CN111454739A

CN111454739A - Biomass comprehensive utilization device of biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler

Info

Publication number: CN111454739A
Application number: CN202010180547.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王凯
Original assignee: Shanghai Dynamic Bank Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Dynamic Bank Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-16
Filing date: 2020-03-16
Publication date: 2020-07-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass comprehensive utilization device of a biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler, which relates to the technical field of biomass energy and comprises a feeding system, a pyrolysis charcoal-making and cooling system and a flue gas system, wherein the feeding system comprises a material drying device, a material conveying device, a material storage device, an upper end blanking device and a material control device; the pyrolysis carbon-making and cooling system comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a lower end blanking device, a carbon block cooling and conveying device and a circulating cooling device; the smoke and air system comprises a pyrolysis gas channel, a smoke channel and a direct-fired boiler, wherein the gas inlet of the direct-fired boiler is connected with the pyrolysis furnace through the pyrolysis gas channel, and the gas outlet of the direct-fired boiler is respectively connected with the user side, the pyrolysis furnace and the material drying device through the smoke channel. According to the biomass pyrolysis system and the direct-fired boiler, the biomass pyrolysis system and the direct-fired boiler are coupled, so that the problems of equipment blockage or corrosion and the like caused by tar condensation are avoided, and the efficient application of the biomass in energy cascade circulation is realized.

Description

Biomass comprehensive utilization device of biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy, in particular to a biomass comprehensive utilization device of a biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler.

Background

With the economic development of China, the energy problems of shortage of conventional energy resources, serious environmental pollution in utilization and the like have become one of the main factors restricting the sustainable development of the society, so the development of new energy is in great trend. As a big agricultural country, the method has great economic, environmental and social benefits, solves the problems of environmental pollution, resource waste and the like caused by landfill, incineration or biogas production in the traditional treatment mode of the agricultural and forestry wastes, improves the soil quality, reduces heavy metal pollution, realizes the high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of the agricultural and forestry wastes, saves energy, reduces consumption, constructs a low-carbon, high-efficiency and circular economy development mode, and is a key development direction for the utilization of current social energy.

At present, a method which is mature in utilization of biomass resources and widely applied is a biomass direct-combustion power generation technology, mainly utilizes agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, can also utilize municipal wastes as raw materials, adopts a direct combustion mode to generate power for use, but biomass energy needs to be utilized on a large scale to have obvious economic benefits, and the biomass resources in China are profitable due to the defects of large dispersity, large size, strong seasonality, difficult collection, easy rottenness, good and uneven raw material quality and the like, so that the intensive utilization of the biomass resources needs to invest a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources, and high raw material collection, storage and transportation cost, and is helpful for the deep development of the biomass direct-combustion power generation technology. In addition, due to the particularity of the biomass fuel and the combustion equipment, the combustion process is complex, the heating surface is easy to coke, the boiler efficiency is low, and the operation level needs to be improved; the density of the biomass raw material is small, the storage and stacking site is also required to be large, rain-proof, moisture-proof and fire-proof facilities need to be built, and the maintenance cost is high.

The emerging biomass pyrolysis technology is a process of heating a biomass raw material under the anaerobic or anoxic condition and thermally decomposing the biomass raw material to obtain solid product carbon, liquid product tar and non-condensable combustible gas, and the solid product carbon, the liquid product tar and the non-condensable combustible gas can be respectively utilized according to needs, so that a series of inherent problems of raw material limitation, site limitation, operation limitation and the like in biomass direct combustion utilization are overcome. The biomass pyrolysis technology in China is still in the research and development stage, and although the biomass pyrolysis utilization has the advantages of low initial investment of simplified infrastructure, short construction period, small dependence on raw material price and the like, the easily-condensed and difficultly-decomposed tar in pyrolysis products often easily blocks or corrodes parts such as pipelines and valves, and meanwhile, the purer and high-quality pyrolysis gas is difficult to obtain for storage and utilization, and the problems become front-end problems which need to be solved in the research and development process of the pyrolysis technology.

