CN210945494U

CN210945494U - Anaerobic middle-temperature downdraft type pyrolysis device

Info

Publication number: CN210945494U
Application number: CN201922099633.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苏钰杰; 赵廷林; 关树义
Original assignee: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
Current assignee: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
Priority date: 2019-11-29
Filing date: 2019-11-29
Publication date: 2020-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2029-11-29

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anaerobic middle temperature downdraft pyrolysis device, which comprises a pyrolysis furnace, wherein a fire grate is arranged in the pyrolysis furnace, a feed inlet is arranged at the position of the pyrolysis furnace above the fire grate, a closed feeder is arranged at the position of the feed inlet, a discharge outlet is arranged at the position of the pyrolysis furnace below the fire grate, a closed discharge device is arranged at the position of the discharge outlet, the anaerobic middle temperature pyrolysis device also comprises an anaerobic middle temperature air source mechanism which is arranged outside the pyrolysis furnace and supplies flue gas to the pyrolysis furnace, the anaerobic middle temperature air source mechanism comprises a burner, and a combustible gas collector is arranged at the position of the pyrolysis furnace below the fire grate; the combustible gas collector is led out of the pyrolysis furnace through a fuel gas collecting pipeline. The utility model discloses form middle temperature field in the pyrolysis oven, can effective control precipitation temperature, guarantee that the living beings in the pyrolysis oven are in the best precipitation temperature who precipitates combustible gas, and then guarantee combustible gas's precipitation effect.

Description

Anaerobic middle-temperature downdraft type pyrolysis device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a living beings pyrolysis technical field, concretely relates to medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device of anaerobic.

Background

The gasification of biomass is a process of subjecting high polymers of biomass to pyrolysis, oxidation, reduction and reforming reactions under certain thermodynamic conditions by the action of air (or oxygen) and steam, and finally converting the high polymers into combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and low molecular hydrocarbons.

The key point of biomass gasification is a gasification furnace, and the gasification furnaces used at present have an updraft type, a downdraft type, an open type, a fluidized bed and the like. The reaction processes of different biomasses are also different, and the reaction of a common gasification furnace can be divided into an oxidation layer, a reduction layer, a cracking layer and a drying layer:

1) an oxide layer; the main reaction of the biomass in the oxidation layer is an oxidation reaction, a gasifying agent is introduced from the lower part of the grate, absorbs heat through an ash layer and then enters the oxidation layer, and a combustion reaction is carried out through high-temperature carbon to generate a large amount of carbon dioxide and release heat at the same time, wherein the temperature can reach 1000-1300 ℃; the combustion in the oxide layer is exothermic reaction, and the reaction heat provides a heat source for the reduction reaction of the reduction layer, and the cracking and drying of the materials.

2) A reduction layer; carbon dioxide and carbon generated in the oxide layer undergo a reduction reaction with water vapor.

3) A cracking layer; the hot gas generated by the oxidation layer and the reduction layer passes through the cracking layer in the ascending process to heat the biomass, so that the biomass in the cracking zone is subjected to cracking reaction.

4) And drying the layer. The gas products passing through the oxidation layer, the reduction layer and the cracking layer rise to the zone, the biomass raw material is heated, water in the raw material is evaporated, heat is absorbed, the generated temperature is reduced, the outlet temperature of the biomass gasification furnace is generally 100-300 DEG C

The oxidation layer and the reduction layer are collectively called as a gasification zone, and the gasification reaction is mainly carried out in the gasification zone; the pyrolysis zone and the drying zone are collectively referred to as a fuel preparation zone.

The invention discloses a composite biomass graded gasification furnace, which comprises a furnace body, wherein a grate is fixed on the side wall below the inner part of the furnace body, a furnace slag cavity is arranged in the space below the grate, an ash discharge port is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body corresponding to the position of the furnace slag cavity, a filter screen is also fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body, the filter screen is positioned above the grate and forms a pyrolysis cavity with the grate, a fine filter is fixed on the top wall inside the furnace body, a feeding mechanism is fixed on the outer side of the furnace body, a primary filter mechanism is fixed on the feeding mechanism, the primary filter mechanism is connected with the feeding mechanism through a feeding pipe, and the primary filter mechanism is respectively connected with the upper part of the side wall of the furnace body and the fine filter mechanism.

