CN111450844A - 一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂及制备方法,该催化剂包括蜂窝陶瓷载体,载体上设有催化剂涂层,催化剂涂层由负载有贵金属的氧化铝、CeO2‑Co3O4混合氧化物和粘结剂PVA组成,该催化剂的制备方法包括柠檬酸法将贵金属负载至氧化铝上、共沉淀法制备CeO2‑Co3O4混合氧化物、涂层浆料制备、载体浸渍涂覆等步骤,本发明的贵金属能够均匀分散负载于氧化铝的表面上,在高温条件下减少贵金属颗粒的团聚,避免活性下降也提高了贵金属的耐高温能力,延长催化剂的使用寿命,Ce氧化物丰富储氧能力以及Co氧化物的耐高温能力,有助于提高催化剂活性及稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及挥发性有机物催化剂技术领域,更具体地说,是涉及一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
石油化工、油漆、电镀、印刷、涂料、轮胎制造等工业的生产过程中都涉及到有机挥发化合物的使用和排放。有害的有机挥发物通常是烃类化合物、含氧有机化合物、含氯、硫、磷及卤素等有机化合物,这些挥发性有机物如不经处理直接排入大气会造成严重的环境污染,危害人类健康。
传统的有机废气净化处理方法(如吸附法、冷凝法、直接燃烧法等)均存在缺陷,也易造成二次污染。为了克服传统有机废气处理方法的缺陷,人们采用催化燃烧方法来对有机废气进行净化处理。催化燃烧方法是一种实用简便的有机废气净化处理技术,该技术是将有机物分子在催化剂表面作用发生深度氧化转化为二氧化碳和水。催化燃烧是使用不同种类的催化剂降低反应活化能的原理,使VOCs在温度比较低的情况下,在催化燃烧装置中将其完全氧化为CO2和H2O,并且去除率高达95%以上。
催化燃烧装置控制温度一般在300℃~500℃,催化燃烧放热放出的热量,可能使催化剂的后端温度达到600℃以上,长期使用高温很容易使催化剂失活,更换一次催化剂,带来的成本巨大,因此开发出一种耐高温、性能稳定的催化剂给企业在市场竞争中很有优势。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的上述缺陷,提供一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂及制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明的第一方面提供了一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)柠檬酸法将贵金属负载至氧化铝上
1.1)确定每升载体需要的贵金属和氧化铝的量,将氧化铝溶解在去离子水中,去离子水的量是氧化铝的10倍;
1.2)称取柠檬酸溶解在步骤1.1)的氧化铝溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,柠檬酸的量按贵金属量摩尔质量的8倍;
1.3)称取贵金属盐溶液,在搅拌条件下,用分液漏斗缓慢滴加至步骤1.2)的溶液中,搅拌均匀;
1.4)转移至水浴锅中,在搅拌条件下将水分蒸干,在烘箱中烘干,取出磨碎,再高温煅烧后得到负载有贵金属的氧化铝;
(2)共沉淀法制备CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物
2.1)将铈盐和钴盐溶解在去离子水中,添加沉淀剂,搅拌,直至pH达到10;
2.2)将步骤2.1)生成的沉淀物过滤并用去离子水洗涤,在烘箱中烘干,取出磨碎,再高温煅烧后得到CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物;
(3)涂层浆料制备
将负载有贵金属的氧化铝、CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物、粘结剂PVA溶解在去离子水中并搅拌均匀,用球磨机球磨D50在3um~8um,取出浆料用酸调节PH在4~5,在超声环境下超声分散1h~2h;
(4)浸渍涂覆
4.1)切割预设尺寸的载体用于涂覆,对切好的载体进行预处理,用去离子水浸泡,压缩空气吹掉水分,再烘干;
4.2)将预处理完的载体放入到盛装步骤(3)的涂层浆料的容器中浸渍5min~15min,浸渍完成后提取出,用压缩空气吹扫掉多余浆料,在烘箱中烘干,再高温煅烧后即得到耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂。
作为优选的,每升载体所需的氧化铝的用量为60g~220g,贵金属的用量为0.3g~2.5g。
作为优选的,所述贵金属为Pd、Pt中的一种或者Pd和Pt的组合,当贵金属为Pd和Pt的组合时,Pt:Pd的比例为1:1~5:1。
作为优选的,所述贵金属盐溶液为硝酸铂、硝酸钯、氯铂酸、氯化钯的一种或其组合。
