CN111458696A - Calibration method for indication error of handheld laser range finder - Google Patents

Calibration method for indication error of handheld laser range finder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111458696A
CN111458696A CN202010406993.8A CN202010406993A CN111458696A CN 111458696 A CN111458696 A CN 111458696A CN 202010406993 A CN202010406993 A CN 202010406993A CN 111458696 A CN111458696 A CN 111458696A
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laser
reflector
wave plate
beam splitter
lens group
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CN111458696B (en
Inventor
曾庆威
邓玉湖
童李霞
林燮佳
谢清群
黄双茂
沈奎琴
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Xiamen General Electronic Measurement Co ltd
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Xiamen General Electronic Measurement Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining

Abstract

The invention discloses a calibration method for indicating value errors of a handheld laser range finder, wherein an adopted calibration device system comprises a measurement standard device, a polarization beam splitter, a combined lens group, a half wave plate, a folded light path lens group, a quarter wave plate, a reflector and a reflector plate; after the calibration device system is installed and debugged, the calibration of each measuring point is completed by adjusting the folding optical path lens group. Compared with the prior art that the optical path of the laser from the handheld laser range finder to the reflecting plate is equal to the optical path of the laser from the reflecting plate to the range finder, the method increases the reflection or transmission loss of the laser, reduces the diffuse reflection loss, and increases the loss to be less than the reduced loss, so that the energy of the reflected light of the laser after being folded by the optical path is higher than the receiving threshold of the range finder.

Description

Calibration method for indication error of handheld laser range finder
Technical Field
The invention relates to a calibration method for indicating value errors of a measuring instrument, in particular to a calibration method for indicating value errors of a handheld laser range finder.
Background
A hand-held laser distance measuring instrument (hereinafter referred to as a distance measuring instrument) is a portable measuring instrument which takes laser as a carrier wave and diffuse reflection of a target surface as characteristics and measures a space short-distance by methods such as a pulse method, a phase method and the like. The method has the characteristics of low cost, portability, high accuracy and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of building construction measurement, crane deformation measurement, house property measurement, surveying and mapping and the like. As a measuring tool, the indicating value accuracy of the distance meter directly influences the engineering quality of production construction and the fairness and reasonability of trade settlement, so that the indicating value error calibration needs to be carried out regularly according to JJG996-2010 'hand-held laser distance meter verification rules'.
The traditional calibration method needs to establish a calibration platform or standard base line with the length ranging from (50-200) m. If the calibration platform or the standard base line is established outdoors, the calibration platform or the standard base line is easily influenced by environmental conditions such as strong wind, precipitation, strong light and the like to cause larger measurement errors, and even calibration work cannot be carried out; if built indoors, it is difficult for ordinary laboratories to meet the dimensional requirements.
CN103105607B discloses a "system and method for calibrating a hand-held laser distance meter", CN102313557B discloses a "calibration apparatus for a hand-held laser distance meter", and patent application No. 201711376318.X discloses a "system and method for calibrating a laser distance meter based on the principle of error cancellation", all of which utilize laser to reflect back and forth between a planar mirror group or a prism group to achieve the purpose of folding a light path, although the requirement of the field size required for calibration can be reduced, calibration of a distance meter can be completed in a laboratory, but the above methods have the defects that: the energy loss of light is caused in the reflection process, the energy loss and the reflection times form an exponential relationship, the more the reflection times are, the more the loss is, and when the loss is too large, the energy of the reflected light is lower than the receiving threshold of the distance meter, so that the problem that a measuring point at a far optical path has no measuring result is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calibration method for indicating value errors of a handheld laser range finder, which enables the energy (average power received by the range finder) of reflected light after laser passes through a light path and is folded to be higher than the receiving threshold of the range finder.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention relates to a calibration method for indicating value errors of a handheld laser range finder, which adopts a calibration device system comprising a measurement standard, a calibration table, a first polarization spectroscope, a combined lens group, a half wave plate, a second polarization spectroscope, a folded light path lens group, a first quarter wave plate, a 0# reflector, a 1# reflector, a third polarization spectroscope, a second quarter wave plate and a 0# reflector; the measuring standard device is a laser range finder which meets the tracing grade requirement; the first polarization spectroscope is fixedly arranged on the calibration table, and when the laser optical axis of the measurement standard device is over against the first polarization spectroscope, the s-wave component of the measurement standard device is reflected; the combined lens group arranged on the calibration platform is a coaxial optical system which consists of a convex lens and a concave lens and has adjustable distance between the two lenses, and laser reflected by the first polarization beam splitter is incident along the optical axis of the combined lens group and is converged; the half wave plate is arranged on the calibration platform and can rotate the polarization direction of the laser passing through the combined