Based on the above problems, there is a need for providing a biomass comprehensive utilization device for biomass pyrolysis coupled direct-fired boilers, which avoids the disadvantages of easy coking of heating surfaces, low boiler efficiency, large floor area, high maintenance cost and the like in biomass direct-fired power generation, and solves a series of inherent problems of blockage or corrosion of equipment such as pipelines and valves by tar, which are difficult to avoid in biomass pyrolysis.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problem in practical application, the invention aims to provide a biomass comprehensive utilization device of a biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler, which can fully utilize the modern day-to-day biomass pyrolysis technology to obtain a carbon powder product as a raw material for preparing active carbon, and simultaneously utilizes the modern mature direct-fired technology to introduce pyrolysis product tar and combustible gas into the direct-fired boiler for combustion to provide continuous heat for a pyrolysis furnace so as to avoid the problems of blockage or equipment corrosion caused by tar condensation and realize energy cascade circulation, and the specific scheme is as follows:

a biomass comprehensive utilization device of a biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler comprises a feeding system, a pyrolysis charcoal-making and cooling system and a flue gas system, wherein,

the feeding system comprises a material drying device, a material conveying device, a material storage device, an upper end blanking device and a material control device, wherein the material drying device is sequentially connected with the material storage device and the upper end blanking device through the material conveying device;

the pyrolysis carbon-making and cooling system comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a lower end blanking device, a carbon block cooling and conveying device and a circulating cooling device, wherein a material inlet end of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with an outlet end of the upper end blanking device, the material control device is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace, a carbon material outlet end of the pyrolysis furnace is sequentially connected with the lower end blanking device and the carbon block cooling and conveying device through conveying pipelines, and the circulating cooling device is sequentially connected with the carbon block cooling and conveying device and the carbon material outlet end of the pyrolysis furnace;

the flue gas air system includes pyrolysis gas passageway, flue gas passageway and direct combustion boiler, the air inlet of direct combustion boiler passes through pyrolysis gas passageway with the pyrolysis oven links to each other, flue gas passageway includes at least one high temperature flue gas distributor, at least one first flue gas pipeline and second flue gas pipeline, the first gas outlet of direct combustion boiler passes through pipeline and links to each other with the user side, the second gas outlet of direct combustion boiler furnace body passes through at least one first flue gas pipeline with the pyrolysis oven links to each other, and every first flue gas pipeline and one high temperature flue gas distributor correspond continuously, at least one high temperature flue gas device sets gradually along the direction of height of pyrolysis oven, the third gas outlet of direct combustion boiler afterbody flue pass through the second flue gas pipeline with material drying device links to each other.

Further, the tail flue of the direct-fired boiler and the material drying device are respectively connected with the flue gas purification device through the conveying pipeline.

Further, a pyrolysis gas induced draft device is arranged on the pyrolysis gas channel and used for introducing combustible gas and tar gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace into the direct-fired boiler;

the first flue gas pipeline is provided with a high-temperature flue gas induced draft device, and the high-temperature flue gas induced draft device is used for introducing part of high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-fired boiler into the pyrolysis furnace;

and a material drying and air inducing device is arranged on the second flue gas pipeline, and the material drying device is used for introducing part of high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-fired boiler into the material drying device.

Further, the storage device, the upper end blanking device, the pyrolysis furnace, the lower end blanking device and the carbon block cooling and conveying device are sequentially connected from top to bottom through conveying pipelines.

Furthermore, at least one set of temperature detection device and pressure detection device is arranged in the pyrolysis furnace.

Furthermore, the high-temperature flue gas distribution device comprises a high-temperature flue gas inlet pipe, an air distribution ring pipe and air distribution spray pipes, one end of the high-temperature flue gas inlet pipe is communicated with the first flue gas pipeline, the other end of the high-temperature flue gas inlet pipe is communicated with the air distribution ring pipe, the air distribution ring pipe is located in the pyrolysis furnace, and the inner side and the outer side of the air distribution ring pipe are evenly communicated with the plurality of air distribution spray pipes along the circumferential direction of the air distribution ring pipe.

Furthermore, the air distribution spray pipes are arranged into equal-diameter spray pipe groups and/or variable-diameter spray pipe groups.

Furthermore, the material control device comprises at least one electric ejector rod and a pressure plate, the output end of the electric ejector rod extends into the pyrolysis furnace and is connected with the pressure plate through a flange, the pressure plate is positioned in the pyrolysis furnace, and the electric ejector rod is used for driving the pressure plate to vertically reciprocate along the height direction of the pyrolysis furnace;

the pressure plate is designed into a disc-shaped structure which is uniformly provided with a plurality of through holes along the circumferential direction and is extended outwards along the radial direction.