作为优选的,所述铈盐为硝酸铈、硫酸铈、氯化铈或醋酸铈,所述钴盐为硝酸钴或醋酸钴,其中,铈盐和钴盐按Ce与Co的摩尔质量1:3添加。
作为优选的,所述沉淀剂为氨水、碳酸铵、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化纳中的一种或其组合。
作为优选的,在步骤2.2)中,所述沉淀物过滤用去离子水洗涤的次数不低于2次。
作为优选的,在步骤1.4)中,烘干温度为120℃~150℃,烘干时间为2h~5h,高温煅烧的温度为500℃~600℃,煅烧时间为2h~5h。
作为优选的,在步骤2.2)中,烘干温度为105℃~150℃,烘干时间为6h~12h,高温煅烧的温度为500℃~600℃,煅烧时间为2h~8h。
作为优选的,在步骤4.1)中,用去离子水浸泡的时间为1min~4min,烘干温度为150℃~250℃,烘干时间为1.5~3h。
作为优选的,在步骤4.2)中,烘干温度为120℃~150℃,烘干时间为2h~5h,高温煅烧的温度为500℃~600℃,煅烧时间为2h~3h。
作为优选的,在步骤4.1)中,所述载体的尺寸的5cm*5cm*5cm。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂,包括载体,所述载体上设有催化剂涂层,所述催化剂涂层由负载有贵金属的氧化铝、CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物和粘结剂PVA组成。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明的原材料易得,工艺操作简单,易实现量产,实验方法简便,不需要严苛复杂的实验条件。
2、制备的催化剂贵金属分散均匀,在高温条件下减少贵金属颗粒的团聚,避免活性下降也提高了贵金属的耐高温能力,提高了稳定性,延长催化剂使用寿命。
3、运用共沉淀法制备的CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物通过控制沉淀剂加入速度,合成晶体结构均一稳定,Ce氧化物丰富储氧能力以及Co氧化物的耐高温能力,有助于提高催化剂活性及稳定性。
4、制备的催化剂浆料球磨后在超声环境下超声分散,可使浆料充分混合均匀,形成均一稳定的混合浆料,负载的涂层各活性成分分布均匀,牢固性强,提高催化剂耐久性。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚,下面将对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述,显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂,包括蜂窝陶瓷载体,所述载体上设有催化剂涂层,所述催化剂涂层由负载有贵金属的氧化铝、CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物和粘结剂PVA组成。
该耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)柠檬酸法将贵金属负载至氧化铝上
1.1)确定每升载体需要的贵金属和氧化铝的量,将氧化铝溶解在去离子水中,搅拌30min,去离子水的量是氧化铝的10倍;
1.2)称取柠檬酸溶解在步骤1.1)的氧化铝溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,柠檬酸的量按贵金属量摩尔质量的8倍;
1.3)称取贵金属盐溶液,在搅拌条件下,用分液漏斗缓慢滴加至步骤1.2)的溶液中,搅拌均匀,搅拌30min;
1.4)转移至水浴锅中,在搅拌条件下将水分蒸干,在烘箱中烘干,取出磨碎,再高温煅烧后得到负载有贵金属的氧化铝;
其中,每升载体所需的氧化铝的用量可以为60g~220g,贵金属的用量可以为0.3g~2.5g。
所述贵金属为Pd、Pt中的一种或者Pd和Pt的组合,当贵金属为Pd和Pt的组合时,Pt:Pd的比例为1:1~5:1。所述贵金属盐溶液为硝酸铂、硝酸钯、氯铂酸、氯化钯的一种或其组合。
在步骤1.4)中,烘干温度为120℃~150℃,烘干时间为2h~5h,优选150℃-2h,高温煅烧的温度为500℃~600℃,煅烧时间为2h~5h,优选500℃-2h。
(2)共沉淀法制备CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物
2.1)将铈盐和钴盐溶解在去离子水中,添加沉淀剂,直至pH达到10并搅拌2小时,;
2.2)将步骤2.1)生成的沉淀物过滤并用去离子水洗涤,在烘箱中烘干,取出磨碎(使用研体和研杵处理),再高温煅烧后得到CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物;