lens group by 90 degrees; the second polarization spectroscope is arranged on the calibration table, when the laser passing through the half-wave plate irradiates the second polarization spectroscope, the p-wave component can penetrate through the second polarization spectroscope, and when the light beam which is opposite to the laser passing through the half-wave plate in direction and has collinear optical axis irradiates the second polarization spectroscope, the s-wave component is reflected; the folded light path lens group consists of a plurality of reflecting mirrors, laser penetrating through the second polarization beam splitter enters the folded light path lens group, is reflected among the lens groups for a plurality of times and then leaves the folded light path lens group, the polarization direction of the laser in the folded light path lens group is vertical to or parallel to the incident surface and the reflecting surface, and the optical path of the laser in the folded light path lens group can be changed by changing the times of reflection of the laser among the lens groups or changing the distance among the lens groups; the 0# reflector is a plane mirror, the first quarter-wave plate and the 0# reflector are arranged on the calibration table, laser leaving the folded light path mirror group passes through the first quarter-wave plate and is reflected by the 0# reflector and then passes through the first quarter-wave plate again, in the process, the optical axis is opposite to the surfaces of the first quarter-wave plate and the 0# reflector, and the polarization direction of light beams rotates by 90 degrees; the 1# reflector is a plane mirror and is arranged on the calibration table, the 1# reflector is used for reflecting the laser reflected by the second polarization beam splitter, and the polarization direction of the laser is perpendicular to or parallel to the incident plane and the reflecting plane in the reflecting process; the third polarizing beam splitter is arranged on the calibration table, and the s-wave component of the laser reflected by the No. 1 reflector is reflected when the laser irradiates the third polarizing beam splitter; the 0# reflecting plate is a diffuse reflecting plate, the second quarter-wave plate and the 0# reflecting plate are fixedly arranged on the calibration table, laser reflected by the third polarizing beam splitter penetrates through the second quarter-wave plate and then irradiates on the 0# reflecting plate, and in the process, the optical axis is over against the surfaces of the second quarter-wave plate and the 0# reflecting plate and is collinear with the laser axis of the measurement standard device;
each polarization spectroscope, the combined lens group, each quarter wave plate, one-half wave plate, each reflector and the 0# reflector meet the following requirements:
Figure BDA0002491662990000031
in formula (1):
μithe cumulative total times is k, which is the ratio of the radiation energy of the reflected light or the transmitted light and the incident light after the laser meets the polarization beam splitter, the combined lens group, the quarter wave plate, the half wave plate or the reflector for the ith time;
s is the optical path of the laser through the following paths: the laser is emitted from the distance measuring instrument, reflected by the first polarization beam splitter, then sequentially passes through the combined lens group, the half-wave plate, the second polarization beam splitter, the folded light path lens group and the first quarter-wave plate, reaches the 0# reflector to be reflected, returns to the second polarization beam splitter through the original path, is sequentially reflected by the second polarization beam splitter, the 1# reflector and the third polarization beam splitter, and finally reaches the 0# reflector through the second quarter-wave plate; the unit m;
d is the optical path length m from the 0# reflecting plate to the distance meter through the second quarter-wave plate, the third polarizing beam splitter and the first polarizing beam splitter;
rho' is the reflectivity of the 0# reflector plate;
ρ is the reflectivity of the standard reflector plate in the verification procedure: when the measured distance is not more than 50m, the measured distance is 0.18, and when the measured distance is more than 50m, the measured distance is 0.90;
the calibration operation steps are as follows:
A. determining the distribution positions of all measuring points according to the requirements of JJG996-2010 handheld laser range finders;
B. and (3) performing indicating error calibration on each measuring point from far to near according to B1-B4, wherein in the calibration process, the distance between two lenses in the combined lens group is adjusted according to the spot size of the measuring standard or the distance meter on the 0# reflecting plate, so that the spot size of the measuring standard or the distance meter on the 0# reflecting plate is smaller than that of the 0# reflecting plate:
b1, placing the measurement standard on the calibration platform, enabling the laser optical axis of the measurement standard to be opposite to the first polarization beam splitter, and enabling the light spot center of the measurement standard to be located at the center of the surface of the 0# reflecting plate;
b2, adjusting the folding light path mirror group according to the distance D between the measuring point to be calibrated and the distance meter to make the indication value of the measuring standard device be D, and taking the indication value D of the measuring standard device at the moment as DoiThe center of a light spot of the measuring standard device is positioned at the center of the surface of the 0# reflecting plate in the adjusting process;
b3, replacing the measuring standard device with a distance measuring device, aligning the reference surface of the distance measuring device with the position of the measuring standard device with the indication value of 0, adjusting to enable the laser optical axis of the distance measuring device to be opposite to the first polarizing beam splitter, and enabling the center of the light spot of the distance measuring device to be located at the center of the surface of the 0# reflecting plate;
b4 distance measuring instrumentRanging was performed in a single measurement, 5 readings were taken, and the average was taken as the measured value Di(ii) a Measured value DiAnd DoiThe difference is used as the indication error e of the measuring pointi；