Furthermore, the charcoal material outlet end of the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a furnace bottom supporting seat, the furnace bottom supporting seat is provided with a buffer protection and cooling device, the buffer protection and cooling device comprises a buffer baffle, a support and a circulating cooling channel, the buffer baffle passes through the support and is connected with the furnace bottom supporting seat, and the furnace bottom supporting seat is communicated with the buffer baffle to form the circulating cooling channel.

Further, the buffer baffle is higher than the horizontal plane of the top of the furnace bottom supporting seat and is positioned in the pyrolysis furnace; the outer diameter of the buffer baffle is not larger than the inner diameter of the furnace body of the pyrolysis furnace;

the angle between the buffer baffle and the bracket is set to be 45-85 degrees.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the biomass comprehensive utilization device provided by the invention, a biomass pyrolysis system is coupled with a direct-fired boiler, compared with the situation that only the direct-fired boiler is used for biomass power generation or only the biomass pyrolysis is used for preparing carbon powder, tar and combustible gas products, the defects that a heating surface is easy to coke, the boiler efficiency is low, the occupied area is large, the maintenance cost is high and the like in biomass direct-fired power generation are overcome, and meanwhile, the tar and pyrolysis gas are introduced into the direct-fired boiler for combustion and supply heat to the pyrolysis furnace, so that a series of inherent problems that the tar is difficult to avoid in biomass pyrolysis blocks or corrodes equipment such as pipelines and valves, the pyrolysis gas contains more impurities and the like are solved;

(2) most of heat required by the biomass pyrolysis charcoal making system provided by the invention is supplied by heat of high-temperature flue gas generated by directly burning pyrolysis products of combustible gas and tar gas in a direct-fired boiler, auxiliary heating equipment is not needed, the high-temperature flue gas is continuously fed into the pyrolysis furnace for heating and is introduced into the direct-fired boiler again for burning, so that the high-temperature flue gas is completely burnt, and meanwhile, the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into a material drying device for drying materials, so that the maximum utilization of energy is realized.

(3) The high-temperature flue gas distribution device is arranged in the pyrolysis furnace, so that part of high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-fired boiler is uniformly introduced into the pyrolysis furnace, and the high-temperature flue gas is fully mixed with the biomass raw material in the pyrolysis furnace, the problem that the high-temperature flue gas and the biomass raw material in the vertical pyrolysis furnace are difficult to uniformly mix is solved, local overheating in the furnace caused by uneven distribution of heat supply flue gas is avoided, and the pyrolysis efficiency is improved;

(4) the material control device is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace, when the biomass raw material is fed into the pyrolysis furnace through the upper end blanking device, the material control device and the pressure plate automatically reciprocate along the height direction of the pyrolysis furnace, and the biomass raw material entering the pyrolysis furnace is continuously pressed downwards, so that the problems that the biomass raw material adheres to the wall on the inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace and bridges are formed on the high-temperature flue gas distribution device are solved, and the pyrolysis efficiency is improved;

(5) through set up buffer protection and cooling device on the stove bottom supporting seat at the pyrolysis oven, the pyrolytic reaction result falls to buffer protection and cooling device when reactor inner chamber descends, and the power of unloading buffering is exported the utilization after being cooled down, effectively cuts the impact of reducing the product material to stove bottom precision instrument, the change rate of greatly reduced stove bottom part, and combine together with cooling back device ingeniously, when playing the cooling furnace body, it does benefit to follow-up result processing and utilizes to reduce the result temperature.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature flue gas distribution device according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the material control device of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a platen in the material control device of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the buffer protection and cooling device according to the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a feed system; 11. a material drying device; 12. a material conveying device; 13. a material storage device; 14. an upper end blanking device; 15. a material control device; 151. an electric ejector rod; 152. a platen; 2. A pyrolysis charcoal making and cooling system; 21. a pyrolysis furnace; 22. a furnace bottom supporting seat; 23. a buffer protection and cooling device; 231. a buffer baffle; 232. a support; 233. a circulating cooling channel; 24. a lower end blanking device; 25. a carbon block cooling and conveying device; 26. a circulating cooling device; 3. a flue gas and air system; 31. a pyrolysis gas channel; 311. a pyrolysis gas induced draft device; 32. a flue gas channel; 321. a high temperature flue gas distribution device; 3211. a high-temperature flue gas inlet pipe; 3212. an air distribution ring pipe; 3213. an air distribution nozzle; 322. a first flue gas duct; 3221. A high-temperature flue gas induced draft device; 323. a second flue gas duct; 3231. a material drying and air inducing device; 33. A direct fired boiler; 4. a delivery conduit; 5. a flue gas purification device.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