The invention discloses a downdraft carbon gas co-production gasifier with the main structure of CN110452736A, which comprises a feed hopper, a feed bin, a gasification reaction chamber, a double-section bucket-shaped water cooling sleeve, a turnover grate and a settling chamber from top to bottom, wherein a carbon discharging auger is arranged at the bottom of the settling chamber, a bucket-shaped material pulling disc is arranged on the inner side of the lower part of the feed bin, and a bucket-shaped ash disc is superposed on the inner side of the upper part of the double-section bucket-shaped water cooling sleeve; firstly, carrying out pyrolysis gasification reaction on the biomass fuel in a gasification reaction chamber to generate fuel gas, and discharging the fuel gas downwards from a fuel gas outlet on the side wall of a settling chamber; the biomass fuel which is not completely reacted in the gasification reaction chamber to generate fuel gas is carbonized, then falls into the settling chamber and is cooled to form biomass carbon, so that the biomass fuel can simultaneously realize carbon gas co-production.

The invention provides, as in publication No. CN107083257B, a biomass gasification system comprising: the gasification furnace comprises a furnace body and a blanking pipeline, wherein the furnace body comprises an air outlet, a grate and a feed inlet, the air outlet is formed in the side wall of the furnace body, the grate is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body and provided with an air inlet, and the blanking pipeline is arranged at the top end of the furnace body corresponding to the feed inlet; the feeding device comprises a storage bin, a feeding pipeline, a material shifting mechanism, a first sealing door, a second sealing door and a sealing assembly, wherein the feeding pipeline is arranged at the top of the storage bin; the sealing assembly comprises a water tank arranged on the storage bin, a channel used for passing through the driving rod is arranged in the water tank, the channel is tubular, and the sealing cover covers the channel.

The technical scheme adopts a conventional gasification furnace arrangement form of an oxidation layer, a reduction layer, a cracking layer and a drying layer, but in application, the gasification agent generally adopts oxygen-containing normal-temperature air which is introduced into a gasification zone from the lower part of a grate, so that the combustion reaction is not well controlled, the temperature is often overhigh (generally 1000 ℃) and exceeds the optimal precipitation temperature of the biomass-precipitated combustible gas, and the precipitation effect of the combustible gas is finally influenced; and the gas of conventional gasifier is derived and is needed high-power fan cooperation, realizes constantly taking out, and the energy consumption is great.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide an anaerobic middle temperature downdraft type pyrolysis device.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

an anaerobic intermediate temperature downdraft type pyrolysis device comprises a pyrolysis furnace, a fire grate is arranged in the pyrolysis furnace, a feed inlet is arranged at the position of the pyrolysis furnace above the fire grate, a closed feeder is arranged at the position of the feed inlet, a discharge outlet is arranged at the position of the pyrolysis furnace below the fire grate, a closed discharger is arranged at the position of the discharge outlet,

the device also comprises an anaerobic medium-temperature gas source mechanism which is arranged outside the pyrolysis furnace and supplies flue gas to the pyrolysis furnace, wherein the anaerobic medium-temperature gas source mechanism comprises a combustor, an inlet of the combustor is connected with an input pipeline for supplying fuel gas to the combustor, the fuel gas is combusted in the combustor to produce the flue gas, an outlet of the combustor is connected with a flue gas output pipeline, and a flue gas conveying pipeline is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace and is positioned above the grate and adjacent to the top of the pyrolysis furnace;

the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a combustible gas collector below the fire grate to form a downdraft structure; the combustible gas collector is led out of the pyrolysis furnace through a fuel gas collecting pipeline.

And the gas collecting pipeline is sequentially connected with a dust remover, a cooler and a conveying fan.

The cooler is equipped with multistage, and multistage cooler establishes ties in proper order forms multistage cooling mechanism on the gas collecting tube way.

