CN111454622B - Polytetrafluoroethylene composite material lubricating strip and application thereof - Google Patents

Polytetrafluoroethylene composite material lubricating strip and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111454622B
CN111454622B CN202010494740.0A CN202010494740A CN111454622B CN 111454622 B CN111454622 B CN 111454622B CN 202010494740 A CN202010494740 A CN 202010494740A CN 111454622 B CN111454622 B CN 111454622B
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polytetrafluoroethylene
lubricating
lubricating strip
copper
composite
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CN111454622A (en
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蒋阳
黄建祥
李梦
江科
汪漫
李姚传
陈童国
童国庆
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C09D127/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/382—Boron-containing compounds and nitrogen
    • C08K2003/385—Binary compounds of nitrogen with boron
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend

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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a polytetrafluoroethylene composite lubricating strip and application thereof, wherein the polytetrafluoroethylene composite lubricating strip comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25-1.25 wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1-5 wt% of boron nitride, 3-8 wt% of polyphenyl ester, 2-15 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene wax and the balance of polytetrafluoroethylene. After the formula is adopted, the raw materials are reasonably selected, and the simultaneous addition of boron nitride, polyphenyl ester and polytetrafluoroethylene wax into the formula is proposed for the first time, so that the lubricating property of the composite material is greatly improved on the premise of not reducing the wear resistance, and meanwhile, the composite material shows excellent mechanical property and the service life is prolonged due to the composite reinforcing effect of all components. The polytetrafluoroethylene lubricating composite lubricating strip is mainly used for lubricating a copper-based pantograph slide plate and a contact wire.

Description

Polytetrafluoroethylene composite material lubricating strip and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polymer composite material, in particular to a polytetrafluoroethylene composite material lubricating strip and application thereof, belongs to a polymer composite lubricating material, and is applied to the field of rail transit.
Background
The pantograph slide plate is an important current collecting element for a rail transit electric locomotive to obtain a power source, is arranged at the uppermost part of a pantograph and is directly contacted with a contact network lead. The sliding plate obtains current from a contact net lead in a static or sliding state to supply power for the locomotive. The powder metallurgy sliding plate has great superiority in the aspects of reducing bow net accidents, maintenance workload, operation cost and the like, and plays a positive role in the development of electric locomotives in China. However, the powder metallurgy sliding plate application also has some problems needing to be perfected and solved, wherein the most prominent and difficult problem is how to reduce the abrasion of the copper contact net lead.
The problem of the bow net relationship is a very complicated problem, and the abrasion of the net and the sliding plate is influenced by various factors, such as sliding plate performance, wire performance, road condition, line construction condition, use load, power supply mode and the like, and is a system problem. Starting from the tribology, if effective lubrication can be added on a friction interface, the abrasion of the contact line lead and the sliding plate can be greatly reduced under the existing condition.
When the copper-based powder metallurgy sliding plate is in contact operation with an infinitely long lead, a layer of uniform lubricating film is difficult to form on the surface of the lead by the self-lubricating effect. In order to reduce the abrasion of the sliding plate and the conducting wire, grease-coated grease-supplemented lubricant is adopted in the past, but the grease-coated grease-supplemented lubricant is maintained on the car roof for a short time, pollutes the car roof, causes accidents, and is not ideal. The solid lubricant is easily coated on the surface of the contact net lead like a crayon to form a compact and uniform film with certain conductive performance, improves the frictional wear performance and has no corrosion effect on a copper lead.
Polytetrafluoroethylene is called as 'plastic king', has excellent chemical stability, acid and alkali resistance and corrosion resistance, and is one of the best corrosion-resistant materials in the world today. Meanwhile, the polytetrafluoroethylene has the characteristic of high temperature resistance, has extremely low friction coefficient, can be used for lubricating, and solves a plurality of problems in the fields of chemical industry, petroleum, pharmacy and the like. However, single polytetrafluoroethylene has poor wettability with water and metal copper of the lead, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene cannot meet the lubricating requirement in rainy and snowy weather conditions and has poor wear resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a polytetrafluoroethylene composite material lubricating strip and application thereof, aiming at overcoming the high friction coefficient and high abrasion between a pantograph slide plate and a lead of a rail transit electric locomotive.