As shown in fig. 1, a biomass comprehensive utilization device of a biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler comprises a feeding system 1, a pyrolysis charcoal-making and cooling system 2 and a flue gas system 3, wherein the feeding system 1 comprises a material drying device 11, a material conveying device 12, a material storage device 13, an upper end blanking device 14 and a material control device 15, the pyrolysis charcoal-making and cooling system 2 comprises a pyrolysis furnace 21, a lower end blanking device 24, a charcoal block cooling and conveying device 25 and a circulating cooling device 26, the flue gas system 3 comprises a pyrolysis gas channel 31, a flue gas channel 32 and a direct-fired boiler 33, wherein the material drying device 11 is connected with the material storage device 13 through the material conveying device 12, the material storage device 13, the upper end blanking device 14, the pyrolysis furnace 21, the lower end blanking device 24 and the charcoal block cooling and conveying device 25 are sequentially connected from top to bottom through a conveying pipeline 4, the charcoal material exit end of pyrolysis oven 21 links to each other with lower extreme doffer 24 and charcoal piece cooling conveyor 25 through pipeline 4 in proper order, circulative cooling device 26 links to each other with the charcoal piece cooling conveyor 25 and the charcoal material exit end of pyrolysis oven 21 in proper order, wholly constitute living beings pyrolysis system charcoal system, the end of giving vent to anger of direct-fired boiler 33 through pyrolysis gas passageway 31 and pyrolysis oven 21 links to each other, the end of giving vent to anger links to each other with the user end of direct-fired boiler 33 furnace body, direct-fired boiler 33 furnace body still links to each other with the inlet end of pyrolysis oven 21 furnace body and material drying device 11 respectively through flue gas passageway 32, still be provided with gas purification device 5, material drying device 11 passes through pipeline 4 and links to each other with gas purification device 5, direct-fired boiler 33 also links to each other with gas.

The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler has the following overall working process: the method comprises the steps that original biomass materials are dried to a certain degree through a material drying device 11 and then are put into a pyrolysis furnace 21 through a material conveying device 12, a material storage device 13, an upper end blanking device 14 and a material control device 15 in sequence, the raw materials are subjected to heat absorption under the anaerobic and anoxic conditions to generate a carbon material, a combustible gas and a small amount of tar gas through a thermal decomposition reaction, the combustible gas and the tar gas are conveyed into a direct-fired boiler 33 through a thermal decomposition gas channel 31 to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas and are heated to a medium to generate saturated steam or superheated steam, the saturated steam or the superheated steam is led out through a pipeline to be supplied to a user, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is partially led out from a hearth of the direct-fired boiler 33 directly, is led into the pyrolysis furnace 21 in a proper amount according to the heat required by pyrolysis of biomass raw materials, and is uniformly mixed with the biomass raw, the high-temperature flue gas introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 21, pyrolysis gas and tar gas generated by pyrolysis of the biomass raw material are sent into the direct-fired boiler 33 again for combustion, and the cycle is repeated; the other part of high-temperature flue gas is led out from a tail flue of the direct-fired boiler 33 according to the heat required by the original biomass material drying, and is led into the material drying device 11 through the conveying pipeline 4 to dry the material to the required requirement; the redundant high-temperature flue gas, the flue gas returned by the pyrolysis furnace 21 and the material drying device 11 and the flue gas generated by the direct-fired boiler 33 after combustion are converged into one path, and the flue gas is purified; and when the carbon material generated by pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace 21 falls to the carbon material outlet of the pyrolysis furnace 21, the carbon material is sent to the carbon block cooling and conveying device 25 through the lower end blanking device 24 and is cooled again, and finally, the biomass carbon material is formed for utilization.

