CN111455196A - Treatment method for chromium bronze scrap regeneration - Google Patents
Treatment method for chromium bronze scrap regeneration Download PDFInfo
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- CN111455196A CN111455196A CN202010156800.8A CN202010156800A CN111455196A CN 111455196 A CN111455196 A CN 111455196A CN 202010156800 A CN202010156800 A CN 202010156800A CN 111455196 A CN111455196 A CN 111455196A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/003—Dry processes only remelting, e.g. of chips, borings, turnings; apparatus used therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a processing method for regenerating chromium bronze chips, which comprises the steps of spin-drying, magnetic separation and briquetting a chromium bronze chip material to obtain a chromium bronze chip material block, smelting, deoxidizing, slagging off, vacuumizing and pouring the chromium bronze chip material block to prepare a blank, and finally performing solid melting treatment and aging treatment to obtain a finished product with qualified performance, wherein the performance of the finished product is the same as that of an outsourced blank; the blank prepared by the process is applied to a die in production, so that the chromium bronze chips are recycled, the additional value of the chromium bronze chips is improved, the finished product is suitable for die materials such as gravity casting and low-pressure casting, and the die development cost of a company is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chromium bronze scrap regeneration treatment, in particular to a treatment method for chromium bronze scrap regeneration.
Background
With the continuous and rapid development of national economy and the improvement of the living standard of people, China becomes the first copper consumption country in the world. The urgent demand of brass water heating products in China is increasing day by day, most high-end products of the prior bathroom are brass casting products, and the original sand core process of the casting shop production process is gradually replaced by metal mold gravity casting or low-pressure casting.
In the manufacturing process of brass casting products, chromium bronze chips can be generated, and the chromium bronze chips contain a large amount of oil stains, cutting fluid, water and impurities, and are often sold and treated as base wastes in actual production, so that great waste is caused.
Therefore, the development and reuse of chromium bronze chips has become an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a treatment method for recycling chromium bronze chips, which is used for treating the chromium bronze chips, realizing recycling and improving the additional value of the chromium bronze chips.
The invention is realized by the following steps: a method of processing chromium bronze swarf for recycling, comprising:
step S1, drying the chromium bronze scraps;
s2, carrying out magnetic separation on the dried chromium bronze scraps to obtain chromium bronze scraps;
s3, briquetting the magnetically-selected chromium bronze scraps to obtain a chromium bronze scrap material block;
step S4, putting the chromium bronze crumbs into a smelting furnace, adding a covering agent for smelting, and sampling to detect the component proportion of chromium and copper;
step S5, adding pure metal chromium to supplement the molten chromium bronze solution;
step S6, after melting the pure chromium metal to be added, carrying out deoxidation treatment;
step S7, heating to the temperature T, slagging off after standing for T1 time, and sampling to detect whether the component ratio of chromium and copper is qualified;
step S8, if not, adding pure chromium metal according to the result of the sampling detection in the step S7 until the detection is qualified; discharging the chromium bronze liquid out of the furnace to a casting ladle after the components are qualified;
s9, hoisting the casting ladle into a vacuum tank, vacuumizing, then pouring into a preset casting mold, maintaining the pressure for t2 for feeding, and then taking out the solidified blank and cooling;
step S10, cutting the blank into a preset shape and then processing the blank into a standard die blank;
step S11, carrying out solid melting treatment on the standard die blank;
step S12, performing aging treatment on the standard die blank subjected to solid solution treatment, air cooling, sampling and detecting the result; and (4) comparing the performance of the standard die blank with the preset performance standard, if the performance of the standard die blank is not qualified, executing the step S11 and the step S12 again until the performance is qualified, and warehousing the qualified product.
Further, in the step S4, the chromium bronze chip mass is put into a smelting furnace, and a covering agent is added to the chromium bronze chip mass for smelting, specifically: putting the chromium bronze crumbs into an intermediate frequency furnace with the melting rate of 300kg/h for melting, simultaneously adding borax, and heating to 1350-1400 ℃ after melting.
Further, in the step S5, the calculation manner of the amount of the added pure chromium metal is as follows: and comparing the mass ratio of the chromium to the copper detected in the step S4 with the mass ratio of the chromium bronze in the preset finished product to determine the amount of the pure metal chromium to be added.
Further, the deoxidation processing in the step S6 specifically includes: and after the pure metal chromium is completely melted, adding phosphorus and copper in a mass ratio of 0.03% to deoxidize the chromium bronze liquid, wherein the phosphorus and copper are added in a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy containing 14% of phosphorus.