C. The calibration is complete.
The reflecting mirror of the folding light path mirror group is a plane mirror.
The reflecting mirror of the folding light path mirror group is a prism.
The light path principle of the calibration method for the indicating value error of the handheld laser range finder is as follows:
the s light component of the laser emitted from the distance meter is reflected by the first polarization spectroscope, and the light beam is converged after passing through the combined lens group and becomes p light after passing through the half wave plate; the p light passes through the second polarization spectroscope, passes through the folded light path lens group, passes through the first quarter-wave plate, is reflected by the 0# reflector and then passes through the first quarter-wave plate again, and at the moment, the p light becomes s light; then the s light returns along the original light path until the second polarization beam splitter is reflected, then is reflected by the 1# reflector and the third polarization beam splitter, and is irradiated on the 0# reflector plate through the second quarter-wave plate; the laser diffusely reflected by the 0# reflecting plate passes through the second quarter-wave plate to be changed into p light, passes through the third polarization beam splitter and the first polarization beam splitter and is received by the distance meter.
The calibration principle of the calibration method for the indication error of the handheld laser range finder is as follows:
1. measuring principle of range finder in traditional calibration platform or standard base line
1.1 distance measuring principle of distance measuring instrument
The distance meter sends out a pulse signal, the signal is reflected back by the standard reflecting plate, and is received by the distance meter again after twice the distance between the standard reflecting plate and the distance meter. In the case of an air refractive index of 1, by measuring the time interval t from the emission to the reception of the same pulse signal, a distance value can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002491662990000051
namely: i-2 d0(3)
Namely: 2d0
In formulas (2) and (3):
l is the indication of the rangefinder, m;
c is the speed of light, m/s;
i is the optical path, m, traversed by the laser;
d0is the distance, m, from the standard reflector to the rangefinder.
1.2 received Power calculation of the Range finder
Rangefinders commonly use the following formula to calculate the average received laser power:
Figure BDA0002491662990000052
in formula (4):
Prthe average value W of the laser power received by the distance meter;
Ptthe average power of the laser emitted by the range finder, W;
r is the radius of a receiving lens of the range finder, m;
ttransmittance of the transmitting optical system for the range finder;
rreceiving the transmittance of the optical system for the rangefinder;
ρ is the reflectivity of the standard reflector plate in the verification procedure: when the measured distance is not more than 50m, the measured distance is 0.18, and when the measured distance is more than 50m, the measured distance is 0.90;
Figure BDA0002491662990000061
is the included angle between the normal of the measured point and the measuring direction;
α is the atmospheric attenuation coefficient, km-1；
d0Is the distance, m, from the standard reflector to the rangefinder.
2. Measuring principle of distance measuring instrument in the invention
2.1 distance measuring principle of distance measuring instrument in the invention
The optical path from the rangefinder to the 0# reflector plate is:
Figure BDA0002491662990000062
in formula (5):
nxthe refractive index of the x-th medium on the path from the distance meter to the 0# reflector plate is the cumulative total number of medium types, and the cumulative total number is y;
dxthe distance the laser travels in the xth medium, m.