The biomass comprehensive utilization device is provided with a controller, optionally, the controller is a P L C controller, at the same time, at least one set of temperature detection device and pressure detection device is arranged in the pyrolysis furnace 21, and the controller is electrically connected with the temperature detection device and the pressure detection device.

The flue gas channel 32 comprises at least one high-temperature flue gas distribution device 321, at least one first flue gas pipeline 322 and a second flue gas pipeline 323, a first gas outlet of the direct-fired boiler 33 is connected with a user end through the conveying pipeline 4, a second gas outlet of a furnace body of the direct-fired boiler 33 is connected with the pyrolysis furnace 21 through at least one first flue gas pipeline 322, each first flue gas pipeline 322 is correspondingly connected with one high-temperature flue gas distribution device 321, and at least one high-temperature flue gas device is sequentially arranged along the height direction of the pyrolysis furnace 21. Thus, the efficiency of the high-temperature flue gas in the direct-fired boiler 33 entering the pyrolysis furnace 21 is increased, and the working efficiency of the whole device is improved.

In addition, a pyrolysis gas induced draft device 311 is arranged on the pyrolysis gas channel 31, and the pyrolysis gas induced draft device 311 is used for introducing combustible gas and tar gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace 21 into the direct-fired boiler 33;

the first flue gas pipeline 322 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas induced draft device 3221, and the high-temperature flue gas induced draft device 3221 is used for introducing part of high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-fired boiler 33 into the pyrolysis furnace 21;

a material drying air inducing device 3231 is arranged on the second flue gas pipeline 323, and the material drying air inducing device 3231 is used for introducing part of high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-fired boiler 33 into the material drying device 11.

In this way, circulation of gas and heat between the biomass pyrolysis system coupled direct fired boiler 33 can be ensured.

As shown in fig. 2-3, the high temperature flue gas distribution device 321 includes a high temperature flue gas inlet pipe 3211, an air distribution ring pipe 3212 and an air distribution nozzle 3213, one end of the high temperature flue gas inlet pipe 3211 is communicated with the first flue gas pipe 322, the other end is communicated with the air distribution ring pipe 3212, the air distribution ring pipe 3212 is located in the pyrolysis furnace 21, and the inner side and the outer side of the air distribution ring pipe 3212 are uniformly communicated with a plurality of air distribution nozzles 3213 along the circumferential direction. Optionally, the high temperature flue gas distribution device 321 is provided with a plurality of sets on the upper, middle and lower sections of the pyrolysis furnace 21. Thus, the high-temperature flue gas to the pyrolysis furnace 21 is delivered to the high-temperature flue gas distribution device 321 through the high-temperature flue gas induced draft device 3221, and is uniformly distributed to a plurality of groups of air distribution spray pipes 3213 arranged along the circumferential direction of the air distribution ring pipe 3212 to be sprayed into the pyrolysis furnace 21, so that the high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-fired boiler 33 is fully mixed with the biomass raw material in the pyrolysis furnace 21, local overheating in the furnace caused by uneven distribution of heat supply flue gas is avoided, and the pyrolysis efficiency is improved.

The air distribution nozzle 3213 is provided as an equal-diameter nozzle group and/or a variable-diameter nozzle group. Thus, the requirement of more air injection can be met.

As shown in fig. 4, the pyrolysis furnace 21 is provided with the material control device 15, the material control device 15 includes at least one electric ejector rod 151 and a pressure plate 152, an output end of the at least one electric ejector rod 151 extends to the inside of the pyrolysis furnace 21 and is connected with the pressure plate 152 through a flange, the pressure plate 152 is located inside the pyrolysis furnace 21, and the electric ejector rod 151 is used for driving the pressure plate 152 to make vertical reciprocating motion along the height direction of the pyrolysis furnace 21. This kind, when biomass feedstock drops into pyrolysis furnace 21 through upper end doffer 14, electronic ejector pin 151 drives pressure disk 152 and is automatic along pyrolysis furnace 21's direction of height reciprocating motion from top to bottom, and the biomass feedstock who will get into in pyrolysis furnace 21 constantly pushes down, helps preventing biomass feedstock and adherence on pyrolysis furnace 21 inner wall, helps preventing biomass feedstock from taking a bridge on high temperature flue gas distribution device 321 simultaneously, has improved the pyrolysis efficiency.