Further, the step S7 is specifically: heating to 1450-1480 deg.c, stewing for 5min, and sampling to detect the ratio of Cr to Cu.
Further, the step S9 is specifically: and (3) hoisting the casting ladle into a vacuum tank, vacuumizing, then pouring into a preset casting mold, stopping vacuumizing after pouring, then inflating and pressurizing the vacuum tank, performing pressure feeding and maintaining at 0.3MPa for 20min, and then taking out the solidified blank and cooling.
Further, the temperature of the solution treatment in the step S11 is 850 to 1060 ℃.
Further, the step S12 samples and measures properties, wherein the properties include hardness and conductivity.
Further, the predetermined standard performance is: hardness >90HRB, conductivity > 75% IACS.
The invention has the following advantages: a processing method for chromium bronze scrap regeneration comprises the steps of carrying out spin-drying, magnetic separation and briquetting on chromium bronze scrap to obtain a chromium bronze scrap block, smelting, deoxidizing, slagging off, vacuumizing and casting the chromium bronze scrap block to obtain a blank, and finally carrying out solid melting treatment and aging treatment to obtain a finished product with qualified performance, wherein the performance of the finished product is the same as that of an outsourced blank; the blank prepared by the process is applied to a die in production, so that the chromium bronze chips are recycled, the additional value of the chromium bronze chips is improved, the finished product is suitable for die materials such as gravity casting and low-pressure casting, and the die development cost of a company is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a processing method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the vacuum tank according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of fig. 2.
Description of reference numerals:
1. the device comprises a vacuum tank, 11, a rocker, 12, a cover, 13, a cylinder, 14, an air inlet, 15, an air outlet, 16, a graphite rod plug, 17, a traction chain, 18 and a lever;
2. casting a ladle;
3. casting;
4. and (4) pouring a trough.
Detailed Description
The invention concept of the invention is as follows:
firstly, the chromium bronze scraps are pretreated by spin-drying, magnetic separation and briquetting to remove liquid and other metal impurities, and a chromium bronze scrap material block, namely chromium bronze (ZCUCR1)
The chromium bronze (ZCUCR1) is subjected to post-treatment and then is made into a blank by the processes of smelting, deoxidizing, inspecting before discharging, vacuumizing, pouring, solid melting treatment, aging treatment and the like, so that the material with the performance suitable for molds such as gravity casting, low-pressure casting and the like is obtained, the additional value of chromium bronze chips is improved, the mold development cost of a company is reduced, and the competitiveness in the industry is improved.
Referring to figures 1 through 3 of the drawings,
the invention relates to a treatment method for regenerating chromium bronze chips, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, drying the chromium bronze chips to remove oil stains, cutting fluid, water and other liquid stains on the chromium bronze chips;
s2, carrying out magnetic separation on the dried chromium bronze scrap to obtain chromium bronze scrap, wherein the purpose of the magnetic separation is to remove scrap iron, scrapped cutters and the like, so that chromium bronze in the chromium bronze scrap is separated from other metal impurities;
s3, briquetting the magnetically-separated chromium bronze scraps to obtain a chromium bronze scrap material block, so that the melting production efficiency is improved and the chromium bronze scrap material block is convenient to transport to a smelting furnace workshop;
s4, putting the chromium bronze crumbs into a smelting furnace, adding a covering agent borax for smelting, and sampling to detect the component proportion of chromium and copper;
step S5, adding pure metal chromium to supplement the molten chromium bronze solution; this is because chromium is more easily burnt than copper, and is more burnt during the melting process, and therefore, the ratio of chromium to copper components is adjusted to be equal to a predetermined ratio by detecting the ratio of chromium to copper components after melting and adding metallic chromium based on copper;
step S6, after melting the pure metal chromium to be added, carrying out deoxidation treatment to reduce the oxidation reaction of chromium, copper and oxygen as much as possible;
step S7, in the implementation, the temperature is raised to the temperature T, slag is removed after standing for T1 time, the purpose is to prepare before tapping, the temperature is raised, the fluidity of the chromium bronze liquid in a mold cavity is improved when the chromium bronze liquid is poured later, the adverse effect that the defective rate is improved because the chromium bronze liquid is solidified before the chromium bronze liquid is filled in the mold cavity is avoided, and sampling is carried out to detect whether the component proportion of chromium and copper is qualified;
step S8, if not, adding pure chromium metal according to the result of the sampling detection in the step S7 until the detection is qualified; discharging the chromium bronze liquid out of the furnace to a casting ladle after the components are qualified;
step S9, hanging the casting ladle into the vacuum tank 1 for vacuumizing, then pouring into a preset casting mold, stopping vacuumizing after pouring, then inflating and pressurizing the vacuum tank 1, performing pressure feeding at a constant pressure of 0.3MPa for a pressure t2 of 20min, and then taking out the solidified blank for cooling; the purpose of vacuumizing is as follows: firstly, removing hydrogen in the chromium bronze liquid in the casting ladle, and secondly, preventing the chromium bronze liquid from reacting with oxygen in the air in the casting process to cause secondary oxidation and influence the quality of the blank; the purpose of the additional dwell pressure is: secondly, the feeding of a dead head is increased, so that the tissue of the blank is compact, and shrinkage cavities and shrinkage porosity are avoided;
step S10, cutting the blank into a preset shape and then processing the blank into a standard die blank; the preset shape is designed according to the use requirement;
step S11, carrying out solid melting treatment on the standard die blank, and cooling by adopting a water cooling mode;
step S12, performing aging treatment on the standard die blank subjected to solid solution treatment, air cooling, sampling and detecting the result; and (4) comparing the performance of the standard die blank with the preset performance standard, if the performance of the standard die blank is not qualified, executing the step S11 and the step S12 again until the performance is qualified, and warehousing the qualified product.