The combustor is connected with an air supply fan.

The fire grate is an active fire grate and comprises a plurality of furnace rollers which are horizontally arranged side by side, the furnace rollers are adjacent to each other and are in a group, and the two furnace rollers in the same group alternately rotate in opposite directions and rotate in opposite directions.

The surface of the furnace roller is provided with material poking teeth along the circumferential direction.

The closed feeder comprises a feeding cylinder connected with a feeding hole, the cross section of the feeding cylinder is of a rectangular structure, two feeding rollers which are horizontally arranged are arranged in the feeding cylinder in an up-down tangent mode, the feeding rollers are matched with the feeding cylinder in a sealing mode, and the feeding rollers are circumferentially arranged to form troughs which axially extend.

The closed discharging device is a screw conveyer which is connected with the discharging opening and is horizontally arranged.

A distributor is arranged below the feed inlet in the pyrolysis furnace.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the utility model discloses the anaerobic that produces by the combustor and temperature medium temperature flue gas provide anaerobic medium temperature heat source for the pyrolysis oven about 570-600 ℃, form the temperature field of medium temperature (570-600 ℃) in the pyrolysis oven, can effective control precipitation temperature, guarantee that the living beings in the pyrolysis oven are in the best precipitation temperature who precipitates combustible gas, and then guarantee combustible gas's the effect of appearing. Because the temperature field formed in the pyrolysis furnace is medium temperature (570-600 ℃), the temperature of separated combustible gas is relatively low, and the difficulty of subsequent temperature reduction treatment is reduced.

The flue gas conveying pipeline is guided into the pyrolysis furnace and positioned above the fire grate, the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a combustible gas collector below the fire grate, so that a downdraft structure is formed, raw materials are gradually subjected to anaerobic intermediate temperature pyrolysis from top to bottom under the suction force of the combustible gas collector to separate out combustible gas volatile matters, and simultaneously separated out fuel gas enters the fuel gas collecting pipeline from the combustible gas collector 7 under the suction force of the conveying fan and is discharged to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace, and dust removal and temperature reduction treatment are sequentially performed.

And because the pyrolysis is a boosting process, the requirement on the pumping power of the conveying fan is low, the energy consumption is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the pumping power of the conveying fan is low, less dust is brought out when separated combustible gas is discharged outwards, and the difficulty of subsequent purification treatment is reduced.

Meanwhile, because the pyrolysis furnace is provided with an oxygen-free medium-temperature heat source, carbon in the biomass does not participate in the reaction, the heat value of the separated combustible gas is higher, and the furnace slag after the separation of the combustible gas is carbon furnace slag, falls to a discharge port through a furnace grate, is discharged through a closed type discharging device and can be reused.

2. The utility model provides a grate adopts active grate, and it includes the stove roller that a plurality of levels set up side by side, and two liang of adjacent a set of stove rollers, the alternating carries out rotation in opposite directions and looks back on the back rotation in time, can realize the initiative and arrange the material to guarantee to arrange the homogeneity of material.

3. The utility model discloses well feed inlet department has set the closed feeder, and discharge outlet department has set the closed discharger, has guaranteed the airtight effect in the pyrolysis oven.

4. The utility model discloses be equipped with the cooler on the well gas collecting tube, the cooler is equipped with multistage, and multistage cooler establishes ties in proper order and forms multistage cooling mechanism on gas collecting tube, obtains 80 ℃ after the cooler cooling about dry combustible gas for use, chemical substance in the in-process combustible gas of cooling dissolves in liquid and forms chemical products such as pyrolkigneous liquid simultaneously.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a closed feeder of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the active grate of the present invention rotating in opposite directions;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the active grate of the present invention in a back-to-back rotation.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the utility model discloses an anaerobic middle temperature downdraft pyrolysis device, including pyrolysis furnace 1, be provided with grate 2 in pyrolysis furnace 1, 1 departments of pyrolysis furnace above grate 2 are equipped with the feed inlet, and feed inlet department sets closed feeder 3, and 1 departments of pyrolysis furnace of grate 2 below are formed with sediment storehouse 4, and the sediment storehouse is equipped with the bin outlet downwards, and bin outlet department sets closed discharger 5.