The optical path from the 0# reflector to the rangefinder is:
Figure BDA0002491662990000063
in formula (6):
nxthe refractive index of the x-th medium on the path from the 0# reflecting plate to the distance meter is Z;
dxthe distance the laser travels in the xth medium, m.
The distance measured by the rangefinder from equation (3) is then:
Figure BDA0002491662990000071
in the case where d is constant, varying s can achieve calibration of the indicating error at different measurement points.
2.2, the laser emitted from the distance meter passes through the polarization beam splitter, the combined lens group, the quarter wave plate and the half wave plate for one time or multiple times, is reflected by the polarization beam splitter and the plane mirror 0# reflecting plate for one time or multiple times, and is finally received by the distance meter. Then equation (4) becomes:
Figure BDA0002491662990000072
in formula (8):
μifor the ith time of laser encountering polarization beam splitter, combined lens group, quarter-wave plate, half-wave plate or reflectorThe ratio of the radiation energy of the reflected light or the transmitted light to the incident light is k;
P′ris the average value, W, of the laser power received by the rangefinder in the present invention;
Ptthe average power of the laser emitted by the range finder, W;
r is the radius of a receiving lens of the range finder, m;
ttransmittance of the transmitting optical system for the range finder;
rreceiving the transmittance of the optical system for the rangefinder;
rho' is the reflectivity of the 0# reflector plate;
Figure BDA0002491662990000073
is the included angle between the normal of the measured point and the measuring direction;
α is the atmospheric attenuation coefficient, km-1；
d is the optical path from the reflector plate to the distance meter, m;
when the indication value of the distance meter is L, neglecting the influence of atmospheric attenuation, in order to make the laser power received by the distance meter in the present invention not lower than the laser power received in the conventional calibration platform or standard baseline, the P 'obtained by calculating equation (8) must be used'rP calculated by more than formula (4)rI.e. by
P′r≥Pr(10)
The formula (10) can be replaced by the formula (4) after the formula (2), the formula (3) and the formula (7) are introduced into the formula (4):
Figure BDA0002491662990000081
the above formula is formula (1).
The calibration method for the indication error of the handheld laser range finder has the following technical characteristics and beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art that the optical path is symmetrical (the optical path from the range finder to the reflecting plate is equal to the optical path from the reflecting plate to the range finder), the measuring method of the 'optical path asymmetry' can ensure that the energy of reflected light (the average power received by the range finder) after the laser passes through the optical path is higher than the receiving threshold of the range finder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure of a calibration device for a calibration method of an indication error of a handheld laser range finder according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a first polarization beam splitter 1, a combined lens group 2, a half wave plate 3, a second polarization beam splitter 4, a folded light path lens group 5, a first quarter wave plate 6, a 0# reflector 7, a 1# reflector 8, a third polarization beam splitter 9, a second quarter wave plate 10, a 0# reflector plate 11 and a measurement standard 12.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the calibration method for the indication error of the handheld laser range finder of the present invention employs a calibration device system comprising a measurement standard 12, a calibration stage (not shown in the figure), a first polarization beam splitter 1, a combined lens group 2, a half-wave plate 3, a second polarization beam splitter 4, a folded optical path lens group 5, a first quarter-wave plate 6, a 0# reflector 7, a 1# reflector 8, a third polarization beam splitter 9, a second quarter-wave plate 10 and a 0# reflector 11;
the measurement standard device 12 is a laser range finder meeting the traceability grade requirement;
the first polarization spectroscope 1 is fixedly arranged on the calibration table, and when the laser optical axis of the measurement standard 12 is over against the first polarization spectroscope 1, the s-wave component of the measurement standard is reflected;
the combined lens group 2 is arranged on the calibration platform and is a coaxial optical system consisting of a convex lens and a concave lens, the distance between the two lenses is adjustable, and laser reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 1 enters along the optical axis of the combined lens group 2 and is converged;
the half wave plate 3 is arranged on the calibration platform and can rotate the polarization direction of the laser passing through the combined lens group 2 by 90 degrees;
the second polarization spectroscope 4 is arranged on the calibration table, when the laser passing through the half-wave plate 3 irradiates the second polarization spectroscope 4, the p-wave component can penetrate through the second polarization spectroscope 4, and when the light beam which is opposite to the laser passing through the half-wave plate 3 in direction and has collinear optical axis irradiates the second polarization spectroscope 4, the s-wave component is reflected;