In the implementation, a preferred embodiment is as follows: in the step S4, the chromium bronze chip material block is placed into a smelting furnace, and a covering agent borax is added for smelting, specifically: putting the chromium bronze crumbs into an intermediate frequency furnace with the melting rate of 300kg/h for melting, adding borax, and heating to 1350-1400 ℃ after melting.
In the implementation, a preferred embodiment is as follows: in step S5, the determination method of the amount of the added pure chromium metal is as follows: from the ratio of chromium and copper detected in said step S4, and compared with a predetermined ratio of chromium bronze in the finished product, it is determined that pure metallic chromium needs to be added, for example, 0.75% of the total mass.
In the implementation, a preferred embodiment is as follows: the deoxidation treatment in the step S6 specifically includes: and after the pure metal chromium is completely melted, adding phosphorus and copper in a mass ratio of 0.03% to deoxidize the chromium bronze liquid, wherein the phosphorus and copper are added in a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy containing 14% of phosphorus. This is to be explained for a mass ratio of 0.03%: for example, when the mass of the chromium bronze solution in the smelting furnace is 1t, the mass of the added phosphorus bronze is 1t 0.03 percent to 1000Kg 0.03 percent to 0.3 Kg.
In the implementation, a preferred embodiment is as follows: the step S7 specifically includes: heating to 1450-1480 deg.c, stewing for 5min, and sampling to detect the ratio of Cr to Cu.
In the implementation, a preferred embodiment is as follows: the step S9 specifically includes: and (3) hoisting the casting ladle into a vacuum tank 1 for vacuumizing, then casting into a preset mold, stopping vacuumizing after the casting is finished, then inflating and pressurizing the vacuum tank 1, performing pressure feeding and maintaining for t2 at the pressure of 0.3MPa for 20min, and then taking out the solidified blank for cooling.
In the implementation, a preferred embodiment is as follows: the temperature of the solution treatment in the step S11 is 850 to 1060 ℃.
In the implementation, a preferred embodiment is as follows: the step S12 samples and measures properties, wherein the properties comprise hardness and conductivity.
In the implementation, a preferred embodiment is as follows: the predetermined standard properties are: hardness >90HRB, conductivity > 75% IACS.