As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the closed feeder 3 includes a feeding cylinder 31 connected to the feeding port, the cross section of the feeding cylinder 31 is a rectangular structure, two feeding rollers 32 horizontally arranged are tangentially arranged in the feeding cylinder 31 up and down, the feeding rollers 32 are matched with the feeding cylinder 31 and are in sealing fit, axially extending troughs 33 are arranged on the feeding rollers 31 along the circumferential direction, and the feeding cylinder 31 is connected to a feeding hopper 34 upward, so as to realize closed feeding. A distributor 35 is arranged below the feed inlet in the pyrolysis furnace 1 to realize uniform distribution.

In this embodiment, the closed discharging device 5 is a screw conveyor connected to the discharge opening and horizontally arranged.

The utility model discloses well closed feeder 3 and the cooperation of closed discharger 4 have guaranteed the airtight effect in the pyrolysis oven.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the grate 2 is an active grate, and includes a plurality of furnace rollers horizontally arranged side by side, the surfaces of the furnace rollers 21 are circumferentially arranged with material-poking teeth 22, the furnace rollers 21 are adjacent in pairs and in one group, and two furnace rollers in the same group are alternately rotated in opposite directions and back to back in time.

Taking six furnace rollers as an example for explanation, the furnace rollers are divided into three groups and form five discharging gaps, when the two furnace rollers rotate oppositely, the first, third and fifth discharging gaps discharge materials downwards, and the second and fourth discharging gaps turn materials upwards; when the two furnace rollers rotate oppositely, the first, third and fifth discharging gaps turn upwards, and the second and fourth discharging gaps discharge downwards, so that active discharging is realized, and the uniformity of discharging is ensured.

The utility model discloses still including locating 1 outsides of pyrolysis oven and to the anaerobic medium temperature air supply mechanism of 1 confession flue gases of pyrolysis oven, anaerobic medium temperature air supply mechanism includes combustor 6, and the access connection of combustor 6 supplies the input pipeline 61 of gas to the combustor, and the combustor still is connected with air supply fan 63. The gas is combusted in the combustor 6 to produce oxygen-free medium-temperature flue gas (the temperature of the flue gas is 570-600 ℃, preferably about 600 ℃), the outlet of the combustor 6 is connected with a flue gas output pipeline 62, and the flue gas output pipeline 62 is led into the pyrolysis furnace and is positioned above the fire grate 2 and adjacent to the top of the pyrolysis furnace 1. In this embodiment, the end of the flue gas duct 62 is located below the indication line 11 at the top of the material bed in the pyrolysis furnace 1.

The pyrolysis furnace 1 is provided with a combustible gas collector 7 at the position below the fire grate to form a downdraft structure. The combustible gas collector 7 is led out of the pyrolysis furnace 1 through a fuel gas collecting pipeline 71, and the fuel gas collecting pipeline is sequentially connected with a dust remover 8, a cooler 9 and a conveying fan 10. The separated fuel gas enters the fuel gas collecting pipeline 71 from the fuel gas collector 7 under the suction force of the conveying fan 10 and is discharged to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace 1, and dust removal and temperature reduction treatment are sequentially carried out.

In this embodiment, the cooler 9 is the shell and tube cooler, and the cooler 9 is equipped with the level four, and the level four cooler establishes ties in proper order and forms multistage cooling mechanism on the gas collecting pipe way.

The working principle of the utility model is as follows: biomass material (refuse, sludge, rubber, etc.) is fed into the pyrolysis furnace 1 by a closed feeder 3, forming a bed indicator as shown at 11 in fig. 1.

The anaerobic middle-temperature flue gas generated by the combustor 6 and with the temperature of about 570-600 ℃ provides an anaerobic middle-temperature heat source for the pyrolysis furnace 1, and a middle-temperature (570-600 ℃) temperature field is formed in the pyrolysis furnace 1, so that the precipitation temperature can be effectively controlled, the biomass in the pyrolysis furnace is ensured to be at the optimal precipitation temperature for precipitating combustible gas, and the precipitation effect of the combustible gas is further ensured. Because a medium-temperature (570-600 ℃) temperature field is formed in the pyrolysis furnace 1, the temperature of the separated combustible gas is relatively low (about 300 ℃), and the difficulty of subsequent temperature reduction treatment is reduced.