the folding optical path mirror group 5 consists of 36 reflecting mirrors, the reflecting mirrors are plane mirrors, the laser which passes through the second polarization beam splitter 4 enters the folding optical path mirror group 5 and is reflected among the plane mirrors one by one and then leaves the folding optical path mirror group 5, the polarization direction of the laser in the folding optical path mirror group 5 is vertical to or parallel to an incident surface and a reflecting surface, and the frequency of reflection of the laser among the plane mirror group or the prism group is changed or the distance among the plane mirror group or the prism group is changed so as to change the optical path of the laser in a folding optical path;
the 0# reflector 7 is a plane mirror, the first quarter-wave plate 6 and the 0# reflector 7 are installed on the calibration table, laser leaving the folded light path mirror group 5 passes through the first quarter-wave plate 6, is reflected by the 0# reflector 7 and then passes through the first quarter-wave plate 6 again, in the process, the optical axis is over against the surfaces of the first quarter-wave plate 6 and the 0# reflector 7, and the polarization direction of light beams rotates by 90 degrees;
the 1# reflector 8 is a plane mirror and is arranged on the calibration table, the 1# reflector 8 is used for reflecting the laser reflected by the second polarization spectroscope 4, and the polarization direction of the laser is perpendicular to or parallel to the incident plane and the reflecting plane in the reflecting process;
the third polarization spectroscope 9 is arranged on the calibration table, and the s-wave component of the laser reflected by the 1# reflecting mirror 8 is reflected when the laser irradiates the third polarization spectroscope 9;
the 0# reflecting plate 11 is a diffuse reflecting plate, the second quarter-wave plate 10 and the 0# reflecting plate 11 are fixedly arranged on the second lifting platform, laser reflected by the third polarization beam splitter 9 passes through the second quarter-wave plate 10 and irradiates on the 0# reflecting plate 11, and the optical axis is opposite to the surfaces of the second quarter-wave plate 10 and the 0# reflecting plate 11 and is collinear with the laser optical axis of the measuring standard 12 in the process;
the laser emitted by the distance measuring instrument 10 is circularly polarized light; s can be changed between 15 m and 395m by adjusting the distance between the plane mirrors in the folding optical path lens group 5; 0# reflecting plate7-5, a reflectance ρ' of 0.9; the optical path d of the laser from the 0# reflecting plate 7-5 to the distance meter through the second quarter-wave plate 7-4, the third polarization beam splitter 7-3 and the first polarization beam splitter 1-6 is 5 m; then each muiThe values of (A) are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002491662990000101
In the present embodiment, the average value P 'of the laser power received by the distance meter at each optical path is obtained by neglecting the influence of the atmospheric attenuation'rCompared with the average value P of the laser power received by the range finder in the traditional calibration platform or standard base linerIs a ratio P'r/PrAs shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002491662990000111
As is clear from Table 2, each of the polarizing beam splitter, the combined lens group, the quarter-wave plate, the half-wave plate, the mirror and the 0# reflection plate satisfied P'r≥PrThe requirement of the formula (1) is met:
Figure BDA0002491662990000112
in formula (1):
μithe cumulative total times is k, which is the ratio of the radiation energy of the reflected light or the transmitted light and the incident light after the laser meets the polarization beam splitter, the combined lens group, the quarter wave plate, the half wave plate or the plane mirror for the ith time;
s is the optical path of the laser through the following paths: laser is emitted from a distance meter, reflected by a first polarization spectroscope 1, sequentially passes through a combined lens group 2, a half-wave plate 3, a second polarization spectroscope 4, a folded light path lens group 5 and a first quarter-wave plate 6, reaches a 0# reflector 7, is reflected, returns to the second polarization spectroscope 4 through an original path, is sequentially reflected by the second polarization spectroscope 4, a 1# reflector 8 and a third polarization spectroscope 9, and finally reaches a 0# reflector plate 11 through a second quarter-wave plate 10; the unit m;
d is the optical path length m from the 0# reflecting plate 11 to the distance meter through the second quarter-wave plate 10, the third polarization beam splitter 9 and the first polarization beam splitter 1;
ρ' is the reflectance of the 0# reflection plate 11;
ρ is the reflectivity of the standard reflector plate in the verification procedure: when the measured distance is not more than 50m, the measured distance is 0.18, and when the measured distance is more than 50m, the measured distance is 0.90;
the calibration operation steps are as follows:
A. determining the distribution positions of all measuring points according to the requirements of JJG996-2010 handheld laser range finders;