Example (b):
step S1, drying the chromium bronze chips by using a centrifugal machine, and removing oil stains, cutting fluid, water and other liquid stains on the chromium bronze chips;
step S2, carrying out magnetic separation on the dried chromium bronze scrap material by using a magnetic separator, so as to separate chromium bronze from other metal impurities in the chromium bronze scrap material and obtain pure chromium bronze scrap;
s3, briquetting the magnetically-selected chromium bronze scraps by using a briquetting extruder to obtain a chromium bronze scrap material block;
s4, putting the chromium bronze chip blocks into an intermediate frequency furnace with the melting rate of 300kg/h for melting, adding borax as a covering agent, naturally adopting cullet as the covering agent in other embodiments, heating the molten chromium bronze chip blocks to 1350-1400 ℃, for example 1400 ℃, and sampling to detect the mass ratio of chromium to copper;
step S5, comparing the mass ratio of the chromium and the copper detected in the step S4 with the mass ratio of the chromium bronze in a preset finished product to determine the amount of pure chromium metal to be added, and adding the pure chromium metal into the intermediate frequency furnace to supplement the burnt chromium; chromium alone is added because chromium is more easily burnt than copper, and is more burnt during melting, so that when both are burnt, the ratio of chromium to copper components after melting is detected, and metallic chromium is added based on copper at that time, thereby adjusting the ratio of chromium to copper components to be equal to a predetermined ratio; the added pure metal chromium is supplemented by 0.75 percent of the total weight to make up the burning loss of the chromium during metal smelting;
and step S6, after the pure metal chromium is completely melted, adding phosphorus and copper in a mass ratio of 0.03% to deoxidize the chromium bronze liquid, wherein the phosphorus and copper is added by copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy containing 14% of phosphorus. This is to be explained for a mass ratio of 0.03%: for example, when the mass of the chromium bronze solution in the smelting furnace is 1t, the mass of the added phosphorus bronze is 1t 0.03 percent to 1000Kg 0.03 percent to 0.3 Kg. The purpose of the deoxidation treatment is to: the oxygen content in the metal liquid is reduced, and whether the oxygen content meets the standard or not is judged by comparing the stokehole sampling with the standard sample.
Step S7, heating to 1450 ℃, slagging off after standing for 5min, wherein the purpose is to prepare before tapping, and the heating is to improve the fluidity of the chromium bronze liquid in the die when the chromium bronze liquid is poured at the back, so that the adverse effect of improving the defective rate caused by solidification of the chromium bronze liquid after the chromium bronze liquid is not filled in the die cavity of the die is avoided, and sampling is carried out to detect whether the component proportion of chromium and copper is qualified or not;
step S8, if not, adding pure chromium metal according to the result of the sampling detection in the step S7 until the detection is qualified; discharging the chromium bronze liquid out of the furnace to a casting ladle after the components are qualified;
step S9, hanging the casting ladle into the vacuum tank 1, vacuumizing for 300S to ensure that the vacuum degree in the vacuum tank 1 is 2000Pa, then casting into a preset casting mold 3, closing the exhaust hole 15 after casting is finished, stopping vacuumizing, opening the air inlet hole 14, inflating and pressurizing to 0.3MPa constant pressure, maintaining the pressure for 20min for full feeding, and then taking out the solidified blank from the vacuum tank 1 for cooling; the purpose of vacuumizing is as follows: firstly, removing hydrogen in the chromium bronze liquid in the casting ladle, and secondly, preventing the chromium bronze liquid from reacting with oxygen in the air in the casting process to cause secondary oxidation and influence the quality of the blank; and the purpose of pressure maintaining is as follows: secondly, the feeding of a dead head is increased, so that the tissue of the blank is compact, and shrinkage cavities and shrinkage porosity are avoided; in a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is an example of a conventional vacuum tank, the exhaust hole 15 is used for connecting an air extracting device, for example, a vacuum pump is used, a control valve is arranged at a connection position of the exhaust hole 15 and the vacuum pump to perform vacuum extraction, and the exhaust hole 15 is closed after the vacuum extraction meets requirements; the air inlet 14 is used for inflating and pressurizing so as to perform pressure maintaining and feeding, the air inlet 14 is connected to a pressurizing device before use, for example, an air compressor is adopted, a control valve is arranged at the connection position of the air inlet 14 and the air compressor, and the air inlet 14 is in a closed state in the air suction process. After the vacuum tank 1 is vacuumized to reach a preset vacuum degree, the rocker 11 is shaken to roll up the traction chain 17, the lever 18 is pulled, and the graphite rod plug 16 is lifted, so that the chromium bronze liquid in the casting ladle 2 flows into the casting groove 4 below and finally flows into a preset mould 3, namely the casting mould 3; then closing the exhaust hole 15 and stopping vacuumizing, then opening the air inlet hole 14, inflating and pressurizing the vacuum tank 1 to a constant pressure of 0.3MPa, maintaining the pressure for 20min for full feeding, then stopping inflating, and finally taking out the solidified blank from the vacuum tank 1 for cooling;
step S10, cutting the blank into a preset shape, and milling each surface by a milling machine to reach a preset surface precision so as to form a standard die blank; the preset shape is designed according to the use requirement; detecting the electrical conductivity (50-60%) IACS and the Brinell hardness (60-70) HRB of the cast state;
step S11, carrying out solid melting treatment on the standard die blank, wherein the temperature is 850-1060 ℃, for example, the standard blank is taken out after being kept at 900 ℃ for 3 hours and is directly cooled by water, and the detected result is 83% IACS and 61 HRB;
step S12, performing aging treatment on the blank subjected to solid solution treatment, wherein the standard blank subjected to solid solution treatment in the step S11 is subjected to aging treatment at the temperature of 450-500 ℃, for example, is subjected to air cooling sampling after being kept at 480 ℃ in a furnace for 4 hours, and the test result shows that the conductivity is 89% IACS and the Brinell hardness is 107HRB, and the performance is qualified; and if not, re-executing the step S11 until the detection performance is qualified, and warehousing after the detection performance is qualified.
