using levers or links of different lengths and correspondingly shaped openings at the ends. It is shown here that for a standard bass mechanism configuration, only two different types of such levers may be required.

The described bearing points for the lever element can be firmly molded in the base plate or can also be designed modularly as bearing element modules. This enables the system to be very easily extended to a larger sound range/function range. These bearing elements may include not only a bearing function, but also an integral holder of the sound damper plug damper and a sound hole.

The connection and the final actuation of the lever elements can be realized by coupling rods, so-called push button sliders, which connect the respective bass push button to the respective lever element. The system can be designed such that the complete actuator can be installed as a separate module independently of the bass mechanism and only then be connected to the bass mechanism in a simple manner. This in turn enables a simple and fast installation and provides a very good maintainability of the entire system.

The configuration is such that the system does not require a spring in the mechanism other than a small number of sound/peg dampers. The full lower force can be applied by a return spring in the real bass/action button. This makes the replacement of the individual springs very simple, in addition to a simple installation, in particular in the case of maintenance, without the entire mechanism having to be disassembled.

By means of said free mechanical programmability, it is possible to interact with the fret

The possibility of different sound-key configurations of the bass mechanism yields in a relevant way a very large variety of variations of the bass mechanism without having to develop new components. Finally, the connecting rod is fixed at other positions, and other sound/reeds are mounted on the sound post when necessary.

The entire mechanism can be easily assembled by using precision molded parts without having to have special expertise or use special tools. The system can also be designed so that no calibration work is required.

By using a correspondingly suitable material, for example Polyoxymethylene (POM) in the plastic part, very low friction and thus very low wear of the parts can be achieved in the system, i.e. corrosion of the bass mechanism known today can be prevented. Maintenance, for example by regularly oiling the machine, can thereby be dispensed with.

Further advantages and embodiments of the invention can be seen in the following description.

Drawings

The invention is explained in detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 schematically shows a top view of an accordion, in particular a concertina, according to a first embodiment, showing a part of the end side of the accordion in order to partly show a bass mechanism according to the invention;

fig. 2a shows schematically and stereoscopically in side view a partial region of a bass mechanism which is partially mounted with a sound damper and a damper operating device and which can be operated by a key button for a major chord;

fig. 2b shows the acoustic damper and the damper operating device according to fig. 2a in a separate view, with the corresponding associated key button;

FIG. 2c shows a cross-section of FIG. 2 b;

fig. 3a shows schematically and stereoscopically in side view a partial region of a bass mechanism which is partially mounted with a sound damper and a damper operating device and which can be operated by key buttons for minor chords;

fig. 3b shows the acoustic damper and the damper operating device according to fig. 3a in a separate view, with the corresponding associated key button;

FIG. 3c shows a cross-section of FIG. 3 b;

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the damper operating device in the form of a rocker arm, as viewed diagonally from the front;

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the damper operating device in the form of a rocker arm according to FIG. 4, viewed obliquely from behind;

FIG. 6 schematically illustrates in separate views a cut-away sound damper and damper operating device in accordance with another embodiment with the sound damper in a rest position;

FIG. 7 shows the cross section of FIG. 6 with the sound damper partially open.

Detailed Description

The present invention relates to an accordion, in particular an accordion or other hand pulled instrument having a bass mechanism 20.

The accordion shown in fig. 1 has two

housing parts

1, 2, which are connected to one another by bellows or bellows 3. The housing part 1 may be provided for accommodating a treble mechanism (not shown). The housing part 2 serves to house a bass mechanism 20.

As shown in fig. 2a and 3a, the bass mechanism 20 comprises

sound dampers

4, 5, 6, said

sound dampers

4, 5, 6 being arranged adjacent to each other in a plurality of rows 4.1, 5.1, 6.1. The

sound dampers

4, 5, 6 are used to open and close sound holes 7, which sound holes 7 are arranged in a row in a bass filling 8. A sound post (not shown) or other sound emitting means is provided in correspondence with the sound hole 7.

As shown in fig. 2b and 3b, the

acoustic dampers

4, 5, 6 of the rows 4.1, 5.1, 6.1 are each supported on at least one common first row bearing shaft 4.2, 5.2, 6.2 and can be moved relative to said first row bearing shaft solely by means of a damper operating device which can be operated directly and/or indirectly by means of a key 9. The exemplarily illustrated keys 9 are configured here as key buttons.

As shown in fig. 3b, the damper operating device is designed as a rocker 10, which is rotatably mounted on an upright support 19 and is designed with a guide 13, said guide 13 preferably being arranged on the rocker ends 21, 22. These rockers 10 can be identically constructed to operate all the

sound dampers

4, 5, 6, which facilitates the manufacture as a molded part and the use as a module assembly.