The single polytetrafluoroethylene material can only satisfy the requirement of a certain performance under the usual condition, therefore how can be high temperature resistant simultaneously, wear-resisting, high lubricity have the infiltration nature of certain degree simultaneously then a difficult technological problem who solves, in addition, because polytetrafluoroethylene own characteristic makes fragility high, non-deformable, the resilience is poor, has influenced its result of use. According to the invention, inorganic and organic additives are added into polytetrafluoroethylene to obtain the polytetrafluoroethylene composite material, the polytetrafluoroethylene composite material is applied to the copper-based pantograph pan lubricating strip, is a solid lubricant, has good mechanical properties, can greatly reduce the friction coefficient between the pantograph pan and a lead, and also reduces the abrasion of the lead and the copper-based pantograph pan.
The polytetrafluoroethylene composite lubricating strip comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.25-1.25 wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1-5 wt% of boron nitride, 3-8 wt% of polyphenyl ester, 2-15 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene wax and the balance of polytetrafluoroethylene.
More preferably: 0.25wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1wt% of boron nitride, 3wt% of polyphenyl ester and 95.75 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene.
More preferably: 0.25wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1wt% of boron nitride, 3wt% of polyphenyl ester, 2-10 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene wax and the balance of polytetrafluoroethylene.
The preparation method of the polytetrafluoroethylene composite lubricating strip comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing silicon dioxide aerogel, boron nitride, polyphenyl ester, polytetrafluoroethylene wax and polytetrafluoroethylene according to the proportion, then filling the materials into a polytetrafluoroethylene plastic tank, premixing the materials for 1 to 2 hours on a common horizontal mixer, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain a mixture;
step 2: adding 500mL of ethanol solution (100 vt% ethanol) into the mixture obtained in the step (1) to ensure that the mixture is fully submerged, then adding a silane coupling agent (such as KH-550) with the addition of 0.2wt%, fully stirring uniformly, performing suction filtration, and drying the powder obtained by suction filtration in a vacuum drying oven for 12 hours at the drying temperature of 80 ℃;
and step 3: putting the dried mixed powder into a die for pressing, keeping the pressure at 30MPa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes to obtain a green body;
and 4, step 4: and (3) sintering the green body in a muffle furnace at the sintering temperature of 300-350 ℃, at the heating rate of 50-60 ℃/h and for the heat preservation time of 2 hours, and cooling the sintered green body to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a finished product.
The polytetrafluoroethylene composite lubricating strip is applied to lubrication between a copper-based pantograph slide plate and a contact wire.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the silicon dioxide aerogel added in the formula is a particle reinforcing agent, so that the mechanical property of the composite material can be improved, and the wear resistance of the material can be improved.
2. The hexagonal boron nitride added in the formula is an inorganic lubricating material with low friction coefficient, good high-temperature stability, good heat resistance, high strength, large resistivity and corrosion resistance, and can improve the lubricity and the insulativity of the polytetrafluoroethylene lubricating strip.
3. The silicon dioxide aerogel and the hexagonal boron nitride powder are both inorganic substances, and the silicon dioxide aerogel and the hexagonal boron nitride powder are added into an organic substance matrix, so that the wettability of the composite material and water can be improved, the adhesion between a lubricating strip and a lead under the rain and snow environment condition can be improved, the retention of a lubricating component between a sliding plate and the lead can be improved, and the lubrication under all-weather conditions can be facilitated.
4. The polyphenyl ester added in the formula is an organic polymer material with good self-lubricating property, high tensile strength and high bending strength, and the mechanical property of the composite material can be improved by crosslinking polymerization with polytetrafluoroethylene.
5. The polytetrafluoroethylene wax added in the formula is an organic polymer lubricating material with excellent thermal stability, high temperature resistance, high flame retardance and excellent self-lubricating property, is beneficial to adjusting the hardness of the composite material, and can improve the lubricating property of the polytetrafluoroethylene lubricating strip.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the average coefficient of friction between a copper base sample and a copper ring without a lubricating strip and 5 different lubricating strips.
FIG. 2 is the wear rate of copper-based samples without lubricating strips and with 5 different lubricating strips.