Due to the adoption of a downdraft structure, under the action of the suction force of the combustible gas collector 7, the raw materials are gradually subjected to anaerobic medium-temperature pyrolysis from top to bottom to separate out combustible gas volatile matters, and simultaneously separated out fuel gas enters the fuel gas collecting pipeline 71 from the combustible gas collector 7 under the suction force of the conveying fan 10 and is discharged to the outside of the pyrolysis furnace 1, and dust removal and temperature reduction treatment are sequentially carried out. The separated gas is cooled by a cooler 9 to obtain dry combustible gas at about 80 ℃ for later use, and chemical substances in the combustible gas are dissolved in the liquid in the cooling process to form chemical products such as pyroligneous liquor and the like.

And because the pyrolysis is the process of boosting, the requirement on the suction power of the conveying fan 10 is low, the energy consumption is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the pumping power of the conveying fan is low, less dust is brought out when separated combustible gas is discharged outwards, and the difficulty of subsequent purification treatment is reduced.

And because the pyrolysis furnace 1 is provided with an oxygen-free medium-temperature heat source, carbon in the biomass does not participate in the reaction, the heat value of the separated combustible gas is higher, and the furnace slag after the separation of the combustible gas is carbon furnace slag, falls to a discharge port through a furnace grate, is discharged through a closed type discharging device 5 and can be reused.

The utility model discloses be different from conventional gasifier completely and arrange form and principle, effectively guarantee that the living beings in the pyrolysis oven are in the best temperature of appearing combustible gas, and then guarantee the effect of appearing of combustible gas, realize resourceful comprehensive treatment.

The above embodiments are only used for illustrating but not limiting the technical solutions of the present invention, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the present invention may be modified or substituted with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which should be construed as being limited only by the claims.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "back", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element to which the description refers must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an anaerobic medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device, includes the pyrolysis oven, is provided with the grate in the pyrolysis oven, and the pyrolysis oven department of grate top is equipped with the feed inlet, and feed inlet department sets closed feeder, and pyrolysis oven department of grate below is equipped with the bin outlet, and bin outlet department sets closed discharger, its characterized in that:

2. The oxygen-free medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device of claim 1, wherein: and the gas collecting pipeline is sequentially connected with a dust remover, a cooler and a conveying fan.

3. The oxygen-free medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device of claim 2, wherein: the cooler is equipped with multistage, and multistage cooler establishes ties in proper order forms multistage cooling mechanism on the gas collecting tube way.

4. The oxygen-free medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device of claim 1, wherein: the combustor is connected with an air supply fan.

5. The oxygen-free medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device of claim 1, wherein: the fire grate is an active fire grate and comprises a plurality of furnace rollers which are horizontally arranged side by side, the furnace rollers are adjacent to each other and are in a group, and the two furnace rollers in the same group alternately rotate in opposite directions and rotate in opposite directions.

6. The oxygen-free medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device of claim 5, wherein: the surface of the furnace roller is provided with material poking teeth along the circumferential direction.

7. The oxygen-free medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device of claim 1, wherein: the closed feeder comprises a feeding cylinder connected with a feeding hole, the cross section of the feeding cylinder is of a rectangular structure, two feeding rollers which are horizontally arranged are arranged in the feeding cylinder in an up-down tangent mode, the feeding rollers are matched with the feeding cylinder in a sealing mode, and the feeding rollers are circumferentially arranged to form troughs which axially extend.

8. The oxygen-free medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device of claim 1, wherein: the closed discharging device is a screw conveyer which is connected with the discharging opening and is horizontally arranged.

9. The oxygen-free medium temperature downdraft pyrolysis device of claim 1, wherein: a distributor is arranged below the feed inlet in the pyrolysis furnace.