所述铈盐为硝酸铈、硫酸铈、氯化铈或醋酸铈,所述钴盐为硝酸钴或醋酸钴,其中,铈盐和钴盐按Ce与Co的摩尔质量1:3添加。
所述沉淀剂为氨水、碳酸铵、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化纳中的一种或其组合。
在步骤2.2)中,所述沉淀物过滤用去离子水洗涤的次数不低于2次,优选2~5次。
在步骤2.2)中,烘干温度为105℃~150℃,烘干时间为6h~12h,优选120℃-12h,高温煅烧的温度为500℃~600℃,煅烧时间为2h~8h,优选500℃-5h。
(3)涂层浆料制备
将负载有贵金属的氧化铝、CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物、粘结剂PVA溶解在去离子水中并搅拌均匀,用球磨机球磨D50在3um~8um,取出浆料用酸调节PH在4~5,在超声环境下超声分散1h~2h,优选1.5h;
(4)浸渍涂覆
4.1)切割预设尺寸的载体用于涂覆,对切好的载体进行预处理,用去离子水浸泡,压缩空气吹掉水分,再烘干;
4.2)将预处理完的载体放入到盛装步骤(3)的涂层浆料的容器中浸渍5min~15min,优选10min,浸渍完成后用镊子提取出,用压缩空气吹扫掉多余浆料,在烘箱中烘干,再高温煅烧后即得到耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂。
在步骤4.1)中,所述载体的尺寸的5cm*5cm*5cm。
在步骤4.1)中,用去离子水浸泡的时间为1min~4min,优选2min,烘干温度为150℃~250℃,烘干时间为1.5~3h,优选200℃-2h。
在步骤4.2)中,烘干温度为120℃~150℃,烘干时间为2h~5h,优选120℃-3h,高温煅烧的温度为500℃~600℃,煅烧时间为2h~3h,优选500℃-2h。
实施例1
切割2个小样5cm*5cm*5cm载体用于浸渍涂覆,目标负载120g/l,其中氧化铝90g/l,铈钴氧化物30g/l,其中铈钴比例为1:3,贵金属25g/ft3,按计算贵金属负载氧化铝比例1%。
柠檬法氧化铝负载贵金属:按柠檬酸质量是贵金属8倍的摩尔质量称取,完全溶解到去离子水中,搅拌30min,称取氧化铝至含有柠檬酸的溶液中,搅拌30min后称取硝酸铂和硝酸钯盐溶液,其中Pd:Pt=1:4,在搅拌条件下,用分液漏斗缓慢滴加至溶液中,继续搅拌30min,转移至水浴锅中,在搅拌条件下将水分蒸干得到黄色滤饼,将滤饼在烘箱中150℃烘2h,取出磨碎成分散状态颗粒,在高温烘箱中煅500℃煅烧2h,即得黑色粉末状态含有1%PtPd的氧化铝。
CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物制备:称取Ce(NO3)3.6H2O和Co(NO3)2.6H2O溶解在去离子水中按物质量比1:3添加,完全溶解后添加碳酸铵溶液,直至PH达到10,搅拌2h。将沉淀物静置12h后,过滤后用去离子水洗涤沉淀物2次,在烘箱中120℃烘12h,取出搅碎,在500℃下煅烧5h,得到CeO2-Co3O4氧化物。
涂覆两个5cm*5cm*5cm小样,考虑涂覆损耗按1.5倍的量配置浆料,称取34g含有PtPd的氧化铝、12g CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物、0.34g粘结剂PVA溶解去离子水中,搅拌30min得到浆料,用球磨机将浆料球磨D50至3um-8um,取出浆料用酸调节PH在4~5,在超声环境下分散1.5h,得到混合均匀的涂覆浆料。
涂覆:切好的载体预处理,去离子水浸泡2min,压缩空气吹掉水分,在200℃烘2h后,将载体在含有催化剂的浆料的容器中浸渍10min,镊子提取出,用压缩空气吹扫掉多余浆料,在烘箱120℃-3h,500℃-2h即得到相应的催化剂。
实施例2
切割2个小样5cm*5cm*5cm载体用于浸渍涂覆,目标负载120g/l,其中氧化铝90g/l,铈钴氧化物30g/l,其中铈钴比例为1:3,贵金属25g/ft3,按计算贵金属负载氧化铝比例1%。实施例2不同于实施例1在于贵金属只用Pd,负载1%Pd的氧化铝,其余步骤跟用量与实施例1相同。
测试评价:对比实施例1、实施例2制备得到的催化剂效果
涂覆好的优质5cm*5cm*5cm载体小样切割成D20mm*H20mm的圆柱体在活性测试评价装置中测试
老化条件;600℃-48h,10%H2O,余空气,空速30000h-1
活性测试条件:甲苯600ppm,二甲苯300ppm,10%氧气,余N2,空速30000h-1
注:T50达到50%转化率的温度,T95达到95%转化率温度
数据分析:
对于实施例1、实施例2的新鲜活性测试对甲苯、二甲苯T50都低于200℃,T95都低于250℃,对于高温老化后对甲苯、二甲苯T50都低于230℃,T95都低于270℃,测试数据中可看出本发明的催化剂具有良好的耐高温能力,本发明的催化剂对于催化燃烧装置温度可控制在300℃之下即可达到完全转化。从实施例1、实施例2对比发现,实施例1无论新鲜活性测试还是高温老化后测试效果都比实施例2好,这是实施例2中单一贵金属Pd不能像实施例1中有贵金属PtPd的互相辅助作用,形成稳定核体结构提高催化剂活性和耐高温能力。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)柠檬酸法将贵金属负载至氧化铝上
1.1)确定每升载体需要的贵金属和氧化铝的量,将氧化铝溶解在去离子水中,去离子水的量是氧化铝的10倍;
1.2)称取柠檬酸溶解在步骤1.1)的氧化铝溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,柠檬酸的量按贵金属量摩尔质量的8倍;
1.3)称取贵金属盐溶液,在搅拌条件下,用分液漏斗缓慢滴加至步骤1.2)的溶液中,搅拌均匀;
1.4)转移至水浴锅中,在搅拌条件下将水分蒸干,在烘箱中烘干,取出磨碎,再高温煅烧后得到负载有贵金属的氧化铝;
(2)共沉淀法制备CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物
2.1)将铈盐和钴盐溶解在去离子水中,添加沉淀剂,搅拌,直至pH达到10;
2.2)将步骤2.1)生成的沉淀物过滤并用去离子水洗涤,在烘箱中烘干,取出磨碎,再高温煅烧后得到CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物;
(3)涂层浆料制备
将负载有贵金属的氧化铝、CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物、粘结剂PVA溶解在去离子水中并搅拌均匀,用球磨机球磨D50在3um~8um,取出浆料用酸调节PH在4~5,在超声环境下超声分散1h~2h;
(4)浸渍涂覆
4.1)切割预设尺寸的载体用于涂覆,对切好的载体进行预处理,用去离子水浸泡,压缩空气吹掉水分,再烘干;
4.2)将预处理完的载体放入到盛装步骤(3)的涂层浆料的容器中浸渍5min~15min,浸渍完成后提取出,用压缩空气吹扫掉多余浆料,在烘箱中烘干,再高温煅烧后即得到耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,每升载体所需的氧化铝的用量为60g~220g,贵金属的用量为0.3g~2.5g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述贵金属为Pd、Pt中的一种或者Pd和Pt的组合,当贵金属为Pd和Pt的组合时,Pt:Pd的比例为1:1~5:1。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述贵金属盐溶液为硝酸铂、硝酸钯、氯铂酸、氯化钯的一种或其组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铈盐为硝酸铈、硫酸铈、氯化铈或醋酸铈,所述钴盐为硝酸钴或醋酸钴,其中,铈盐和钴盐按Ce与Co的摩尔质量1:3添加。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述沉淀剂为氨水、碳酸铵、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化纳中的一种或其组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤2.2)中,所述沉淀物过滤用去离子水洗涤的次数不低于2次。
8.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤1.4)中,烘干温度为120℃~150℃,烘干时间为2h~5h,高温煅烧的温度为500℃~600℃,煅烧时间为2h~5h;
在步骤2.2)中,烘干温度为105℃~150℃,烘干时间为6h~12h,高温煅烧的温度为500℃~600℃,煅烧时间为2h~8h;
在步骤4.1)中,用去离子水浸泡的时间为1min~4min,烘干温度为150℃~250℃,烘干时间为1.5~3h;
在步骤4.2)中,烘干温度为120℃~150℃,烘干时间为2h~5h,高温煅烧的温度为500℃~600℃,煅烧时间为2h~3h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤4.1)中,所述载体的尺寸的5cm*5cm*5cm。
10.一种耐高温净化苯系物的蜂窝陶瓷催化剂,其特征在于,包括载体,所述载体上设有催化剂涂层,所述催化剂涂层由负载有贵金属的氧化铝、CeO2-Co3O4混合氧化物和粘结剂PVA组成。
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