FIG. 3 is a plot of the coefficient of friction at 10A current for copper-based samples without a lubricating strip and a No. 4 lubricating strip.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, the polytetrafluoroethylene lubricating strip is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.25wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1wt% of boron nitride, 3wt% of polyphenyl ester and 95.75 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene.
The preparation method comprises the steps of weighing the powder according to the proportion, then filling the powder into a polytetrafluoroethylene plastic tank, premixing the powder for 1-2 hours on a common horizontal mixer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture; adding 500mL of pure ethanol (with the concentration of 100%) into the mixed powder to ensure that the mixed powder is fully submerged, then adding 1g of silane coupling agent (KH-550) with the mass fraction of 0.2%, fully stirring uniformly, carrying out suction filtration, and drying the powder obtained by suction filtration in a vacuum drying oven for 12 hours at the drying temperature of 80 ℃; then putting the dried mixed powder into a die for pressing, keeping the pressure at 30MPa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes to obtain a green body; and finally, placing the green body into a muffle furnace for sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 300-350 ℃, the heating rate is 50-60 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace after sintering is finished to obtain a finished product.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, the polytetrafluoroethylene lubricating strip is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.25wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1wt% of boron nitride, 3wt% of polyphenyl ester, 2wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene wax and 93.75 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene.
The preparation method was the same as example 1 except that the powder ratio was different.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, the polytetrafluoroethylene lubricating strip is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.25wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1wt% of boron nitride, 3wt% of polyphenyl ester, 5wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene wax and 90.75 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene.
The preparation method was the same as example 1 except that the powder ratio was different.
Example 4:
in this embodiment, the polytetrafluoroethylene lubricating strip is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.25wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1wt% of boron nitride, 3wt% of polyphenyl ester, 8wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene wax and 87.75wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene.
The preparation method was the same as example 1 except that the powder ratio was different.
Example 5:
in this embodiment, the polytetrafluoroethylene lubricating strip is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.25wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1wt% of boron nitride, 3wt% of polyphenyl ester, 10 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene wax and 85.75 wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene.
The preparation method was the same as example 1 except that the powder ratio was different.
The basic physical properties of the lubricating bars prepared in examples 1-5 are shown in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1 physical and mechanical Properties of lubricating strips
Figure BDA0002522408100000041
As can be seen from Table 1, as the amount of PTFE wax increased, the density, hardness, and impact toughness of the PTFE solid lubricating strip decreased. This is because the molecular weight of the polytetrafluoroethylene wax is small, and is reduced by 100 times as compared with that of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the mechanical properties thereof are inferior to those of polytetrafluoroethylene as a base material. The density of the polytetrafluoroethylene solid lubricating strip is from 2.104g/cm along with the increase of the content of the polytetrafluoroethylene wax from 0 percent to 10 percent3Reduced to 2.057g/cm3Hardness is reduced from 57 to 56, and impact toughness is reduced from 3.95J/cm2Reduced to 3.125J/cm2Both are slightly reduced. It can also be seen that the impact toughness of the No. 5 solid lubricating strip sample is much higher than that of the No. 3 and No. 4 samples, probably because of excessThe polytetrafluoroethylene wax with a large amount of small molecular weight generates more crystal regions during rearrangement and crystallization after melting and cooling, and plays a role of a physical cross-linking point and plays a role in enhancing the mechanical property.
The lubricating strips prepared in examples 1 to 5 were used to carry out a current-carrying friction test on the copper-based powder metallurgy sliding plate material, and the friction coefficient and wear rate were tested under different current conditions.
Fig. 1 shows the average coefficient of friction between a copper-based pantograph slider material sample and a copper ring at different currents, without lubricating strips and with 5 lubricating strips. As can be seen from the figure, the average friction coefficient between the copper-based sample and the copper ring under the condition without the lubricating strip is far larger than that under the condition with the lubricating strip, which shows that the average friction coefficient between the copper-based sample and the copper ring can be greatly reduced by adding the polytetrafluoroethylene solid lubricating strip. The polytetrafluoroethylene is in a multilayer sheet structure, and the friction factor of the polytetrafluoroethylene is low, so that a uniform and stable transfer film is formed in the friction and wear process, the adhesion resistance of the copper-based material is improved, and the friction factor of the copper-based material is greatly reduced. Comparing the friction coefficients at 0A and 10A currents, it was found that the intervention of the current also reduced the average friction coefficient. The resistance heat caused by the current intervention can heat the friction surface and soften the surface material, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene solid lubricating strip can be better coated on the friction surface to form a lubricating film, and the average friction coefficient is reduced. Comparing the solid lubricating strips with the percentage contents, the copper-based material sample and the copper ring under the lubricating strip with the polytetrafluoroethylene wax content of 2% have the smallest average friction coefficient under the condition of no current, and the copper-based material sample and the copper ring under the lubricating strip with the polytetrafluoroethylene wax content of 8% have the smallest average friction coefficient under the current of 10A.