The rocker pivots of the rockers 10 of the acoustic damper rows 4.1, 5.1, 6.1 are each supported on at least one common second row-like bearing shaft 4.3, 5.3, 6.3, the first row-like bearing shafts 4.2, 5.2, 6.2 and the second row-like bearing shafts 4.3, 5.3, 6.3 being arranged parallel to one another in a highly offset and laterally offset manner, as shown in fig. 2c and 3 c. The guide 13 of the rocker end 22 facing the first row of bearing shafts 4.2, 5.2, 6.2 is positively guided on the respective

acoustic damper

4, 5, 6.

Fig. 4 and 5 also show that the rocker 10 has, for example, two oppositely inclined top faces 11, 12, respectively, in which the top edges facing the first row of bearing shafts 4.2, 5.2, 6.2 each form a guide 13 on the rocker end 22, which is positively guided in the inclined position on the

acoustic dampers

4, 5, 6. For positive guidance, a guide groove 14, which is profiled in height and extends transversely to the rocker pivot or second bearing row 4.3, 5.3, 6.3, is provided for kinematically converting the rotational movement of the rocker 10 into a lever mechanism which runs on the

sound damper

4, 5, 6. The lever mechanism performs, for example, a linear movement.

The guide grooves 14 preferably extend in the laterally offset or offset region from the first row of bearing shafts 4.2, 5.2, 6.2 to the second row of bearing shafts 4.3, 5.3, 6.3. The lateral offset of the bearing shaft in combination with the height offset of the bearing shaft is such that when the rocker 10 is rotated in the direction P1 as shown by way of example in fig. 3c, the guide 13, for example the top edge, of the rocker 10 moves in the positive guide 14 and thereby opens and opens the respectively articulated

sound damper

4, 5, 6 in the direction P2.

The top surfaces 11, 12 are preferably designed in the form of a bracket, for example, with spaced-apart struts 15, which allow the passage of connecting rods 16, as will be explained below, in order to be able to open several

sound dampers

4, 5, 6 of different rows 4.1, 5.1, 6.1 at the same time.

A damper closing spring (not shown) can be arranged between the respective rocker 10 and the respectively associated

acoustic damper

4, 5, 6. Each

acoustic damper

4, 5, 6 is then closed under the influence of a spring pretension.

As shown, the key buttons 9 each act directly on only one rocker 10. This is illustrated in fig. 2a to 2c by the rocker 10 of the sound damper 5 of the sound damper row 5.1. The key 9 can act on the guide 13 of the rocker end 21 remote from the first row bearing shaft 4.2, 5.2, 6.2 to rotate the rocker 10 and open the hinged

sound damper

4, 5, 6.

Furthermore, it is provided by way of example that adjacent sound damper rows 4.1, 6.1 can be coupled such that, when a key, for example a key button 9, is pressed, a plurality of

sound dampers

4, 5, 6, which are situated in a spaced manner in the sound damper rows 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, are opened simultaneously.

A connecting rod 16 can be provided as a coupling device, the opposite ends of which, as shown by way of example in fig. 3c, can be designed with a fixed bearing or fixed bearing 17 and a floating bearing or floating bearing 18. Multiple individual acoustic damper rows can be spanned by selecting the length of the linkage 16. According to fig. 3c, the connecting rod 16 spans the sound damper row 5.1 and is therefore designed with a longer length than the connecting rod 14 according to fig. 2c, in fig. 2c the rockers 10 of adjacent sound damper rows 4.1, 5.1 being coupled. The simultaneous opening of a plurality of

sound dampers

4, 5, 6 by key button association may alternatively also be realized by other suitable coupling means.

It is thus possible to provide at least one connecting rod 16 as a coupling for the two rockers 10, the mutually opposite ends of said connecting rod acting on the two rockers 10 via the fixed bearing 17 and the floating bearing 18.

The floating bearing 18 can be dimensioned in such a way that the tensile forces acting on the fixed bearing 17 by rotation of the articulated rocker end 22 can be transmitted to the rockers 10 coupled by the floating bearing 18, while the compressive forces acting on the floating bearing 18 cannot be transmitted to the rockers 10 coupled by the fixed bearing 17.

The rocker 10 may have a connecting element 23 for hinging the connecting rod 16. The connecting element 23 can be of simple design and be oriented parallel to the respective rocker pivot.

The fixed bearing 17 and the floating bearing 18 may be configured in the form of annular snap-fit connections.

Furthermore, a plurality of coupling devices can be fastened to the rocker 10 in order to form a combined coupling connection.