B. and (3) performing indication error calibration on each measuring point from far to near according to B1-B4, wherein in the calibration process, the distance between two lenses in the combined lens group 2 is adjusted according to the spot size of the measuring standard 12 or the distance meter on the 0# reflecting plate 11, so that the spot size of the measuring standard 12 or the distance meter on the 0# reflecting plate 11 is smaller than that of the 0# reflecting plate 11:
b1, placing the measurement standard 12 on the calibration table, adjusting to make the laser optical axis of the measurement standard 12 opposite to the first polarization beam splitter 1, and the light spot center of the measurement standard 12 is located at the center position of the surface of the 0# reflection plate 11;
b2, adjusting the folding light path mirror group 5 according to the distance D between the measuring point to be calibrated and the distance meter to make the indication value of the measuring standard 12 be D, and taking the indication value D of the measuring standard 12 at the moment as DoiThe center of the light spot of the measuring standard 12 is positioned at the center of the surface of the 0# reflecting plate 11 in the adjusting process;
b3, replacing the measuring standard 12 with a distance measuring instrument, aligning the reference surface of the distance measuring instrument with the position of the measuring standard 12 with the value of 0, adjusting to enable the laser optical axis of the distance measuring instrument to be opposite to the first polarizing beam splitter 1, and enabling the center of the light spot to be located at the center position of the surface of the 0# reflecting plate 11;
b4, the distance meter measures distance in a single measurement mode, 5 readings are taken, and the average value is used as a measured value Di(ii) a Measured value DiAnd DoiThe difference is used as the measurementError in indicating the point ei；
C. The calibration is complete.
Compared with the prior art that the optical path of the laser from the handheld laser range finder to the reflecting plate is equal to the optical path of the laser from the reflecting plate to the range finder, the method increases the reflection or transmission loss of the laser, reduces the diffuse reflection loss, and increases the loss to be less than the reduced loss, so that the reflected light energy of the laser after being folded by the optical path is higher than the receiving threshold of the range finder.

Claims (3)

1. A calibration method for indicating value errors of a handheld laser range finder is characterized by comprising the following steps: the adopted calibration device system comprises a measurement standard device, a calibration table, a first polarization spectroscope, a combined lens group, a half wave plate, a second polarization spectroscope, a folded light path lens group, a first quarter wave plate, a 0# reflector, a 1# reflector, a third polarization spectroscope, a second quarter wave plate and a 0# reflector; the measuring standard device is a laser range finder which meets the tracing grade requirement; the first polarization spectroscope is fixedly arranged on the calibration table, and when the laser optical axis of the measurement standard device is over against the first polarization spectroscope, the s-wave component of the measurement standard device is reflected; the combined lens group arranged on the calibration platform is a coaxial optical system which consists of a convex lens and a concave lens and has adjustable distance between the two lenses, and laser reflected by the first polarization beam splitter is incident along the optical axis of the combined lens group and is converged; the half wave plate is arranged on the calibration platform and can rotate the polarization direction of the laser passing through the combined lens group by 90 degrees; the second polarization spectroscope is arranged on the calibration table, when the laser passing through the half-wave plate irradiates the second polarization spectroscope, the p-wave component can penetrate through the second polarization spectroscope, and when the light beam which is opposite to the laser passing through the half-wave plate in direction and has collinear optical axis irradiates the second polarization spectroscope, the s-wave component is reflected; the folded light path lens group consists of a plurality of reflecting mirrors, laser penetrating through the second polarization beam splitter enters the folded light path lens group, is reflected among the lens groups for a plurality of times and then leaves the folded light path lens group, the polarization direction of the laser in the folded light path lens group is vertical to or parallel to the incident surface and the reflecting surface, and the optical path of the laser in the folded light path lens group can be changed by changing the times of reflection of the laser among the lens groups or changing the distance among the lens groups; the 0# reflector is a plane mirror, the first quarter-wave plate and the 0# reflector are arranged on the calibration table, laser leaving the folded light path mirror group passes through the first quarter-wave plate and is reflected by the 0# reflector and then passes through the first quarter-wave plate again, in the process, the optical axis is opposite to the surfaces of the first quarter-wave plate and the 0# reflector, and the polarization