As shown in fig. 5, the platen 152 is provided with a disk-shaped structure in which a plurality of through holes are uniformly opened along a circumferential direction thereof and the plurality of through holes are expanded outward along a radial direction thereof. Alternatively, the platen 152 is provided like a spider-web structure. Like this, not only help reducing the dead weight of pressure disk 152, the motion of pressure disk 152 of being convenient for, spider web form or porous structure's setting is favorable to the increase to the pushing scope of raw materials simultaneously to be favorable to accelerating the efficiency of pushing.

As shown in fig. 6, a furnace bottom supporting seat 22 is disposed at a charcoal material outlet end of the pyrolysis furnace 21, a buffer protection and cooling device 23 is disposed on the furnace bottom supporting seat 22, the buffer protection and cooling device 23 includes a buffer baffle 231, a bracket 232 and a circulating cooling channel 233, the buffer baffle 231 is connected with the furnace bottom supporting seat 22 through the bracket 232, and the furnace bottom supporting seat 22, the bracket 232 and the buffer baffle 231 are communicated with each other to form the circulating cooling channel 233. The circulation cooling device 26 supplies a cooling source to the circulation cooling passage 233. Alternatively, the circulating cooling channel 233 is a jacket cooling channel, the number of the brackets 232 is not less than two, and the brackets 232 are welded to the inner wall of the hearth support base 22. Like this, pyrolytic reaction product falls to buffer protection and cooling device 23 on buffer baffle 231 when the reactor inner chamber of pyrolysis oven 21 descends, the circulative cooling medium gets into from pyrolysis oven 21 stove bottom one side, circulate a week through circulative cooling passageway 233 and discharge in pyrolysis oven 21 stove bottom opposite side, pyrolytic reaction product realizes the power of unloading buffering and by output utilization after the cooling, effectively weaken the impact of pyrolytic product to pyrolysis oven 21 stove bottom precision part, the replacement rate of greatly reduced pyrolysis oven 21 stove bottom part, and combine together with circulative cooling device 26 ingeniously, when playing the cooling furnace body, reduce the product temperature, thereby do benefit to the processing utilization of follow-up product.

The buffer baffle 231 is higher than the top horizontal surface of the furnace bottom supporting seat 22 and is positioned in the pyrolysis furnace 21; the outer diameter of the buffer baffle 231 is not greater than the inner diameter of the furnace body of the pyrolysis furnace 21. Meanwhile, optionally, the shape of the buffer baffle 231 includes, but is not limited to, a circle, the center of the buffer baffle 231 is provided with a plurality of pores concentric with the blanking port of the pyrolysis furnace 21, and the pore shape may be any polygon or porous polygon.

The angle between the damper 231 and the bracket 232 is set to 45-85 deg..

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may occur to persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass comprehensive utilization device of a biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler is characterized by comprising a feeding system (1), a pyrolysis charcoal-making and cooling system (2) and a flue gas system (3), wherein,

the feeding system (1) comprises a material drying device (11), a material conveying device (12), a material storage device (13), an upper end blanking device (14) and a material control device (15), wherein the material drying device (11) is sequentially connected with the material storage device (13) and the upper end blanking device (14) through the material conveying device (12);

the pyrolysis carbon-making and cooling system (2) comprises a pyrolysis furnace (21), a lower end blanking device (24), a carbon block cooling and conveying device (25) and a circulating cooling device (26), wherein the material inlet end of the pyrolysis furnace (21) is connected with the outlet end of the upper end blanking device (14), the material control device (15) is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace (21), the carbon material outlet end of the pyrolysis furnace (21) is sequentially connected with the lower end blanking device (24) and the carbon block cooling and conveying device (25) through a conveying pipeline (4), and the circulating cooling device (26) is sequentially connected with the carbon block cooling and conveying device (25) and the carbon material outlet end of the pyrolysis furnace (21);

the flue gas and air system (3) comprises a pyrolysis gas channel (31), a flue gas channel (32) and a direct-fired boiler (33), wherein a gas inlet of the direct-fired boiler (33) is connected with the pyrolysis furnace (21) through the pyrolysis gas channel (31), the flue gas channel (32) comprises at least one high-temperature flue gas distribution device (321), at least one first flue gas pipeline (322) and a second flue gas pipeline (323), a first gas outlet of the direct-fired boiler (33) is connected with a user end through a conveying pipeline (4), a second gas outlet of a furnace body of the direct-fired boiler (33) is connected with the pyrolysis furnace (21) through at least one first flue gas pipeline (322), each first flue gas pipeline (322) is correspondingly connected with one high-temperature flue gas distribution device (321), and at least one high-temperature flue gas distribution device (321) is sequentially arranged along the height direction of the pyrolysis furnace (21), and a third air outlet of the tail flue of the direct-fired boiler (33) is connected with the material drying device (11) through a second flue gas pipeline (323).