The results of the detection by sampling were: the processed standard die blank has the hardness of 107HRB detected by an electronic Brinell hardness tester and the conductivity of 89% IACS detected by a conductivity detector, and meets the die application of the blank in production, and the preset standard performance requirements are as follows: hardness >90HRB, conductivity > 75% IACS.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A treatment method for regenerating chromium bronze chips is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, drying the chromium bronze scraps;
s2, carrying out magnetic separation on the dried chromium bronze scraps to obtain chromium bronze scraps;
s3, briquetting the magnetically-selected chromium bronze scraps to obtain a chromium bronze scrap material block;
step S4, putting the chromium bronze crumbs into a smelting furnace, adding a covering agent for smelting, and sampling to detect the component proportion of chromium and copper;
step S5, adding pure metal chromium to supplement the molten chromium bronze solution;
step S6, after melting the pure chromium metal to be added, carrying out deoxidation treatment;
step S7, heating to the temperature T, slagging off after standing for T1 time, and sampling to detect whether the component ratio of chromium and copper is qualified;
step S8, if not, adding pure chromium metal according to the result of the sampling detection in the step S7 until the detection is qualified; discharging the chromium bronze liquid out of the furnace to a casting ladle after the components are qualified;
s9, hoisting the casting ladle into a vacuum tank, vacuumizing, then pouring into a preset casting mold, maintaining the pressure for t2 for feeding, and then taking out the solidified blank and cooling;
step S10, cutting the blank into a preset shape and then processing the blank into a standard die blank;
step S11, carrying out solid melting treatment on the standard die blank;
step S12, performing aging treatment on the standard die blank subjected to solid solution treatment, air cooling, sampling and detecting the result; and (4) comparing the performance of the standard die blank with the preset performance standard, if the performance of the standard die blank is not qualified, executing the step S11 and the step S12 again until the performance is qualified, and warehousing the qualified product.
2. The method for processing chromium bronze chips according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, the chromium bronze chip material block is placed into a smelting furnace, and a covering agent is added to the chromium bronze chip material block for smelting, specifically: putting the chromium bronze crumbs into an intermediate frequency furnace with the melting rate of 300kg/h for melting, simultaneously adding borax, and heating to 1350-1400 ℃ after melting.
3. The method for processing chromium bronze chips according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the calculation method of the amount of the added pure chromium metal is as follows: and comparing the mass ratio of the chromium to the copper detected in the step S4 with the mass ratio of the chromium bronze in the preset finished product to determine the amount of the pure metal chromium to be added.
4. The method for processing chromium bronze chips according to claim 1, wherein: the deoxidation treatment in the step S6 specifically includes: and after the pure metal chromium is completely melted, adding phosphorus and copper in a mass ratio of 0.03% to deoxidize the chromium bronze liquid, wherein the phosphorus and copper are added in a copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy containing 14% of phosphorus.
5. The method for processing chromium bronze chips according to claim 1, wherein: the step S7 specifically includes: heating to 1450-1480 deg.c, stewing for 5min, and sampling to detect the ratio of Cr to Cu.
6. The method for processing chromium bronze chips according to claim 1, wherein: the step S9 specifically includes: and (3) hoisting the casting ladle into a vacuum tank, vacuumizing, then pouring into a preset casting mold, stopping vacuumizing after pouring, then inflating and pressurizing the vacuum tank, performing pressure feeding and maintaining at 0.3MPa for 20min, and then taking out the solidified blank and cooling.
7. The method for processing chromium bronze chips according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the solution treatment in the step S11 is 850 to 1060 ℃.
8. The method for processing chromium bronze chips according to claim 1, wherein: the step S12 samples and measures properties, wherein the properties comprise hardness and conductivity.
9. The method for processing chromium bronze chips according to claim 8, wherein: the predetermined standard properties are: hardness >90HRB, conductivity > 75% IACS.
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| CN202010156800.8A CN111455196A (en) | 2020-03-09 | 2020-03-09 | Treatment method for chromium bronze scrap regeneration |
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