direction of light beams rotates by 90 degrees; the 1# reflector is a plane mirror and is arranged on the calibration table, the 1# reflector is used for reflecting the laser reflected by the second polarization beam splitter, and the polarization direction of the laser is perpendicular to or parallel to the incident plane and the reflecting plane in the reflecting process; the third polarizing beam splitter is arranged on the calibration table, and the s-wave component of the laser reflected by the No. 1 reflector is reflected when the laser irradiates the third polarizing beam splitter; the 0# reflecting plate is a diffuse reflecting plate, the second quarter-wave plate and the 0# reflecting plate are fixedly arranged on the calibration table, laser reflected by the third polarizing beam splitter penetrates through the second quarter-wave plate and then irradiates on the 0# reflecting plate, and in the process, the optical axis is over against the surfaces of the second quarter-wave plate and the 0# reflecting plate and is collinear with the laser axis of the measurement standard device;
each polarization spectroscope, the combined lens group, each quarter wave plate, one-half wave plate, each reflector and the 0# reflector meet the following requirements:
Figure FDA0002491662980000021
in formula (1):
μithe cumulative total times is k, which is the ratio of the radiation energy of the reflected light or the transmitted light and the incident light after the laser meets the polarization beam splitter, the combined lens group, the quarter wave plate, the half wave plate or the reflector for the ith time;
s is the optical path of the laser through the following paths: the laser is emitted from the distance measuring instrument, reflected by the first polarization beam splitter, then sequentially passes through the combined lens group, the half-wave plate, the second polarization beam splitter, the folded light path lens group and the first quarter-wave plate, reaches the 0# reflector to be reflected, returns to the second polarization beam splitter through the original path, is sequentially reflected by the second polarization beam splitter, the 1# reflector and the third polarization beam splitter, and finally reaches the 0# reflector through the second quarter-wave plate; the unit m;
d is the optical path length m from the 0# reflecting plate to the distance meter through the second quarter-wave plate, the third polarizing beam splitter and the first polarizing beam splitter;
rho' is the reflectivity of the 0# reflector plate;
ρ is the reflectivity of the standard reflector plate in the verification procedure: when the measured distance is not more than 50m, the measured distance is 0.18, and when the measured distance is more than 50m, the measured distance is 0.90;
the calibration operation steps are as follows:
A. determining the distribution positions of all measuring points according to the requirements of JJG996-2010 handheld laser range finders;
B. and (3) performing indicating error calibration on each measuring point from far to near according to B1-B4, wherein in the calibration process, the distance between two lenses in the combined lens group is adjusted according to the spot size of the measuring standard or the distance meter on the 0# reflecting plate, so that the spot size of the measuring standard or the distance meter on the 0# reflecting plate is smaller than that of the 0# reflecting plate:
b1, placing the measurement standard on the calibration platform, enabling the laser optical axis of the measurement standard to be opposite to the first polarization beam splitter, and enabling the light spot center of the measurement standard to be located at the center of the surface of the 0# reflecting plate;
b2, adjusting the folding light path mirror group according to the distance D between the measuring point to be calibrated and the distance meter to make the indication value of the measuring standard device be D, and taking the indication value D of the measuring standard device at the moment as DoiThe center of a light spot of the measuring standard device is positioned at the center of the surface of the 0# reflecting plate in the adjusting process;
b3, replacing the measuring standard device with a distance measuring device, aligning the reference surface of the distance measuring device with the position of the measuring standard device with the indication value of 0, adjusting to enable the laser optical axis of the distance measuring device to be opposite to the first polarizing beam splitter, and enabling the center of the light spot of the distance measuring device to be located at the center of the surface of the 0# reflecting plate;
b4, the distance meter measures distance in a single measurement mode, 5 readings are taken, and the average value is used as a measured value Di(ii) a Measured value DiAnd DoiThe difference is used as the indication error e of the measuring pointi；
C. The calibration is complete.
2. The method for calibrating the indication error of the hand-held laser range finder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reflecting mirror of the folding light path mirror group is a plane mirror.
3. The method for calibrating the indication error of the hand-held laser range finder as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reflecting mirror of the folding light path mirror group is a prism.
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