2. The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein a tail flue of the direct-fired boiler (33) and the material drying device (11) are respectively connected with a flue gas purification device (5) through the conveying pipeline (4).

3. The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis-charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein a pyrolysis gas air inducing device (311) is arranged on the pyrolysis gas channel (31), and the pyrolysis gas air inducing device (311) is used for introducing combustible gas and tar gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace (21) into the direct-fired boiler (33);

the first flue gas pipeline (322) is provided with a high-temperature flue gas induced draft device (3221), and the high-temperature flue gas induced draft device (3221) is used for introducing part of high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-fired boiler (33) into the pyrolysis furnace (21);

and a material drying and air inducing device (3231) is arranged on the second flue gas pipeline (323), and the material drying device (11) is used for introducing part of high-temperature flue gas generated in the direct-fired boiler (33) into the material drying device (11).

4. The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the storage device (13), the upper end blanking device (14), the pyrolysis furnace (21), the lower end blanking device (24) and the carbon block cooling and conveying device (25) are sequentially connected from top to bottom through a conveying pipeline (4).

5. The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis-charcoal-making coupled direct-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein at least one set of temperature detection device and pressure detection device is arranged in the pyrolysis furnace (21).

6. The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis-char-making coupled direct-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature flue gas distribution device (321) comprises a high-temperature flue gas inlet pipe (3211), an air distribution ring pipe (3212) and air distribution nozzles (3213), one end of the high-temperature flue gas inlet pipe (3211) is communicated with the first flue gas pipe (322), the other end is communicated with the air distribution ring pipe (3212), the air distribution ring pipe (3212) is located in the pyrolysis furnace (21), and the inner side and the outer side of the air distribution ring pipe (3212) are uniformly communicated with the air distribution nozzles (3213) along the circumferential direction.

7. The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis-char-making coupled direct-fired boiler according to claim 6, wherein the air distribution nozzle (3213) is provided as a constant-diameter nozzle group and/or a variable-diameter nozzle group.

8. The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis-charcoal-making coupled direct-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein the material control device (15) comprises at least one electric ejector rod (151) and a pressure plate (152), an output end of the electric ejector rod (151) extends to the inside of the pyrolysis furnace (21) and is connected with the pressure plate (152) through a flange, the pressure plate (152) is located inside the pyrolysis furnace (21), and the electric ejector rod (151) is used for driving the pressure plate (152) to vertically reciprocate along the height direction of the pyrolysis furnace (21);

the pressing plate (152) is of a disc-shaped structure which is uniformly provided with a plurality of through holes along the circumferential direction and radially expands outwards.

9. The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis charcoal-making coupling direct-fired boiler according to claim 1, wherein a furnace bottom supporting seat (22) is arranged at a charcoal material outlet end of the pyrolysis furnace (21), a buffer protection and cooling device (23) is arranged on the furnace bottom supporting seat (22), the buffer protection and cooling device (23) comprises a buffer baffle (231), a bracket (232) and a circulating cooling channel (233), the buffer baffle (231) is connected with the furnace bottom supporting seat (22) through the bracket (232), and the furnace bottom supporting seat (22), the bracket (232) and the buffer baffle (231) are communicated with each other to form the circulating cooling channel (233).

10. The biomass comprehensive utilization device of the biomass pyrolysis-char production coupled direct-fired boiler according to claim 9, wherein the buffer baffle (231) is higher than the top level of the furnace bottom supporting seat (22) and is positioned in the pyrolysis furnace (21); the outer diameter of the buffer baffle (231) is not more than the inner diameter of the pyrolysis furnace (21);

the angle between the buffer baffle (231) and the bracket (232) is set to be 45-85 degrees.