In fig. 2a to 2c, three dampers are opened, wherein the damper 5 is directly controlled and the other two dampers 4 are each pulled up/opened by a connecting lever in the form of a connecting rod 16. And thus may exhibit a major key. In fig. 3a to 3c, three dampers are likewise opened, wherein the damper 6 is directly controlled and the two other dampers 4 are each pulled up/opened by a connecting lever in the form of a connecting rod 16. And thus may exhibit a minor tune.

Fig. 6 and 7 show, by way of example, that the sound damper 4 is controlled directly by means of the operating keys 9. The other sound damper 5 is opened by the connecting rod 16, thereby opening the two

sound dampers

4, 5. The rocker 10 for the sound damper 5 has an idle stroke in the floating bearing 18, so that no further rocker 10 for the sound damper 6 is actuated here, although a connecting rod 16 is also arranged between these rockers 10.

The

aforementioned sound dampers

4, 5, 6 and rocker 10 and connecting rod 16 can all be manufactured as a molded part which enables a modular construction of the bass mechanism 20. The inventive design of the bass unit 20 makes it possible for the first time to produce plastic embodiments of bass units of hitherto complex design, which can be produced by injection molding techniques.

Claims

1. An accordion with a bass mechanism (20), comprising sound dampers (4, 5, 6) arranged side by side in rows, wherein the sound dampers (4, 5, 6) in each row are each supported on at least one common first row bearing shaft (4.2, 5.2, 6.2) and can be moved individually relative to said first row bearing shaft by means of a damper operating device, which can be operated by means of a key (9), characterized in that the damper operating device is configured as a rocker (10) with a guide (13) rotatably supported on an upright support (19), the rocker pivots of the rockers (10) of the sound damper rows (4.1, 5.1, 6.1) being each supported on at least one common second row bearing shaft (4.3, 5.3, 6.3), and wherein the first row bearing shafts (4.2, 5.2, 6.2) and the second row bearing shafts (4.3) are each supported on a row bearing shaft (4.3), 5.3, 6.3) are arranged parallel to one another in a highly and laterally offset manner, the guide device (13) of the rocker end (22) facing the first row of bearing shafts (4.2, 5.2, 6.2) is positively guided on the sound damper (4, 5, 6) and for the positive guidance a guide groove (14) which extends transversely to the rocker pivot and is profiled in height is provided for the positive guidance and serves to kinematically convert the rotational movement of the rocker (10) into a lever mechanism which runs on the sound damper (4, 5, 6).

2. The accordion according to claim 1, characterized in that the rocker (10) has two oppositely inclined top faces (11, 12) in each case, in which the top face edges facing the first row bearing shafts (4.2, 5.2, 6.2) form a guide (13) on the rocker end (22) in each case, which guide is positively guided in the inclined position on the sound damper (4, 5, 6).

3. The accordion as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the lever mechanism performs a linear motion.

4. The accordion according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rocker (10) is constructed with a guide (13) arranged on the rocker end (21, 22) of the rocker.

5. The accordion according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the top side (11, 12) is designed in a bracket-like manner.

6. The accordion according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a damper closing spring is arranged between the rocker (10) and the respectively associated sound damper (4, 5, 6).

7. The accordion according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the key (9) acts on a guide (13) away from the rocker end (21) of the first row bearing shaft (4.2, 5.2, 6.2) to flip the rocker (10) and open the hinged sound damper (4, 5, 6).

8. The accordion according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rocker levers (10) of adjacent sound damper rows (4.1, 5.1, 6.1) can be coupled such that, upon pressing of the key (9), a plurality of sound dampers (4, 5, 6) arranged at a distance from one another in the sound damper rows (4.1, 5.1, 6.1) are opened simultaneously.

9. The accordion according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one connecting rod (16) is provided as a coupling for the two rockers (10), the mutually opposite ends of which act on the two rockers (10) via a fixed bearing (17) and a floating bearing (18).

10. The accordion according to claim 9, characterized in that a plurality of coupling means can be fixed on the rocker (10) to form a combined coupling connection.

11. The accordion according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the floating bearing (18) is dimensioned such that the pulling forces acting on the fixed bearing (17) through the tilting of the hinged rocker end (22) can be transmitted to the rockers (10) coupled through the floating bearing (18), while the pressure forces acting on the floating bearing (18) cannot be transmitted to the rockers (10) coupled through the fixed bearing (17).

12. The accordion according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the rocker (10) has a connecting element (23) for hinging a connecting rod (16).

13. The accordion according to claim 12, characterized in that the connecting elements (23) are configured rod-like and are oriented parallel to the respective rocker pivots.

14. The accordion according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the fixed bearing (17) and the floating bearing (18) are constructed in the form of an annular snap connection.

15. The accordion according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the sound damper (4, 5, 6) and the rocker (10) are configured as a profile.