FIG. 2 shows the wear rates of the copper-based samples under no-lubrication and 5 different lubrication conditions, with currents of 0A and 10A, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, the wear rate of the copper-based pantograph material sample under the condition without the solid lubricating strip is greater than that under the condition with the solid lubricating strip, which shows that the wear rate of the copper-based pantograph material sample is reduced and the service life of the copper-based pantograph material sample is prolonged by adding the solid lubricant. Comparing the wear rates at 0A and 10A, it was found that the wear rate at 10A current was greater than the wear rate at no current, and the intervention of current increased the wear rate. This is because the introduction of current produces arc ablation which increases the wear rate of the copper-based material sample. With the increase of the content of the polytetrafluoroethylene wax, from 0% to 10%, the mass wear rate of the copper-based pantograph material sample under the dry friction and current-carrying friction conditions is reduced and then increased, and the mass wear rate of the copper-based pantograph material sample under the lubricating condition of 8% of the content of the polytetrafluoroethylene wax is the lowest. When no polytetrafluoroethylene wax is added into the composite material, a stable transfer film is not easy to form on the friction surface, and heat generated during friction cannot be dissipated in time, so that the mass wear rate is high. When the content of polytetrafluoroethylene is 8%, a sufficiently stable transfer film is formed on the friction surface, and the mass wear rate is reduced. However, as the amount of ptfe wax continues to increase, the load bearing capacity of the composite decreases, resulting in an increase in the mass wear rate.
FIG. 3 shows the coefficient of friction versus time for copper-based samples at 10A current without a lubricating strip and with a lubricating strip having 8% polytetrafluoroethylene wax content, respectively. By comparing the two curves, the friction coefficient under the condition of no lubricating strip is larger than that under the condition of no lubricating strip 4 in real time, and the friction coefficient under the condition of no lubricating strip 4 is more stable than that under the condition of no lubricating strip, and the fluctuation range is small, which indicates that the friction behavior between the copper-based pantograph slide plate material and the copper ring can be stabilized by adding the polytetrafluoroethylene solid lubricating strip.

Claims (2)

1. The polytetrafluoroethylene composite lubricating strip is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
0.25wt% of silicon dioxide aerogel, 1wt% of boron nitride, 3wt% of polyphenyl ester, 8wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene wax and 87.75wt% of polytetrafluoroethylene;
the polytetrafluoroethylene composite lubricating strip is prepared by the method comprising the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing silicon dioxide aerogel, boron nitride, polyphenyl ester, polytetrafluoroethylene wax and polytetrafluoroethylene according to the proportion, then filling the materials into a polytetrafluoroethylene plastic tank, premixing the materials for 1 to 2 hours on a common horizontal mixer, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain a mixture;
step 2: adding an ethanol solution into the mixture obtained in the step (1) to ensure that the mixture is fully submerged, then adding a silane coupling agent, wherein the adding mass of the silane coupling agent is 0.2wt% of the mass of the ethanol solution, fully and uniformly stirring, carrying out suction filtration, and drying powder obtained by suction filtration in a vacuum drying oven;
and step 3: putting the dried mixed powder into a die for pressing, keeping the pressure at 30MPa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes to obtain a green body;
and 4, step 4: and (3) sintering the green body in a muffle furnace at the sintering temperature of 300-350 ℃, at the heating rate of 50-60 ℃/h and for the heat preservation time of 2 hours, and cooling the sintered green body to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a finished product.
2. Use of a polytetrafluoroethylene composite lubricating strip according to claim 1, wherein: the lubricating oil is used for lubricating a copper-based pantograph slide plate and a contact wire.
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